田阳县近50a降水变化趋势特征分析

利用气候倾向率及相关系数分析方法,对站田阳站1959～2008年的年、季降水量、降水日数作统计分析。结果发现,田阳站50a年、季降水量随时间变化总趋势平稳少变,年降水气候倾向率为3.09mm/10a;小雨、中雨量级降水日数气候倾向率呈负值,小雨日数50a趋减9d;大雨以上强降水气候倾向率呈正值,表明强降水日数趋增。     

近46年来华东及周围地区最高与最低气温时空演变的气候特征

选用华东及周围地区157个气象观测站1960-2005年6~8月逐日最高、 最低气温资料, 利用分段线性突变检验、 EOF分解等方法, 分析了我国华东地区最高, 最低气温的空间分布及时间演变特征。结果表明： 高温主要出现在长江以南; 长江以北夏季气温分布受地形影响显著。最高气温分布具有良好的空间一致性, 主要受大尺度天气系统影响; 最低气温更多表现出局地变化特征; 华东夏季最高、 最低气温分布形态较为类似, 有“全区一致型”和“南北反向型”两种, 1980年是夏季气温的一个突变点。1980年以前, 最高、 最低气温都呈下降趋势; 1980年以后则呈升温趋势; 最高气温的演变以“高温-低温-高温”的年代际振荡为主, 极端高温主要发生在两个时段： 第一次在1960-1965年之间; 第二次在2000年以后, 而极端最低气温以升温趋势为主。     

高分辨率卫星数据在矿山开发状况及环境监测中的应用效果比较

以著名钨矿生产基地———江西省崇义县为实验区,对QUICKBIRD和SPOT-5数据在南方高植被覆盖山区矿产资源开发状况及其引发的环境问题的监测效果和与性能作了系统比较,为类似地区矿山监测时数据源的选择提供参考。     

东天山同成铅矿地球化学特征及找矿意义

同成地区位于东天山阿齐山-长城山岛弧带(觉罗塔格岛弧),南部有彩霞山铅锌矿,东部有红柳沟铜铅锌多金属矿及维山铅锌矿等。该地区处于新疆重要的铜、镍、金等多金属成矿带,是新疆重要成矿带,成矿条件有利。研究区内元素异常受地层控制明显,主成矿元素Pb、Zn富集度高、范围广,且元素异常整体重叠,所圈定的化探异常与地表发现的铅矿化带走向一致。根据目前取得的化探及找矿成果,认为同成地区具有寻找新型铅矿的较大潜力。     

Characteristics,differences and main controlling factors of source rocks in the central‐southern South China Sea Basins

The South China Sea is rich in oil and gas resources. With the increasing exploration of oil and gas resources in the northern South China Sea and the increasing demand for energy in the world, The central‐southern South China Sea have become important constituencies for oil and gas resources. The central‐southern basins of South China Sea can be divided into three types of basin groups, namely, the southern basin group (Zengmu Basin, Brunei‐Sabah Basin), the western basin group (Wan'an Basin, Zhong jiannan Basin) and the Central Basin Group (Liyue Basin, Beikang Basin, Nanweixi Basin and Palawan Basin). At present, the degree of exploration is relatively low, and the source rock has not yet formed a understanding of the system. The main source rock development time, source rock characteristics, hydrocarbon generation potential and control factors of each basin group are still unclear, which seriously restricts the exploration of oil and gas. Based on the sedimentary facies distribution and sedimentary filling evolution, combined with the geoche mical characteristics of the source rocks, the source age, organic matter type, hydrocarbon generation potential and main controlling factors of the basins in the central‐southern basins are discussed. By the detailed research on delta scale, provenance system, paleoclimate conditions, ancient vegetation development and hydroca rbon generation parent material, the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks in each basin group are revealed.     

Characteristics of the main inorganic nitrogen accumulation in surface water and groundwater of wetland succession zones

Based on the observation of a complete hydrological year from June 2014 to May 2015, the temporal and spatial variations of the main inorganic nitrogen(MIN, referring to NO_3~--N, NO_2~--N, NH_4~+-N) in surface water and groundwater of the Li River and the Yuan River wetland succession zones are analyzed. The Li River and the Yuan River are located in agricultural and non-agricultural areas, and this study focus on the influence of surface water level and groundwater depth and precipitation on nitrogen pollution. The results show that NO_3~-N in surface water accounts for 70%-90% of MIN, but it does not exceed the limit of national drinking water surface water standard. Groundwater is seriously polluted by H_4~+-N. Based on the groundwater quality standard of H_4~+-N, the groundwater quality in the Li River exceeds Class III water standard throughout the year, and the exceeding months' proportion of Yuan River reaches 58.3%. Compared with the Yuan River, MIN in groundwater of the Li River shows significant temporal and spatial variations owing to the influence of agricultural fertilization. The correlation between the concentrations of MIN and surface water level is poor, while the fitting effect of quadratic correlation between H_4~+-N concentration and groundwater depth is the best(R~2=0.9384), NO_3~-N is the next(R~2=0.5128), NO_2~--N is the worst(R~2=0.2798). The equation of meteoric water line is δD =7.83δ~(18) O+12.21, indicating that both surface water and groundwater come from atmospheric precipitation. Surface infiltration is the main cause of groundwater H_4~+-N pollution. Rainfall infiltration in non-fertilization seasons reduces groundwater nitrogen pollution, while rainfall leaching farming and fertilization aggravate groundwater nitrogen pollution.     

