口虾蛄超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的组织特异性研究

以口虾蛄为材料进行研究，用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法，对其肌肉、心脏、腹鳃、肝胰腺及眼球5种组织器官进行超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶的研究分析。结果表明：不同组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的同工酶谱带存在差异，具有明显的组织特异性。眼球、腹鳃、肝胰腺和心脏中有2条酶带，肌肉中几乎不表达，心脏中SOD2和肝胰腺中SODl谱带表达最浓，而腹鳃中的酶带表达最弱。     

黄酮类化合物分析方法概述

主要综述了黄酮类化合物的分析方法。重点介绍了分光光度法、平面色谱法、高效液相色谱法、超临界流体色谱法、高效毛细管电泳法、极谱法、色谱—质谱联用技术。     

Slow gas expansion in saturated natural porous media by gas injection and partitioning with non-aqueous phase liquids

The partitioning of volatile non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) compounds to a discontinuous gas phase can result in the expansion of that gas phase, and the resulting gas flow can significantly affect the mass transfer from NAPL source zones. This recently reported gas flow generated by the spontaneous expansion of a discontinuous gas phase has not been extensively characterized in the literature. This study measured the expansion rate of a single gas cluster in a 1.1 mm sand above a pool of trans-1,2-dichloroethene (tDCE) in small-scale flow cell experiments. To characterize the gas flow, gas injection experiments in three sizes of sand were conducted at very slow injection rates typical of gas flow rates produced by gas expansion due to NAPL partitioning. Gas cluster spontaneous expansion rates above a tDCE pool were found to be 0.34 ± 0.02 and 0.29 ± 0.01 mL/day in duplicate experiments, which is sufficiently slow to result in discontinuous gas flow in porous media with a grain size diameter greater than 0.02 mm. Measured capillary pressures during gas injection showed patterns consistent with discontinuous gas flow, and identified multiple fragmentation events and expansion by coalescence with trapped clusters. The combination of pressure data and light transmission images were used to identify fragmentation and obtain direct measurements of the critical cluster length (i.e. the length at which withdrawal of the gas phase from a pore space occurs) in quasi-two-dimensional porous media for the first time. The measured critical cluster lengths were 1.4–3.6, 3.2–6.0 and 2.8–6.5 cm in 1.1, 0.7 and 0.5 mm sands, respectively. These values agreed well with estimates of the critical cluster length made using previously reported equations, and parameters derived from the medium’s capillary pressure-saturation relationship.     

Co-sequestration of SO2 with supercritical CO2 in carbonates: An experimental study of capillary trapping,relative permeability,and capillary pressure

In this study we performed three categories of steady- and unsteady-state core-flooding experiments to investigate capillary trapping, relative permeability, and capillary pressure, in a scCO₂ + SO₂/brine/limestone system at elevated temperature and pressure conditions, i.e., 60 °C and 19.16 MPa. We used a Madison limestone core sample acquired from the Rock Springs Uplift in southwest Wyoming. We carried out two sets of steady-state drainage-imbibition relative permeability experiments with different initial brine saturations to study hysteresis. We found that the final scCO₂ + SO₂ drainage relative permeability was very low, i.e., 0.04. We also observed a rapid reduction in the scCO₂-rich phase imbibition relative permeability curve, which resulted in a high residual trapping. The results showed that between 62.8% and more than 76% of the initial scCO₂ + SO₂ at the end of drainage was trapped by capillary trapping mechanism (trapping efficiency). We found that at higher initial brine saturations, the trapping efficiency was higher. The maximum initial and residual scCO₂-rich phase saturations at the end of primary drainage and imbibition were 0.525 and 0.329, respectively. Each drainage-imbibition cycle was followed by a dissolution process to re-establish S_w = 1. The dissolution brine relative permeabilities for both cycles were also obtained. We characterized the scCO₂ + SO₂/brine capillary pressure hysteresis behavior through unsteady-state primary drainage, imbibition, and secondary drainage experiments. We observed negative imbibition capillary pressure curve indicative of possible wettability alteration throughout the experiments due to contact with scCO₂ + SO₂/brine fluid system. The trapping results were compared to those reported in literature for other carbonate core samples. We noticed slightly more residual trapping in our sample, which might be attributed to heterogeneity, different viscosity ratio, and pore-space topologies. The impact of dynamic effects, i.e., high brine flow rate imbibition tests, on trapping of the scCO₂-rich phase was also explored. We performed two imbibition experiments with relatively high brine flow rates. The residual scCO₂ saturation dropped to 0.291 and 0.262 at the end of the first and second imbibition tests, i.e., 11.5% and 20.4%, respectively, compared to 0.329 under capillary-dominated regime.     

