天山构造带及邻区地壳各向异性

天山构造带位于中国大陆西北部,是典型的岩石圈陆内缩短造山带.本文利用新疆区域数字地震台网2009年1月至2014年12月的近场小地震波形资料,采用剪切波分裂分析对天山构造带及邻区的地壳各向异性特征进行研究,获得了研究区域内39个台站的快剪切波偏振方向和慢剪切波时间延迟.剪切波分裂参数的空间特征显示,研究区上地壳各向异性具有分区性,各向异性特征与局部构造、地壳介质变形和应力分布有关.天山构造带的快剪切波偏振呈现出两个优势方向的特点,第一优势方向大致平行于台站附近断裂和天山构造带的走向,与断裂构造和应力的综合影响有关,另一个优势方向反映了主压应力的直接作用.北天山山前断裂带东段的断裂弯折部位和南天山局部地区的剪切波分裂参数与东、西两侧不同,与准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地的南北向挤压作用密切相关.快剪切波偏振优势方向的剧烈变化揭示,在准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地双向挤压隆起的过程中,天山构造带产生了强烈的局部不均匀变形.塔里木盆地西侧快剪切波偏振具有两个优势方向,一个为NNE方向,与帕米尔高原受到印度-欧亚板块碰撞产生的北向挤压作用有关,另一个为NW方向,指出了塔里木盆地区域主压应力方向.准噶尔盆地北部也存在NE和NW两个快波偏振优势方向,主要与断裂的影响有关.天山构造带区域内的慢剪切波时间延迟总体上低于塔里木盆地西侧和准噶尔盆地北部,同时慢剪切波时间延迟的结果也进一步证实了天山构造带的局部强烈变形.

     

长白山天池火山——多成因中央式火山

长白山天池火山属新生代多成因中央式火山,也是我国最大的一座具潜在危险的活火山。火山主体由早期玄武岩盾、中期粗面岩锥和晚期伊格尼姆岩席组成。天池火山布里尼喷发柱高度最高达25 km,柱体最大宽度为半径12～13 km。天池破火山口塌陷过程可以分为四期,分别位于造锥喷发阶段和造伊格尼姆岩喷发阶段。本文对天池火山未来可能的火山灾害类型及范围也作了初步预测。     

鄂尔多斯盆地子洲气田上古生界山西组、下石盒子组储集层特征对比研究

鄂尔多斯盆地子洲气田山西组山23段和下石盒子组盒8段是该区天然气的主力储集层, 但其产能却存在很大差异.应用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、高压压汞、恒速压汞及岩心分析资料, 分别对该地区上古生界山西组山23段和下石盒子组盒8段储集层进行了研究.子洲气田山23储层以石英砂岩为主, 孔隙类型多样, 粒间孔、溶孔、晶间孔发育, 喉道类别以微—细喉为主, 属相对低孔高渗型储层; 盒8储层则以岩屑砂岩为主, 孔隙类型主要为岩屑溶孔和晶间孔, 喉道类别以细—微喉为主, 属于相对低孔低渗型储层.山23段和盒8段储集层岩石类型、孔隙结构差别巨大, 造成了其储集性能的差异性.不同的沉积环境和成岩作用是造成其差异性的主要原因.     

Strain, Kinematic Vorticity and Ductile Thinning along the Detachment Zone of the Yunmeng Shan Metamorphic Core Complex, Beijing, China

The Yunmeng Shan metamorphic core complex (MCC) is composed of the lower plate, the upper plate and the detachment zone. The detachment zone consists of ductile shear zone (mylonite zone), chloritized microbreccias zone and the brittle fault plane. The ductile shear zone contains mylonitic rocks, protomylonites, and mylonites. Finite strain measurements of feldspar porphyroclasts from those rocks using the Rf/φ method show that the strain intensities increase from mylonitic rocks (Es=0.66–0.72) to protomylonites (Es=0.66–0.83), and to mylonites (Es=0.71–1.2). The strain type is close to flatten strain. Kinematic vorticity estimated by Polar Mohr diagrams suggest that foliations and lineation of mylonite (0.47相似文献   