内蒙古东部半干旱草原残丘景观区铜多金属元素表生地球化学异常特征及其评价指标体系的构建

分析了研究区内钙积层、风成沙等制约因素对铜多金属元素表生地球化学异常发育的影响,总结了该类特殊景观条件下铜多金属元素表生地球化学异常特征及其在垂向和侧向上的迁移规律。在此基础上,构建了该类景观区铜多金属元素的表生地球化学异常评价指标体系     

西北干旱区土壤资源特征与可持续发展

分析了干旱区主要土壤类型、分布规律,土壤的理化性状、养分特征以及在盐碱化、沙化和灌耕条件下的变化,并论证了干旱区土壤资源的基本特征对区域可持续发展的影响。认为干旱区土壤分布具明显的空间垂直地带性及径向分布规律。极端干旱条件下的暖温带棕漠土的资源性能最差,其他土壤的资源性能排序依次为灰棕漠土<灰漠土<灰钙土(棕钙土)<灌耕土<草甸土类。土壤资源性能在灌耕、风沙及盐碱化条件下发生显著变化,在干旱区广为分布的荒漠土壤多数具有显著的中深部盐化表现和易于沙化的条件。干旱区可持续发展依赖于绿洲灌耕土壤资源的稳定发展、高生产力水平及可持续利用,在明确土壤资源特性与分布规律的基础上,土壤资源的合理利用与保护及其与生态环境的可持续协调是关键问题。     

顺义4.0级地震前兆异常特征与京区前兆监测网监测能力探讨

通过对北京地区现有定点地震前兆监测网进行清理,分析了现有定点专业前兆监测台站、观测点、群测点的数量及分布密度的现状。对１９９６年１２月１６日北京顺义ＭＳ４．０地震的短临异常特征进行了探讨,表明顺义ＭＳ４．０地震前在震中周围出现一个直径约３５ｋｍ的短临异常密集区域。从异常形态看,该区域中的异常大部分可能带有来自震源的信息。结合顺义地震短临异常点位分布特征,对北京地区前兆台网的密度问题进行了探讨。     

粤北青嶂山岩体江头矿区铀矿微区矿物学、年代学特征及其成矿动力背景制约

粤北诸广和贵东是华南最重要的两个花岗型铀矿密集区,青嶂山(龙源坝)岩体位于两者之间,是华南花岗岩型铀矿研究薄弱地区。江头铀矿区地处青嶂山岩体北部与南雄断陷盆地的结合部位,该矿区的铀成矿年代学研究几为空白。本文通过电子探针方法研究了青嶂山岩体、及与该岩体密切相关的江头矿区中的铀矿物微区矿物学特征,获得岩浆成因的晶质铀矿与热液成因的沥青铀矿的U-Th-Pb化学年龄,探讨了华南铀成矿作用动力学背景及成矿地质体。研究表明:青嶂山岩体粗粒斑状黑云母花岗岩和中粒斑状黑云母花岗岩中的铀矿物主要有晶质铀矿、铀石,部分晶质铀矿存在明显铀释放的特征,其晶质铀矿化学年龄分别为246.8±8.8Ma、161.5±8.0Ma,与前人获得的锆石U-Pb年龄结果在误差范围内一致,分别代表了区内印支期与燕山期花岗岩体的成岩年龄,表明在南雄断陷盆地形成之前,青嶂山岩体与诸广岩体可能为一有机整体,有着相同的成岩、成矿环境。江头矿区矿石中铀矿物主要为沥青铀矿,伴有少量钛铀矿、铀石等,沥青铀矿化学年龄分别为121.3±9.8Ma、98.8±8.0Ma、73.2±8.8Ma,分别代表区内3期铀成矿作用的时代,结合华南中生代以来构造运动特征,认为区内铀成矿作用是受中-新生代盆地边缘深大断陷活动、产铀花岗岩体分布的双要素成矿动力学背景制约,青嶂山岩体应与诸广、贵东岩体具有相似的找矿前景。