桓仁地区金属矿床特征及其找矿方向初步探讨

桓仁地区位于辽宁省东部,大地构造位置处于辽东台背斜太子河浑江古坳陷的东端,北邻铁岭―靖宇古隆起,南部与营口―宽甸古隆起毗邻。区内构造异常复杂,各期构造活动均有不同程度的表现,有吕梁期、加里东期、海西期、燕山期等,其中燕山期构造活动尤为突出。区内矿产主要为铜铅锌多金属矿床,类型分为矽卡岩型及热液型两类。矽卡岩矿床呈EW向分布于燕山期侵入岩体周围;热液型矿床主要分布于酸性-碱性侵入体的两侧,呈NE向分布;钼矿不仅呈NE向分布于酸-碱性岩脉两侧,还充填于节理裂隙中。     

数字水深模型多尺度表达方法研究

针对现有数字水深模型(DDM)多尺度表达过程中由于单一固守"安全性"准则所导致的DDM表达精度不高和DDM产品形式单一及使用范围受限的问题,该文在简要介绍二维滚动圆变换及其在等深线化简中的应用的基础上,通过对二维滚动圆变换的维数扩展,提出了滚动球变换的概念。经过大量的计算推导,得到了正(负)向滚动球变换的不同组合方式,实现了既可以顾及"安全性"准则,又能够满足"保真性"需求的DDM多尺度表达方法。该方法可以提高测深数据的利用率和数据表达精度,适应多领域不同层次的DDM应用需求。     

一种修正的SeaWinds散射计圆中数滤波法

利用最大似然法(MLE)对SeaWinds散射计数据反演得出的风矢量一般存在2—4个模糊解,而且第1模糊解构成的风场在轨道外侧区域容易出现块状模糊,所以不能像SASS和NSCAT等散射计那样,以第1模糊解初始化风场后用圆中数滤波法进行模糊去除。文章根据SeaWinds散射计第1模糊解的空间分布特性,对传统圆中数滤波法进行了修正,使之适合SeaWinds散射计的模糊去除,即在缺乏参考数据进行初始化的前提下,能够有效去除块状模糊问题。     

烃源岩油气藏的圈层效应特征、差异成藏机制与有序分布模式

近源找油、进源勘探是未来油气勘探的方向。目前近源找油、进源勘探还面临很大的风险,主要原因是对烃源岩附近,尤其是烃源岩内的油气成藏条件、成藏机理、分布规律认识不到位。重新定义了烃源岩系统和烃源岩油气藏的概念,认为一个烃源岩系统就是一个独立的油气成藏单元,而烃源岩油气藏为赋存于烃源岩系统内的油气聚集。划分出常规油气藏与非常规油气藏两大类,泥岩裂缝油气藏等6种烃源岩油气藏,受构造控制,造就了它们独有的形成机制和特定的分布规律,形成了横向并列成圈、纵向有序成串、上下分层过渡、常规与非常规差异机理成藏和有序共生的圈层结构特征：即从内圈的深湖相页岩油气藏、浊积砂岩性油气藏,到中圈的半深湖相的致密油气藏,再到外圈的浅湖-半深湖过渡相的岩性尖灭油气藏分布序列。成藏机制上,也形成了内圈的页岩油气藏以原地连续性“滞留”与微运移“停留”,中圈的致密油气藏以大面积初次运移“停留”、外圈的岩性尖灭油气藏以浮力二次运移“截流”为特征的有序成藏机理序列。明确了页岩油气藏甜点区位于深盆区内圈前三角洲相带的具有“优势组构-滞留烃超越效应”的区域;致密油气藏甜点区位于深盆区中圈三角洲前缘相带的具有“优势孔缝耦合”的区域;...     

Quantifying urban water supply security under global change

Urban water supply security is commonly measured in terms of per capita water availability at the city level. However, the actual services that citizens receive are influenced by several components, including (1) a city's access to water, (2) infrastructure for its treatment, storage and distribution, (3) financial capital for building and maintaining infrastructure, and (4) management efficacy for regulating and operating the water system. These four types of "capital" are required for the provision of public water supply services. A fifth capital “community adaptation” is needed when public services are insufficient. Here, we develop and test an integrated framework for the quantification of urban water supply security based on these five capitals. “Security” involves three dimensions: 1) the level of system function (i.e., supply services); 2) risks to these services; and 3) robustness of system functioning. We apply this Capital Portfolio Approach (CPA) to seven urban case studies selected from a wide range of hydro-climatic and socio-economic regions on four continents. Detailed data on urban water infrastructure and services were collected in two cities, and key stakeholder interviews and household surveys were conducted in one city. Additional cities were assessed based on publicly available utility and globally available datasets. We find that in cities with high levels of public services, adaptive capacity remains inactive, while cities with high levels of water insecurity rely on community adaptation for self-provision of services. Inequality in the capacity to adapt leads to variable levels of urban water security and the vulnerability of the urban poor. Results demonstrate the applicability of the presented framework for the assessment of individual urban water systems, as well as for cross-city comparison of any type of cities. We discuss implications for policy and decision-making.     

