考虑井阻时空变化的竖井地基非线性固结解析解

软土固结过程中展现出明显的非线性压缩和渗透特性,同时竖井的淤堵效应常导致井阻在固结过程中随深度和时间不断演化,但目前能考虑井阻随时空演化的竖井地基非线性固结解析解还很鲜见。通过引入孔隙比与有效应力及孔隙比与渗透系数间的半对数模型描述了土体的非线性固结特性,建立了能同时考虑井阻随时空变化和涂抹影响的竖井地基非线性固结模型,并采用分离变量法获得了固结模型的解析解。将特定参数下固结解的计算结果与实测数据、已有的竖井地基固结解答进行了对比分析以验证其可靠性。最后,对竖井地基的非线性固结性状开展了大量计算分析。结果表明：竖井渗透系数随深度线性衰减越明显则地基固结速率越慢;外荷载一定时,随着软土压缩指数c_c与渗透率指数c_k之比的增大,竖井地基固结速度减慢;在c_c /c_k值不变的情况下,外荷载增加,地基固结速率加快。在涂抹区的3种径向渗透系数变化模式中,抛物线变化模式下的地基固结速度最快,线性变化模式下的地基固结速度次之,恒定模式下的地基固结速度最慢,且这种性状并不因为考虑井阻变化或土体非线性固结特性而发生改变。     

基于变步长加速搜索的微震源定位方法

微震定位方法是微震监测技术的重要组成部分,其关键是定位震源位置。利用空间网格划分并计算网格交点目标函数值,对微震定位目标函数二维及三维空间分布进行了分析,并据此获取了目标函数连续且极小值唯一、单轴收敛范围逐步减小、各轴收敛范围不一的规律。利用以上规律及模式搜索法、网格搜索法的优缺点,探索出了基于连续比较模块、变步长模块、加速模块的变步长加速搜索法。通过模拟算例与工程数据下收敛稳定性、结果精确度、计算速度以及参数初始值影响程度4个指标的效果对比,结果表明：模拟算例下,对比模拟退火算法、遗传算法,变步长加速搜索法的目标函数值标准差、定位误差标准差、波速误差标准差均为0;该算法的定位误差平均值分别为其余二者的0.7%、1.9%;该算法的计算时间平均值分别为其余二者的6.9%、33.2%。该算法单独更改各参数对定位误差的影响在0.005～0.025 m之间;减小搜索步长下限可有效提高结果精确度,并增加相应的计算时间。在规定初至到时与目标函数模型及检波器位置坐标下,搜索算法对定位精度无实质影响。     

基于“天地图·黑土地”的变量施肥研究

以黎明镇境内34 km2的范围为研究区,以1 161个表层土壤样本K,N,P元素含量为研究对象,以1∶2 000航摄影像为基础地理信息数据,利用地统计方法分析研究区内表层土壤养分元素的空间分布特征,并针对分析结果为研究区制作变量处方图。在"天地图·黑土地"平台实现空间插值图、变量处方图的在线展示,有利于提高农业生产效率和耕地的单位面积产量。     

等价观测理论的可变参数序贯平差模型

针对序贯平差中常遇到的未知参数增减的问题,文章提出了基于等价观测理论的可变参数序贯平差模型,并进一步得出其对应的验后单位权中误差模型,其公式形式要比传统模型简单得多,非常便于计算机编程实现;采用卫星高度角模型作为单点定位验前随机模型,较好地减少了卫星观测值的随机误差。最后采用等价模型和传统模型分别对GPS/GLONASS静态单点定位不同的伪距观测值组合进行解算,实验结果表明:所提出模型的定位解算结果与传统模型完全一致,且其精度与传统模型相当,具有较强的实用性。     

攀西地区层状岩体套叠式韵律的分形研究

套叠式韵律是攀西层状岩体的重要特征,它在岩相、矿物、结构、元素含量和斜长石牌号等各方面都有表现。本文阐述了套叠式韵律最为明显的岩相和元素含量特征,并采用分形中的关联维方法对白马岩体数据进行计算。从计算结果可知：形成ＭｇＯ的套叠式韵律需要有５个状态变量控制：ＳｉＯ２、ＴｉＯ２、Ｖ２Ｏ３、Ｓ等元素的套叠式韵律的形成受７个状态变量的控制,推测岩体韵律的形成受７个状态变量控制。其中有两个状态变量对ＭｇＯ影响不大。ＩｎＣ（ｒ）—Ｉｎｒ曲线近似为一直线,表明该岩体韵律可用分形的方法研究     

