滇中城市群不透水表面时空变化与反常气候现象研究

人类活动对全球气候变化的影响是学科前沿也是热点和难点,其中城市不透水表面（IS）的热岛、雨岛等气候现象是研究重点,但有关其他气候要素的研究尚有待开展。本文以全球30 m IS数据集(GAIA)和中国区0.1°地面气象要素数据集为数据源,通过Mann-Kendall（M-K）突变检验法和贝叶斯模型等方法,对滇中高原湖滨城市群在1985—2018年间IS的时空变化特征、气象要素变化与IS的关系,以及反常气候现象进行了刻画。结果表明,相较1985年滇中城市群的IS面积增加了227.56%,2007—2018年增长速度达到最快（89.85 km²/a）,主要在S、NE、SE、W 4个方向扩张;34 a滇中城市群气候整体经历冷湿（1985—1995年）、暖湿（1996—2006年）、暖干（2007—2018年）3个快速转化阶段;IS具有显著的“热岛现象（气温+0.63 ℃,长波+4.49 W m²）”“雨岛现象（降水+38.27 mm）”“湿岛现象（比湿+0.51 g/kg）”“风速低岛现象（风速-0.025 m/s）”和“气压高岛现象（气压+602.64 Pa）”;滇中城市群的长波辐射主要分布在313~329 W m²、比湿8.9~9.9 g/kg、气压76235~79946 Pa、短波186~194 W m²、降水840~876 mm和876~998 mm、风速2.08~2.38 m/s、气温13.85~15.85 ℃区间内,且显著受IS分布影响。IS对气压和湿度的影响具有“气压反温度现象”和“湿度反常现象”,这可能与副热带高压带控制、海拔和大型湖泊（湖陆风）影响有关。     

中天山早奥陶世弧岩浆岩的确定——来自桑树园子一带花岗质片麻岩年代学和地球化学证据

对新疆中天山东段桑树园子一带侵入中元古界星星峡群中的花岗质片麻岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,花岗质片麻岩原岩形成时代为(475.7±1.6) Ma,属早奥陶世岩浆活动产物,同时锆石25个测点中未发现有任何前寒武纪的残存锆石或时代信息.结合造岩矿物组合特征,认为其原岩为中-酸性侵入岩.岩石地球化学分析表明,花岗质片麻岩SiO2含量为62.45％～66.52％,K2O/Na2O变化于1.74～1.99,A/CNK值介于0.94～0.95,具高钾和弱过铝质的特征.稀土分布曲线呈右倾轻稀土富集型,弱的负铕异常,δEu值为0.69～0.76.岩石富集大离子亲石元素Rb,Sr,Ba,K等,亏损Nb和Ta等高场强元素及Ti和P,具Ⅰ型花岗岩特征.微量元素构造环境判别图解表明,花岗质片麻岩原岩可能形成于与俯冲有关的大陆边缘弧构造环境.结合岩石的锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果和区域地质背景,认为桑树园子花岗质片麻岩原岩可能是以干沟蛇绿岩为代表的中天山北缘古大洋向南俯冲的弧岩浆岩记录.     

Petrogenesis of collision-related plutonics in Central Anatolia, Turkey

Central Anatolia exhibits good examples of calc-alkaline and alkaline magmatism of similar age in a collision-related tectonic setting (continent–island arc collision). In the Central Anatolia region, late Cretaceous post-collisional plutonic rocks intrude Palaeozoic–Mesozoic metamorphic rocks overthrust by Upper Cretaceous ophiolitic units to make up the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex.

In the complex, three different intrusive rock types may be recognised based on their geochemical characteristics: (i) calc-alkaline (Behrekdag, Cefalikdag, and Celebi); (ii) subalkaline-transitional (Baranadag); and (ii) alkaline (Hamit). The calc-alkaline and subalkaline plutonic rocks are metaluminous I-type plutons ranging from monzodiorite to granite. The alkaline plutonic rocks are metaluminous to peralkaline plutons, predominantly A-type, ranging from nepheline monzosyenite to quartz syenite.

All intrusive rocks show enrichment in LILE and LREE relative to HFSE, and have high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios. These characteristics indicate an enriched mantle source region(s) carrying a subduction component inherited from pre-collision subduction events. The tectonic discrimination diagram of Rb vs. (Y+Nb) suggests that the calc-alkaline, subalkaline, and alkaline plutonic rocks have been affected by crustal assimilation combined with fractional crystallisation processes.

The coexistence of calc-alkaline and alkaline magmatism in the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex may be attributed to mantle source heterogeneity before collision. The former carries a smaller intraplate component and pre-subduction enrichment compared to the latter. Either thermal perturbation of the metasomatised lithosphere by delamination of the thermal boundary layer (TBL), or removal of a subducted plate (slab breakoff) is the likely mechanism for the initiation of the post-collisional magmatism in the Complex.     