天山及邻区Vening Meinesz均衡重力异常特征及其动力学意义

本文基于Vening Meinesz区域均衡模型,通过试验不同参数计算Vening Meinesz均衡补偿深度,将其与CRUST1.0模型给出的莫霍面深度进行拟合,得到适应于天山及邻区的平均补偿深度、"地区性指标"以及区域补偿半径.结合地球重力场模型EIGEN-6C4与地形数据,利用球冠体积分方法进行地形效应、沉积层效应计算和均衡校正,得到了研究区的Vening Meinesz均衡重力异常.结果显示天山及邻区的均衡重力异常幅值在-110~120 mGal之间,表明了天山及周边盆地岩石圈所处于的均衡状态,同时揭示了研究区的壳幔密度分布特征.天山、塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地等块体的地壳垂向形变可能部分地由均衡调整引起,且均衡调整趋势与地面形变测量结果相契合.通过对均衡重力异常成因的解释,从地壳均衡角度分析了该地区复杂的构造背景及其新生代以来的演化历程.     

基于InSAR、GPS形变场的长白山地区火山岩浆囊参数模拟研究

利用差分合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术（DInSAR）获取长白山地区的形变场.结果显示1995~1998年期间,位于长白山东南侧的间白山火山存在6~12 cm的视线向形变,而长白山天池火山处于平静期,没有明显形变.利用2002~2003年的GPS和水准获取的形变数据,分别采用Mogi单源、双源模型反演了长白山地区火山的岩浆囊参数.其中双源模型拟合效果较为理想,两个点源一个位于长白山天池老火山口下方7.9 km处,另一个位于间白山火山下方5.5 km处.对双源模型反演得到的岩浆囊参数进行适当调整,拟合得到与InSAR形变场基本吻合的结果.上述研究结果表明长白山地区火山活动存在时间上的间歇性和空间上的迁移性,为进一步研究长白山地区火山活动机制提供了参考和依据.     

Cretaceous transgressions and regressions on the Russian Platform, in Crimea and Central Asia

This paper is a brief explanation of the diagrams of the Cretaceous transgressions and regressions on the Russian Platform, in the Crimea (Figures 1–3) and some regions of central Asia—the western flanks of the Tien Shan mountains, the Fergana basin, the Zeravshan-Gissar and Alaj mountains, and the Northern Pamirs (Figures 5–7).Internationally recognized stages are employed. They are interpreted by Sasonova (1967) for the Lower Cretaceous (K₁) of the Russian Platform, by Naidin (1977) for the Upper Cretaceous (K₂) of the Platform and the Crimea, by Djalilov (1971) and Pojarkova (1976) for the Upper Cretaceous of central Asia. General data on the stratigraphy of the Cretaceous of central Asia may be found in Anon 1977.     

Seismogenic destruction of the Kamenka medieval fortress, northern Issyk-Kul region, Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan)

A paleoseismological study of the medieval Kamenka fortress in the northern part of the Issyk-Kul Lake depression, northern Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan, revealed an oblique slip thrust fault scarp offsetting the fortification walls. This 700 m long scarp is not related to the 1911 Kebin Earthquake (Ms 8.2) fault scarps which are widespread in the region. As analysis of stratigraphy in a paleoseismic trench and archaeological evidence reveal, it can be assigned to a major twelfth century a.d. earthquake which produced up to 4 m of oblique slip thrusting antithetic to that of the nearby dominant faults. The inferred surface rupturing earthquake apparently caused the fortress destruction and was likely the primary reason for its abandonment, not the Mongolian–Tatar invasions as previously thought.     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF SLIP RATE DEFICIT ACROSS HAIYUAN-LIUPAN SHAN FAULT ZONE CONSTRAINED BY GPS DATA

