长江中下游庐江-枞阳火山岩矿集区深部结构与成矿作用

为探测长江中下游成矿带庐江-枞阳白垩纪火山岩盆地和铁、硫矿集区深部构造和地壳结构,探讨成矿深部控制条件,作者完成了穿越火山岩盆地的深反射地震剖面(150km,记录30s)和罗河铁矿区浅层高分辨反射地震剖面(20km),以及平行剖面的大地电磁、高精度重磁剖面,揭示了矿集区全地壳精细结构和电磁结构,同时开展区域构造测量和火山岩年代学研究,获得了新的认识。证实"耳状"的庐-枞火山岩盆地是一个沿北东向罗河断裂向东侧发育的非对称火山盆地,排除了另一半被断在西侧红层之下的判断;罗河断裂是一条切穿MOHO的深断裂,倾向南东,是引导地幔流体和岩浆上涌和喷发的通道,在中地壳形成岩浆房(反射亮斑);鉴别出多层界面,火山岩-侏罗系厚度约4～5km(其中火山岩厚度约3km),三叠系-震旦系变形层底界深度大致18～20km,变质基底组成中下地壳,MOHO平缓向北西倾,深度33～31km;追踪郯-庐断裂带的深部产状,陡立延伸到MOHO,宽约10km。从而揭示了早白垩系(132～127Ma)庐-枞火山岩矿集区深部过程与成矿、控矿作用。     

基于 LandSat影像的近30年湛江东北海岸线变迁分析

利用1958—2020年实测地形数据与长江入海水沙数据,分析长江口南支最大的涨潮槽———新桥水道动力地貌变化及其 驱 动 机 制。结 果 表 明:新 桥 水 道 在 1958—2020 年 间 的 地 貌 演 变 可 以 分 为 3 个 阶 段:第 一 阶 段(1958—1997年)新桥水道受控于径流、潮流的耦合作用而经历“冲刷-淤积”的周期性变化,其中河槽主要展现上、下游迁移及河槽收缩交替等特征;第二阶段(1997—2003年)因1998和1999年大洪水造成新桥水道冲刷,新桥水道河槽向上游拓展延伸,河道拓宽明显;第三阶段(2003—2020年)则受人类活动干预和扁担沙北移及径流、潮流耦合作用,新桥水道向下游迁移束窄,并逐渐形成以河道上段为淤积中心的地貌演化格局。此外,随着东风西沙水库构建,拦蓄了部分应进入新桥水道的水体,致使河槽上段落潮动力减弱而加剧河槽淤积,导致新桥水道进一步淤浅。     

Remote sensing-based analysis of the planform changes in the Upper Amazon River over the period 1986–2006

An analysis of the planform changes of the Colombian reach of the Amazon River was carried out over a period of 19.9 years. Remote sensing image processing techniques were applied to Landsat images acquired in 1986, 1994, 2001 and, 2006. These images were selected based on minimal daily water level variations, while providing the widest temporal span. Plan view river changes and geomorphologic characteristics were examined to identify which channel pattern classification best represents this large tropical river system. Discharge was also analyzed to determine whether changes in the river's plan view are a direct response to variations in discharge. The system had a depositional tendency between 1986 and 2006, with a period where erosion was more intense than deposition between 1994 and 2001. Percent change in the plan view area of the system (1.4% yr⁻¹) and the maximum migration rates (125 m yr⁻¹) suggest that this reach of the Amazon is less active than reaches upstream and the downstream reach between the confluences of the Jutaí and Japurá Rivers. Variations in discharge appear to be responsible for deposition and erosion dynamics observed after this remote sensing analysis in the Colombian reach of the Amazon River. Characteristics including multiple channels with vegetated islands developed from within-channel deposition, meandering planform, lateral activity of channel margins, and the absence of islands with saucer-like morphology suggest a multichannel, meandering pattern for this reach of the Amazon, that corresponds to a laterally active anabranching river.     

“工程测量”实践教学体系的研究与构建

工程测量是港口航道与海岸工程专业技术人员必须掌握的基本技能之一。为解决应用型本科院校工程测量课程的实践教学体系与应用型人才培养目标要求不相适应的问题,从剖析实践教学过程中存在的现实问题出发,结合学校及专业实际情况,以大连海洋大学港口航道与海岸工程专业为例,提出了一套完整的、操作性强、专业特色鲜明的实践教学体系,并取得了一定的教学成果,对于普通高等学校应用型人才的培养具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Channel geometry,bed material,and inferred flow conditions in ephemeral stream systems,barrier range,western N.S.W. Australia