吉林省南部太古宙花岗质岩石及其成因探讨

吉林省南部早太古宙高级区和晚太古宙花岗岩—绿岩带中的英云闪长岩、奥长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩等广泛发育,各岩体分布明显受太古宙边缘穹隆及中央卵形隆起控制。在岩石化学特征上明显反映出英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩和钙碱性两个演化趋势。经稀土模拟计算,英云闪长岩和奥长花岗岩可能由石英榴辉岩经10—40部分熔融形成。     

湖南中部早石炭世腕足动物组合及几个问题的讨论

对湘中下石炭统腕足动物群的系统研究表明,该地区的腕足动物群自下而上可划分为6个组合带;1.“plicatifera” tenuiplicaia Hou Ass.（Lower Toumaisian）,2.Unispiri-fer tournaicensis（Kon.）—Eochoristites alatus（Ching）Ass.（Middle Tournaisian）; 3．Finosp-irifer shaoyangensis（Ozaki）—Marginatia vaughani（Muir--Wood）Ass.（Upper Tournasian）;4.（?）itiliproductus groberi（Kren.）——Pugilis hunanensis（Ozaki）Ass.（Lower Visean）;5.Para-kansuella subrhomboidea Sp·nov.——Kansuella——Gigantoproductus maximus （M’coy）Ass．（UpperVisean）;6.Latiproductus latissimus（Sow.）—Gigantoproductus edelburgensis（Phillips）Ass.（Lower Namurian or Serpukhovian）.这些腕足动物大部分是特提斯区广泛分布的属种,能够与西欧,苏联等地的同时期动物群进行很好的对比.对邵东组腕足动物的研究表明,该组的地质时代属晚泥盆世末期.其所产腕足动物能很好地与西欧及苏联同期地层的腕足动物比较.研究表明,在湘中杜内与维宪阶的生物地层界线,根据腕足动物,应置于Finospirifer-marginatia动物群和Delepinea subcarinata—Megachonetes zimmermanni组合带之间,而不是过去认为的Eochoristives—Martiniella动     

川中广安地区上三叠统须六段储层特征及控制因素分析

广安地区上三叠统须六段为辫状河三角洲平原分流河道的大套砂岩复合体沉积,以中—细粒长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑砂岩为主;孔隙度主要分布在3%~15%之间,渗透率主要分布在0.01×10-3~1×10-3μm2之间。主、次分流河道为该区有效储层,复合砂体内渗透层与致密层交互分布形成了复杂的储层分布特征。在此基础上,结合成岩作用分析储层物性的影响因素认为,物源成分的不同影响储层发育富集区的分布,沉积演化特征控制储层发育层段,沉积微相控制层内非均质性。在煤系地层酸性环境下,强烈压实作用是形成普遍低渗的主要原因。主分流河道沉积的中、粗粒长石岩屑砂岩次生孔隙较发育,是主要的储层岩石类型。     

Early Cretaceous gabbroic rocks from the Taihang Mountains: Implications for a paleosubduction-related lithospheric mantle beneath the central North China Craton

SHRIMP zircon U–Pb ages and geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data are presented for the gabbroic intrusive from the southern Taihang Mountains to characterize the nature of the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the central North China Craton (NCC). The gabbroic rocks emplaced at 125 Ma and are composed of plagioclase (40–50%), amphibole (20–30%), clinopyroxene (10–15%), olivine (5–10%) and biotite (5–7%). Olivines have high MgO (Fo = 78–85) and NiO content. Clinopyroxenes are high in MgO and CaO with the dominant ones having the formula of En_42–46Wo_41–50Fs_8–13. Plagioclases are dominantly andesine–labradorite (An = 46–78%) and have normal zonation from bytownite in the core to andesine in the rim. Amphiboles are mainly magnesio and actinolitic hornblende, distinct from those in the Precambrian high-pressure granulites of the NCC. These gabbroic rocks are characterized by high MgO (9.0–11.04%) and SiO₂ (52.66–55.52%), and low Al₂O₃, FeOt and TiO₂, and could be classified as high-mg basaltic andesites. They are enriched in LILEs and LREEs, depleted in HFSEs and HREEs, and exhibit (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.70492–0.70539, ε_Nd(t) = − 12.47–15.07, (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i = 16.63–17.10, Δ8/4 = 70.1–107.2 and Δ7/4 = − 2.1 to − 9.4, i.e., an EMI-like isotopic signatures. Such geochemical features indicate that these early Cretaceous gabbroic rocks were originated from a refractory pyroxenitic veined-plus-peridotite source previously modified by an SiO₂-rich melt that may have been derived from Paleoproterozoic subducted crustal materials. Late Mesozoic lithospheric extension might have induced the melting of the metasomatised lithospheric mantle in response to the upwelling of the asthenosphere to generate these gabbroic rocks in the southern Taihang Mountains.     