As the northeast boundary of the Tibetan plateau, the Haiyuan-Liupan Shan fault zone has separated the intensely tectonic deformed Tibetan plateau from the stable blocks of Ordos and Alxa since Cenozoic era. It is an active fault with high seismic risk in the west of mainland China. Using geology and geodetic techniques, previous studies have obtained the long-term slip rate across the Haiyuan-Liupan Shan fault zone. However, the detailed locking result and slip rate deficit across this fault zone are scarce. After the 2008 Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake, the tectonic stress field of Longmen Shan Fault and its vicinity was changed, which suggests that the crustal movement and potential seismic risk of Haiyuan-Liupan Shan fault zone should be investigated necessarily. Utilizing GPS horizontal velocities observed before and after Wenchuan earthquake(1999~2007 and 2009~2014), the spatial and temporal distributions of locking and slip rate deficit across the Haiyuan-Liupan Shan fault zone are inferred. In our model, we assume that the crustal deformation is caused by block rotation, horizontal strain rate within block and locking on block-bounding faults. The inversion results suggest that the Haiyuan fault zone has a left-lateral strike-slip rate deficit, the northern section of Liupan Shan has a thrust dip-slip rate deficit, while the southern section has a normal dip-slip rate deficit. The locking depths of Maomao Shan and west section of Laohu Shan are 25km during two periods, and the maximum left-lateral slip rate deficit is 6mm/a. The locking depths of east section of Laohu Shan and Haiyuan segment are shallow, and creep slip dominates them presently, which indicates that these sections are in the postseismic relaxation process of the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake. The Liupan Shan Fault has a locking depth of 35km with a maximum dip-slip rate deficit of 2mm/a. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the high slip rate deficit across Liupan Shan Fault migrated from its middle to northern section, and the range decreased, while its southern section had a normal-slip rate deficit. Our results show that the Maomao Shan Fault and west section of Laohu Shan Fault could accumulate strain rapidly and these sections are within the Tianzhu seismic gap. Although the Liupan Shan Fault accumulates strain slowly, a long time has been passed since last large earthquake, and it has accumulated high strain energy possibly. Therefore, the potential seismic risks of these segments are significantly high compared to other segments along the Haiyuan-Liupan Shan fault zone.     

哀牢山-红河剪切带左行走滑作用起始时间约束

位于哀牢山-红河剪切带NW延伸方向上的点苍山变质杂岩体遭受强烈的左行走滑剪切变形、变质作用改造,岩石中保存了典型的高温矿物组合以及由它们构成的宏观和微观高温变形构造特征,其中糜棱岩中具有极其发育的长石矿物拉伸线理而形成典型的L与LS型构造岩是其一个明显的特征。本文对点苍山地区高温糜棱岩主要矿物开展了显微构造与矿物变形、变形机制及组构分析,并对于遭受高温糜棱岩化改造的一个花岗质岩体开展了SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年分析。结果表明岩石中长石、角闪石、石英等主要矿物具有典型的达角闪岩相条件下的高温晶质塑性变形和动态生长特征,它们也为走滑剪切变形活动提供了充分的微观构造证据。对于点苍山高温糜棱岩化改造的眼球状或似斑状二长花岗岩的显微构造分析结果表明,这套花岗质岩石从走滑剪切前期岩浆的侵位之后经历了早期强烈的岩浆期后交代作用—亚岩浆流动—高温固态塑性剪切变形的递进演化过程。由此可见,岩浆的上升与就位受左行走滑剪切作用的制约,岩体又遭受了强烈剪切变形改造。同时对这套构造前期就位花岗质岩石中的锆石进行定年分析,获得33.88±0.32Ma的岩浆结晶年龄,为此,我们有充分的理由认为,在点苍山地区哀牢山-红河剪切带左行走滑剪切作用的起始时间至少应该为早渐新世30.88±0.32Ma。