定向独立权模型及其在矿产资源预测中的应用

提出了一种矿产资源靶区定位预测统计方法－定向独立权法。该方法将统计单元关联度定义为诸地质变量的线性组合,即Ｙ＝Ｘｄ．通过研究地质变量作用于评价目标参考变量（例如,矿化强度、矿床和矿点数目或规模等）的方向和相对大小来确定诸地质变量的权系数ｄ;用统计单元之间的关联度（Ｙ）评价资源靶区的优劣。     

谱分析的CLEAN方法及其在激变变星TT Ari短周期振荡分析中的应用

对适用于非等间隔时间序列的一维ＣＬＥＡＮ谱分析方法进行了研究。用模拟信号进行了检验,证实了它也适用于有噪声的序列,但谱质量和噪声强度密切相关,把这种方法应用到激变变变星ＴＴ Ａｒｉ的测光资料分析中,检测到近２０ｍｉｎ周期的准周期振荡。     

2.5-dimensional crosshole acoustic response: a variable density approach

This paper presents the development of a 2.5-D simulation technique for acoustic wave propagation in media with variable density and velocity. A comparative study of the 2-D and 2.5-D responses of a model reveals the spatially and temporally damped nature of the 2.5-D acoustic wave equations. The simulated results for constant and variable density models show that the density variation affects only the reflectivity of the layer. The computational cost for variable density models is 2.17 and 2.26 times that for constant density models for the 2.5-D and 2-D cases, respectively. Furthermore, the 2.5-D computational cost in the time domain is only about 10–15 per cent more than that for two dimensions, so this modest increase in computational cost can avoid the exorbitant 3-D computational cost.
Snapshots for a crosshole geometry were computed at various times in order to study the effect of heterogeneity on the amplitude and shape of the wave front. Extensive analysis of an oil-bearing reservoir with and without the inclusion of a gas zone was performed using a point source as well as multiple sources. In addition, the effects of the thickness of a low-velocity layer (oil-bearing) and of the location of the source have been studied. It is concluded from the numerical response that the waveguide action of the low-velocity layer depends on its thickness in terms of the dominant wavelength. Trapping of waves was not observed when the source was outside the low-velocity layer. Furthermore, the presence of heterogeneity in the low-velocity layer contributes considerably to the leakage of energy in the adjacent layers due to scattering/diffraction. It was found that, in the 2.5-D numerical simulation, the stability condition and the requirement of the number of grid points per wavelength to avoid grid dispersion are the same as for the 2-D case.     

压缩载荷下准脆性材料宏细观损伤变量研究

在连续损伤力学的基本框架内构建损伤力学模型,而对损伤变量的定义及其演化方程的描述则充分借鉴细观损伤力学的研究成果,就可以建立一个宏细观相结合的损伤模型。对于压缩载荷下准脆性材料损伤,通过假设宏观损伤分析和细观损伤分析所得到的有效弹性张量等价,可以求得宏观损伤变量与细观损伤机制相关的表达及其损伤演化方程,进而可以建立宏细观相结合的损伤模型,并以单轴压缩为例表明这种分析方法是可行的。     

Discriminant analysis of the geomorphic characteristics and stability of landslide dams

Landslides can cause the formation of dams, but these dams often fail soon after lake formation. Thus, rapidly evaluating the stability of a landslide dam is crucial for effective hazard mitigation. This study utilizes discriminant analysis based on a Japanese dataset consisting of 43 well documented landslide dams to determine the significant variables, including log-transformed peak flow (or catchment area), and log-transformed dam height, width and length in hierarchical order, which affect the stability of a landslide dam. The high overall prediction power (88.4% of the 43 training cases are correctly classified) and the high cross-validation accuracy (86%) demonstrate the robustness of the proposed discriminant models PHWL (with variables including log-transformed peak flow, and log-transformed dam height, width and length) and AHWL (with variables including log-transformed catchment area, and log-transformed dam height, width and length). Compared to a previously proposed “DBI” index-based graphic approach, the discriminant model AHV – which uses the log-transformed catchment area, dam height, and dam volume as relevant variables – shows better ability to evaluate the stability of landslide dams. Although these discriminant models are established using a Japanese dataset only, the present multivariate statistical approach can be applied for an expanded dataset without any difficulty when more completely documented worldwide landslide-dam data are available.