内蒙古毕力赫斑岩型金矿成矿岩体地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究

毕力赫金矿位于中亚造山带东南段华北克拉通北缘白乃庙早古生代弧增生杂岩带内,该矿床为一个斑岩型矿床,成矿岩体为早中二叠世花岗闪长岩。文中对成矿岩体进行了主微量元素地球化学以及锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素研究。毕力赫花岗闪长岩具有安第斯型陆缘弧岩浆岩的地球化学亲缘性：岩体SiO2含量(质量分数)介于61.3%~64.4%,K2O/Na2O值介于0.52~0.87,A/CNK值介于0.82~0.95,属准铝高钾钙碱性系列岩石;岩体相对富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素,显示负Eu异常(δEu=0.50~1.03)。岩体浅部(zk086-53)与深部(zkI005-105)两个样品的锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为(268.1±1.8) Ma(MSWD=1.17,1σ)和(267.7±4.1) Ma(MSWD=1.06,1σ);继承锆石除外,样品中锆石εHf(t)值分别为3.2~8.7和-0.6~8.3,二阶段模式年龄TDM2分别为1 085~737 Ma和1 330~762 Ma。成矿岩体可能源于洋壳俯冲脱水导致的新生地壳部分熔融而产生的底侵中基性岩浆与由底侵导致的古老基底物质部分熔融形成的长英质岩浆的混合。     

Lithium isotopic composition of Central American Volcanic Arc lavas: implications for modification of subarc mantle by slab-derived fluids

Li contents and isotopic compositions were determined for a suite of well-characterized basaltic lavas from the Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA). Variable Li/Y (0.2–0.5), Li/Sc (0.1–0.4), and δ⁶Li values (+2.6 to −7.7‰) attest to significant compositional heterogeneity in the subarc mantle. Within specific arc segments, these parameters correlate strongly with each other and with a number of other constituents (e.g., K, Rb, Ba, B/La, ¹⁰Be/⁹Be, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, U/Ce, and ²³⁰Th/²³²Th, among others); these correlations are particularly strong for Nicaragua samples. Coupling of this particular set of constituents is best explained in terms of addition of ‘subduction components' to the subarc mantle. Moreover, their selective enrichment with respect to relatively fluid-immobile incompatible elements signifies the dominance of fluid vs. silicate melt transport of slab components to the subarc mantle. Several interesting nuances are revealed by the Li data. First, although Li and B are strongly correlated in both Costa Rica and Nicaragua, there are systematic along-strike variations in Li/B that are consistent with these elements having different ‘fluid release patterns' from subducted slab segments. For example, Li/B is highest in Costa Rica where auxiliary evidence indicates higher subduction zone temperatures; apparently B is preferentially depleted and Li retained in the slab under warmer conditions. The same relations are reflected in Li/¹⁰Be and other subduction tracer systematics, all of which point to larger subduction contributions below Nicaragua. Yet, even Nicaragua lavas vary widely in levels of subduction enrichment. High-Ti basalts from Nejapa are the least enriched and have the highest δ⁶Li (1.4 to 2.6‰); these values are greater than in fresh MORB (ca. −4‰) and are not easily explained by additions of subducted Li because most oceanic crustal rocks and marine sediments have lower δ⁶Li than MORB (with typical values between −8 and −20‰). Thus, it appears the Nejapa data may be representative of isotopically light mantle domains. Relatively light δ⁶Li values in an undepleted spinel lherzolite (+11.3‰) from Zabargad Is. (Red Sea) and in primitive backarc basalts (−1.6 to −0.5‰) from Lau Basin support this conclusion. Considering representative fluid and mantle endmember compositions, the CAVA data are consistent with limited (up to a few percent) additions of slab-derived fluids to a heterogeneous mantle containing variably depleted and enriched domains to form the respective magma sources. In our view, the subarc mantle is heterogeneous on a small scale, but some arc sectors clearly received greater slab inputs than others.     

川中丘陵水旱轮作土壤—小麦系统CO_2排放及其影响因素

利用静态箱/气相色谱法对川中丘陵区水旱轮作区的小麦进行全生长季CO_2排放观测。结果表明:①土壤—小麦系统的CO_2排放通量存在着明显的日变化。凌晨4:00～6:00排放量最低,随着温度的升高,CO_2的排放量逐渐增大,在午后1:00～3:00达到峰值。分析表明,气温和地表温度与土壤—小麦系统CO_2排放通量之间存在显著的相关关系。②土壤—小麦系统CO_2排放都有明显的季节变化。分析表明,小麦生物量和气温与土壤—小麦系统CO_2排放季节变化之间存在显著的相关关系。③在小麦各个生育期中,CO_2平均排放通量常规处理>无氮处理>空白>裸地。水早轮作区小麦常规处理、无氮处理、空白点和裸地的CO_2排放通量的平均值分别为574.51、362.23、239.92、129.47 mg/(m~2·h)。