Streams draining the Barrier Range uplands in arid western N.S.W. are ephemeral and undergo rapid channel contraction away from the uplands as a consequence of transmission loss. These processes are documented on the basis of surveys of channel form and bed material at sequential sites located along the contracting lowland reaches of two representative streams. Channel width and depth display considerable fluctuation downstream, but cross-sectional area and maximum bed surface grain size decline in a very regular manner. Flood discharge, estimated from the channel capacity and predicted critical and mean flow velocities, also declines regularly. the trends are well fitted by log-linear models, and are reported in terms of a half-distance, the channel length in km over which the value of a morphometric parameter declines by 50 per cent. Rates of channel contraction and transmission loss are inferred to be inversely proportional to the volume of flow delivered from the upland section of the drainage basin. Unusual channel characteristics, including extensive tree growth in the bed, make application of ordinary flow equations difficult, because friction factors cannot be estimated with confidence. Systematic changes in the nature of the bed surface in contracting streams such as those studied here also have implications for the application of critical velocity equations, and highlight a need for further study of desert channels.     

One-Equation Turbulence Modelling for Atmospheric and Engineering Applications

A new algebraic turbulent length scale model is developed, based on previous one-equation turbulence modelling experience in atmospheric flow and dispersion calculations. The model is applied to the neutral Ekman layer, as well as to fully-developed pipe and channel flows. For the pipe and channel flows examined the present model results can be considered as nearly equivalent to the results obtained using the standard k– model. For the neutral Ekman layer, the model predicts satisfactorily the near-neutral Cabauw friction velocities and a dependence of the drag coefficient versus Rossby number very close to that derived from published (G. N. Coleman) direct numerical simulations. The model underestimates the Cabauw cross-isobaric angles, but to a less degree than the cross-isobar angle versus Rossby dependence derived from the Coleman simulation. Finally, for the Cabauw data, with a geostrophic wind magnitude of 10 ms^–1, the model predicts an eddy diffusivity distribution in good agreement with semi-empirical distributions used in current operational practice.     

我国交通设施沿线固沙措施与技术研究综述

流沙是我国沙漠化主要成因之一。本文简要回顾了我国北方沙漠及受沙漠化影响的干旱半干旱地区为保护交通线路而采取的固沙措施和技术,包括工程措施、化学措施和生物措施,主要介绍了这些措施和技术的类型及特点,以及近60年间(1950–2010年)其在不同地区不同交通线路中的应用,包括包兰线、塔里木沙漠公路和青藏铁路沿线的防风固沙。工程措施,如建挡风墙和铺设沙障,在沙漠交通线的防风固沙中非常有效。化学措施因成本高和对环境可能造成的污染风险而应用并不普遍。生物措施比工程和化学措施成本更高,但因其效果好且防护持续时间长而得到推崇。在一些地方,几种措施组合的固沙效果更好。工程措施对沙面的固定以及有条件的地方用地下水或河水灌溉有助于旱生植物的早期定植。本文最后指出了固沙措施和技术的局限性以及未来研究方向。本文对解决蒙古高原受沙漠和沙漠化影响的干旱和半干旱地区与"一带一路"倡议相关的基础设施建设的生态环境问题具有重要意义。     

黄河口减沙与流路稳定

黄河口的减沙与水资源利用是稳定黄河流路的重要措施。入海流路的选择是确保油田开发、港口建设和防灾的重要工作。加强河口港湾和河口治理工程的研究是解决黄河口治理的关键工程。     

CHANNEL EROSION DAMAGES AND PROTECTION MEASURES IN SOUTHEAST ARIZONA

1INTRODUCTIONThesouthwesternregionoftheUnitedStates,includingSoutheastArizona,ischaracterizedbyasemiaridclimatewithhotsummers,mildwinters,andephemeralstreamsdrainingsparselyvegetatedareas.ChannelmorphologyoftheephemeralstreamsinSoutheastArizonaisinfluencedbybothlateralandverticalchannelchangesoccurringduringmajorfloods.Lateralchannelchangesoccurinthreewaysbankerosion,meandermigration,andchannelavulsion.Verticalchannelchangesinclude,beddegradationoraggradation,andmayoccurseparatelyorinco…     

STABILITY OF NIANCHU RIVER AFTER REGULATION BY STRAIGHTENING: A CASE STUDY FROM TIBET, CHINA

IINTRODUCTIONTheNianchuRiverCatchmentisoneofthemaingrainproducingareasofTibet.TheengineeringregulationoftheriverisanimportantcomponentofstatekeyprojectofChina,"OneRiverandTwoTributariesProject"."OneRiver"herestandsfortheYarlungZhangboRiverandthe"TwoTributaries"aretheNianchuRiverandtheLasaRiverinCentral-SouthernTibet.InordertoimprovethewaterresourcesandtopreventfloodinginTibet,aseriesofhydropowerstations,irrigationdiversionprojects,floodcontrollevees,andreforestationprogramshaveb…