基于共享社会经济路径的中国经济发展趋势及其影响要素分析

基于最新的经济和人口普查及逐年统计年鉴,采用柯布?道格拉斯(Cobb-Douglas)经济预测模型,分析了共享社会经济路径(SSPs)框架下中国“全面二孩”政策后2010—2100年经济发展趋势,并解析了劳动投入量、资本投入量和全要素生产率对经济发展的贡献率。研究发现：(1)不同的社会经济发展政策下,21世纪中国经济均呈增加趋势,GDP增速在2030年前基本维持在6%上下,但2030—2060年代迅速下降,2070年代起SSP1和SSP4路径下增幅低于0.5%,SSP2、SSP3和SSP5路径下增幅保持在0.5%~1.5%。(2)影响经济发展的三要素中,劳动投入量在SSP3路径下先减后增,于2060年代达到谷值;在其他路径下均先增后减,于2020年代达到峰值。资本投入量在SSP1路径下持续增加,2080年代起趋于平缓;其他路径下均呈持续增加趋势,但在SSP4路径下,在2060和2070年代有所下降。全要素生产率在所有路径下均呈增加趋势。(3)改革开放以来,资本投入量是影响我国经济增长最主要的因素。未来,SSP1和SSP2路径下,全要素生产率逐渐成为经济发展的主导因素;而SSP5路径下,资本投入量仍是影响经济发展的主要因素。     

日本3·11大震前后首都圈地区跨断层水准的变形特征及成因探讨

以跨断层水准实测资料为基础,分析2011-03-11日本东部Mw9.0大震前后首都圈地区(114°~119°E,39°~41°N)地壳垂向变形特征。通过构建首都圈地区三维有限元模型,初步探讨跨越不同几何结构断层的测线所表现出的变形特征的动力学成因。结果表明:1)首都圈地区跨断层水准资料表现出群体性变形特征,反映相同的断层运动性质;2)NNE-NE向断层的上盘相对下盘垂向下降,NW向断层上盘相对下盘同样垂向下降,表征着首都圈地区NNE-NE、NW向断层受到不同程度的张性应力作用;3)数值模拟给出的不同方向跨断层测线的垂向变化结果同样表现出与实测结果较为一致的断层正断运动性质,即断层上盘相对下盘垂向下降;4)日本Mw9.0大震造成首都圈地区近E-W向的张性应力是产生首都圈地区跨断层水准资料群体性变化的主要原因。     

Networks of capital: Reframing knowledge in the Namibian hake fishery

This paper explores the failures of the quota allocation system in the hake fishery in Walvis Bay, Namibia through an examination of the complex processes that link commodities, labour, production, markets, and knowledge in the industrial setting. The relationships between state regulations and public nature point to a specific engagement in which nature is divided, distributed, and owned, namely through the market driven prospects of transferable quotas. This article examines fishing quota as a set of relations that links the transformation of fish from biological organism to global product and thus weaves science, the state, markets, and social relationships into an entanglement of different forms of capital. In this context, the tension between the quota holder, the value of that quota, and their participation in the industry reflects a complex network of capital mediated through various strategies. Based on ethnographic research in the Namibian trawl sector, this article surfaces these modes of capital in the dynamics of the fishing operations. As such, the fishing industry, the company that holds the fishing rights, the government׳s role in quota allocations, the vessels, gear, and technologies, and the relationships and roles of the crewmembers and skippers׳ knowledge all contribute to a particular formulation of fishing practices. Fisher׳s knowledge in industrial fishing practices becomes a site in which to explore the consequences of ITQs that may also begin to destabilise the neoliberal business model for fisheries in times of crisis.     

安徽省会经济圈碳排放强度与生态补偿研究

通过对1997年和2007年碳排放强度分析,揭示安徽省会经济圈内各市县对碳排放的影响和区域差异,根据相关固碳价格计算省会经济圈市县的生态补偿标准。研究结果显示:(1)省会经济圈总体上为碳汇区,1997—2007年间碳排放总量增加1 049.9万t,年均增长14.4%,其中,合肥市碳排放量增长最大。(2)2007年经济圈内地均建设用地碳排放强度和地均碳排放强度分别增加为1997年的2.18,2.41倍。1997—2007年,省会经济圈内的碳排放量、地均碳排放强度和地均建设用地碳排放都呈现合肥市>巢湖市>六安市。(3)经济圈内各县市地均碳排放强度差异显著,建设用地平均碳排放强度以合肥市最高(784 t/hm2),其次是霍山县和金寨县,其他区域的建设用地平均碳排放强度相差不大。(4)2007年合肥市提供的生态补偿标准是12.8～105.1亿元,六安市和巢湖市得到的生态补偿标准范围分别为31.9～278.1,0.6～13.8亿元;各县市生态补偿差异也很大。