Effects of mineral-organic fertilizer on the biomass of green Chinese cabbage and potential carbon sequestration ability in karst areas of Southwest China

The karst mountain areas of Southwest China contain barren farmland soils and suffer from nutritional and water deficiencies that affect crop productivity. Hence,it is imperative to apply suitable fertilizers to restore soil fertility and maintain crop yield. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of mineral-organic fertilizer(MOF)made of potassic rock and organic waste on the growth of crops. For this purpose, green Chinese cabbage grown using three different fertilization methods including MOF,inorganic fertilizer(IF), and a control was evaluated. We determined soil water content, agronomic characteristics,and biomass of green Chinese cabbage in different treatments. Furthermore, surface runoff from the pot experiments and soil leachate from pot experiments were collected to determine water temperature, pH, and cation and anion concentrations. The results demonstrate thatMOF can improve the soil water-holding capacity of soil,and the basic agronomic characteristics of the cabbage treated with MOF were superior to those with IF. Using MOF can promote the increase in cabbage biomass.Additionally, the concentration of inorganic carbon(largely in the form of HCO_3^-) in surface runoff water treated by MOF was higher than the other treatments, establishing carbon sequestration potential. This work provides a novel and environmentally friendly fertilization pattern in karst areas, which will improve crop yield and also increase the carbon sequestration potential of crops.     

藏南羊卓雍错湖面大气湍流特征观测分析

湍流运动是大气边界层的本质特征,是地表与大气之间能量和物质交换的主要方式.本文利用2016和2017年4-10月藏南羊卓雍错湖泊涡动观测资料,分析了湖面大气湍流方差和湍流特征量的统计和变化特征.结果表明：（1）不稳定层结下,三维风速分量和超声虚温、水汽密度、CO₂密度的无量纲标准差随稳定度变化符合Monin-Obukhov相似理论的"1/3"或"-1/3"次幂律,垂直风速的拟合效果最好;稳定层结下,除CO₂密度无量纲标准差与稳定度无明显关系外,其他量基本上满足相似性规律;中性条件下,以上物理量的无量纲标准差分别趋近常数：3.57、3.93、0.77、20.91、6.35和11.96.（2）水平方向平均湍流强度（0.60和0.58）大于垂直方向（0.13）,三维方向湍流强度与平均风速的变化呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.39、-0.42和-0.34.（3）湖面湍流动能随风速呈线性增长,增长率达0.45 m/s;近中性层结时湍流动能最大,层结越稳定或不稳定湍流动能均减小.（4）湖泊下午到傍晚动量输送较强,13：00-22：30时间段平均动量通量达0.091 kg/（m·s²）;热量输送以潜热为主,潜热通量日平均值（77.3 W/m²）是感热通量（14.6 W/m²）的5.3倍,感热和潜热通量日变化峰值分别出现在5：30（22.4 W/m²）和16：00（106.6 W/m²）.     

南大洋海-气CO_2通量研究进展

南大洋是全球最重要的CO2汇区之一。准确估算南大洋及其各海区的海-气CO2通量,是全球碳循环研究的重要内容,其对预测和评估未来南大洋在全球变暖日益加剧的背景下发挥的作用有重要意义。但由于南大洋广阔的海域,恶劣的气候条件、自身复杂的水文物理及地球化学过程等原因,目前对南大洋的CO2通量的评估不一而足,存在较大差异和不确定性。本文讨论了南大洋海-气CO2通量的估算方法和各个海域海-气CO2通量研究的最新进展,并分析了南大洋海-气CO2通量的控制及影响因素。目前对南大洋的年吸收量估计为大约在0.1-0.6PgCyr-1,同时,所有的研究都表明,其存在极大的年度变化性。并且,由于各个海区受到生物、物理和水文等各方面的影响,表层海水CO2分压(pCO2)表现出极大的时空变异性。     

Untersuchungen zur adsorptiven Abtrennung von leichtflüchtigen chlorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen (LCKW) aus huminstoffhaltigen Wässern mit neuartigen Adsorberpolymeren und Aktivkohlen. Teil II:: Dynamik der Adsorption

Investigations of the Adsorptive Separation of Volatile Chlorinated Hydrocarbons (VCHC) from Water with Humic Substance by Novel Polymeric Adsorbents and Activated Carbons. Part II: Dynamics of Adsorption In this publication, the dynamics of adsorption of different volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VCHC) (1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethene) and a humic substance from water as well as of these VCHC from water with humic substance onto novel polymeric ad-[QJ][HR] sorbents (WOFATIT EP 63, DOWEX XUS 43493, MACRONET MN 100 and MN 200) was studied in comparison to activated carbons (NORIT ROW 0.8 SUPRA, PRECOLITH BKK 3, HYDRAFFIN CG). The obtained breakthrough curves and the following predicted characteristic values reveal that the polymeric adsorbents do not remove or remove the humic substance only with low adsorption capacity in contrast to the activated carbons. At the adsorption of the VCHC from water with humic substance it was determined that the influence of the humic substance on the adsorption capacity is substantially less on polymeric adsorbents than on activated carbons.     

