空间目标的方向关系定性推理

由于空间问题固有的复杂性和不确定性,空间关系的描述和推理普遍采用定性的方法来符合人们的认知。方向关系是一类重要的空间关系,以往对方向关系的定性推理大多在2个参照系下进行,将目标对象抽象为点或者认为目标的大小近似相等。为了更细致地推理方向关系,提出四种不同情况下基于1个参照系的定性方向关系推理方法,并就本方法存在的问题和今后的研究方向提出了一些看法和思路。     

中文文本中时间信息解析方法

探讨了基于触发词汇和规则模型相结合的中文文本中时间信息解析方法。通过分析、归纳中文文本中时间信息描述特点,构建时间词汇词典和时间信息描述模式库,设计时间信息抽取、规范化表达和语义推理算法,实现了中文文本中时间信息的解析。实验结果表明,中文文本中时间信息抽取的准确率、召回率和F1值分别为75.00%、88.24%和40.54%,为泛在时空信息动态关联更新和实时挖掘分析提供数据源,且通过与空间维数据有机地、交互地组织,能够实时展现地理现象和事物的时空演化过程、时空分布特征,从而推动地理信息检索、LBS等地理信息服务向动态化、多维化方向发展。     

双投影矩阵模型的方向关系组合推理研究

将三维空间中的参照物体分别向xoy和xoz平面投影,得到的最小外接矩形将两个平面都划分成9个区域,用两个三行三列矩阵联合表示目标物体投影与两个参考区域的相交情况,据此提出了双投影方向关系矩阵模型。基于该模型,利用矩阵的计算性能,提出了一种三维空间方向关系的组合推理方法,解决了方向关系的组合推理问题。     

NEW PUBLICATIONS

Ten Years o f Physicogeographic Research in Hungary

Antarctic Snow and Ice Studies     

A case-based reasoning approach for task-driven spatial–temporally aware geospatial data discovery through geoportals

ABSTRACT

There is a critical need to develop a means for fast, task-driven discovery of geospatial data found in geoportals. Existing geoportals, however, only provide metadata-based means for discovery, with little support for task-driven discovery, especially when considering spatial–temporal awareness. To address this gap, this paper presents a Case-Based Reasoning-supported Geospatial Data Discovery (CBR-GDD) method and implementation that accesses geospatial data by tasks. The advantages of the CBR-GDD approach is that it builds an analogue reasoning process that provides an internal mechanism bridging tasks and geospatial data with spatial–temporal awareness, thus providing solutions based on past tasks. The CBR-GDD approach includes a set of algorithms that were successfully implemented via three components as an extension of geoportals: ontology-enhanced knowledge base, similarity assessment model, and case retrieval nets. A set of experiments and case studies validate the CBR-GDD approach and application, and demonstrate its efficiency.     

An algebraic approach to automated geospatial information fusion

This paper presents a new technique for information fusion. Unlike most previous work on information fusion, this paper explores the use of instance‐level (extensional) information within the fusion process. This paper proposes an algorithm that can be used automatically to infer the schema‐level structure necessary for information fusion from instance‐level information. The approach is illustrated using the example of geospatial land‐cover data. The method is then extended to operate under uncertainty, such as in cases where the data are inaccurate or imprecise. The paper describes the implementation of the fusion method within a software prototype. Finally, the paper discusses several key topics for future research, including applications of this work to spatial‐data mining and the semantic web.     

基于范例推理的公路隧道拱顶变形时序支持向量机外延预测

针对公路隧道拱顶变形预测模型的普适性与外推预测的准确性,提出了基于人工智能推理的隧道工程属性（地理位置、监测位置、隧道高宽比、围岩级别和埋深）与拱顶变形时序曲线原子矩阵的相似范例检索方法,并在深入分析了获取的相似范例特征的基础上,进一步以LPG新核函数支持向量机建立先验知识的预测模型。应用该方法对通渝隧道工程K19+994断面拱顶下沉进行了预测与评估。结果表明,对于不同隧道间或同一隧道不同区段预判拱顶变形或收敛,基于范例推理能够获知良好的先验背景知识,且以此进行的支持向量机预测模型学习的回归内插（1～14步序）的平均相对误差为1.36%,而一次性外推预测15 d内的8个变形值（16～30步序）的平均相对精度为97.28%,证实了方法的可靠性     

Characterizing instability of aeolian environments using analytical reasoning

This short communication describes the development and application of analytical reasoning to quantify instability of an aeolian environment using scale‐dependent information coupled with conceptual knowledge of process and feedback mechanisms. Specifically, a simple Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) for aeolian landscape instability was developed that represents conceptual knowledge of key biophysical processes and feedbacks. Model inputs include satellite‐derived surface biophysical and geomorphometric parameters. FCMs are a knowledge‐based artificial intelligence (AI) technique that merges fuzzy logic and neural computing in which knowledge or concepts are structured as a web of relationships that is similar to both human reasoning and the human decision‐making process. Given simple process–form relationships, the analytical reasoning model is able to map the influence of land management practices and the geomorphology of the inherited surface on aeolian instability within the South Texas Sand Sheet. Results suggest that FCMs can be used to formalize process–form relationships and information integration analogous to human cognition with future iterations accounting for the spatial interactions and temporal lags across the sand sheets. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于空间拓扑关系的城市交通网络层次结构推理

研究了矢量数据的拓扑网络的层次等级，对几个典型城市的交通网络结构进行了拓扑邻接分析和拓扑等级数的计算，利用这些参数分析了城市空间结构的一般规律。