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) as a Sum Parameter of Water Pollution in Selected Polish Rivers (Vistula,Odra, and Warta)

This paper reports on total organic carbon (TOC) and its fractions dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) studied in different Polish rivers. The samples investigated came from the Vistula, Odra, and Warta rivers, and were compared with similar data on river waters available in the literature. The DOC concentrations ranged from 10.0 to 14.2 mg/L and did not vary during the vegetative season. The POC values considerably increased from May through September and reached a maximum in summer. Results for the years 1991τ1996 evidenced a significant increase in the POC value for the Polish rivers from 10.8 to 24.5 mg/L, in comparison with analogous values for West European rivers and North American ones. The enhanced values of TOC and POC were interpreted as being due to anthropogenic pollution.     

Methane fluxes and gas hydrates as well as seismic activity in the Okhotsk Sea

The research works of methane concentration in water column of the Okhotsk Sea from 1984 to 2005 were reviewed. And some regularities of methane distribution in water column in the North-East Sakhalin slope of the Okhotsk Sea were concluded.     

Carbon and oxygen isotopic constraints on paleoclimate and paleoelevation of the southwestern Qaidam basin,northern Tibetan Plateau

We investigate the growth of the northern Tibetan Plateau and associated climate change by applying oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions in Cenozoic strata in the southwestern Qaidam basin. The X-ray diffraction and isotopic studies reveal that the carbonate minerals are mainly authigenic and they do not preserve any evidence for detrital carbonate and diagenesis. The isotope data show large fluctuations in the δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values in the middle–late Eocene, indicating relatively warm and seasonal dry climate. The positive correlation of the δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values in the Oligocene and the positive shift of the δ¹³C values from the Eocene to Oligocene suggest that the climate changed to arid in the Oligocene. However, the δ¹⁸O values show negative shift, which is closely related to the global cooling event. During the Miocene, the δ¹³C values vary between –2‰ and –4‰, whereas the δ¹⁸O values show continuous negative shift. The mean δ¹⁸O values decrease from –8.5‰ in the early Miocene to –10.0‰ in the late Miocene. The stable isotope-based paleoaltimetry results suggest that the elevation of the southwestern Qaidam basin was approximately 1500 m in the middle–late Eocene and Oligocene. Subsequently, during Miocene the crustal uplift process started and the elevation reached approximately 2000 m in the early Miocene and 2500 m in the late Miocene, which suggests large-scale growth of the northern Tibet Plateau during the Miocene.     

中近磁尾等离子体片统计特性研究

本文使用Cluster-C1卫星的CIS仪器和FGM仪器测量得到的质子通量数据和计算的β数据,判断Cluster卫星在地球磁尾不同位置位于等离子体片内的概率.使用2001—2004年7—11月的Cluster-C1数据,分别在行星际磁场南向和北向时,得出X-10RE区域内卫星位于等离子体片的概率在Y-Dz平面的分布图(Dz是卫星到中性片的距离).通过对比行星际磁场南向和北向时的卫星位于等离子体片的概率的分布图,我们发现等离子体片在行星际磁场南向时比在行星际磁场北向时要薄,并且这个效应在磁尾晨昏两侧比在午夜附近明显,同时我们还发现等离子体片在晨侧比在昏侧厚.     

北京城区二氧化碳浓度和通量的梯度变化特征——I浓度与虚温

根据北京塔7层涡动系统2012年5月至2013年12月的湍流观测数据,分析了北京城区二氧化碳浓度在不同高度层次的日变化和月变化特征,并初步给出不同季节和日变化时间段内二氧化碳的浓度垂直廓线.结果表明:二氧化碳浓度整体随高度而下降;各观测层均有浓度的明显日变化,夏季最为明显,冬季相对平缓;近地层浓度直接受城市供暖、地表植被、交通运输等碳源影响,更高观测层浓度则受对流输送和天气过程影响较大;垂直方向上,冬季浓度变化范围最大,夏季层间浓度变化最明显;在一天中的任何时刻,近地面层二氧化碳浓度的日变化最低值一般出现在夏季,50m以上则出现在春季,浓度最高值总是出现在冬季;根据对二氧化碳浓度四季垂直廓线变化的分析可以看出,边界层二氧化碳浓度强烈受到碳源、下垫面植被、大气稳定度、环境温度和天气过程等因素的影响.     

Quantifying and modelling the carbon sequestration capacity of seagrass meadows – A critical assessment

Seagrasses are among the planet’s most effective natural ecosystems for sequestering (capturing and storing) carbon (C); but if degraded, they could leak stored C into the atmosphere and accelerate global warming. Quantifying and modelling the C sequestration capacity is therefore critical for successfully managing seagrass ecosystems to maintain their substantial abatement potential. At present, there is no mechanism to support carbon financing linked to seagrass. For seagrasses to be recognised by the IPCC and the voluntary C market, standard stock assessment methodologies and inventories of seagrass C stocks are required. Developing accurate C budgets for seagrass meadows is indeed complex; we discuss these complexities, and, in addition, we review techniques and methodologies that will aid development of C budgets. We also consider a simple process-based data assimilation model for predicting how seagrasses will respond to future change, accompanied by a practical list of research priorities.