新型氢化物发生技术--可移动还原床氢化物发生器Ⅲ. 作为毛细管区带电泳-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱的接口用于砷的形态分析

发展了一种新型的氢化物发生装置———可移动还原床氢化物发生器（ＭＲＢＨＧ）。应用该技术可将经毛细管区带电泳（ＣＺＥ）分离之后的各种砷的化合物转换为相应的氢化物,然后再被引入到电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）进行检测。对不同形态砷的不同化合物的ＣＺＥ分离条件进行了优化,包括缓冲溶液的ｐＨ值及浓度、进样量等。ＣＺＥ－ＭＲＢＨＧ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ应用于４种砷化合物的定量测定,峰面积的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝５）在１．９％～１１．７％。４种砷的浓度检出限分别为：Ａｓ（Ⅲ）、甲胂酸和Ａｓ（Ⅴ）０．３２ｍｇ／Ｌ,二甲胂酸钠０．３５ｍｇ／Ｌ     

泥质岩盖层微观封闭能力的综合评价方法及其应用

在深入研究盖层微观封闭机理及影响封闭能力的主要因素基础上，选取盖层／储层排替压力差、异常孔隙流体压力和异常含气浓度作为泥质岩盖层微观封闭能力的三个主要评价参数。通过对其划分等级，赋予权值，利用加权法求取泥质岩盖层微观封闭能力的综合评价权值大小，建立了一套泥质岩盖层微观封闭能力的综合评价方法，并对琼东南盆地各构造单元梅山组泥岩盖层微观封闭能力进行综合评价。结果表明，梅山组泥质岩盖层在各构造单元均具有     

Centrifuge modelling of capillary rise

This paper reports results from centrifuge tests designed to investigate capillary rise in soils subjected to different gravitational fields. The experimental programme is part of the EU-funded NECER project (Network of European Centrifuges for Environmental Geotechnic Research), whose objective is to investigate the appropriateness of geotechnical centrifuge modelling for the investigation of geoenvironmental problems, particularly with reference to partially saturated soils. The tests were performed at the geotechnical centrifuge laboratories of Cardiff, Bochum, Manchester, and LCPC in Nantes. The aim was to determine the scaling laws of capillary rise under both equilibrium and transient conditions.

In all laboratories, column wetting tests in fine poorly graded sands (Congleton Sand, Bochum Normsand, HPF5 Sand, and Fontaineblau Sand) were performed. Capillary rise above the phreatic surface of the sand model was distinguished in a continuous capillary zone (completely saturated) and a discontinuous capillary zone (partially saturated).

The Cardiff Geotechnical Centrifuge Laboratory used matrix potential probes to follow the capillary rise of the continuous zone and, therefore, determine the suction above the phreatic zone during centrifuge testing. At Bochum, two cameras were used for optical and volumetric measurements, in order to follow the rise of the visible wetting front (upper limit of discontinuous zone) in the sand within the sample column. At Manchester, the movement of the wetting front was observed by video cameras over periods up to 8 h, whereas in LCPC pore pressure transducers recorded the changes in pressure caused by capillarity.

A simple centrifuge similitude law for capillary rise in these sands has been established and the kinetic phenomena have been measured as a function of the gravitational field. The results from these experiments verify that both the continuous and discontinuous capillary zones are scaled at a factor 1/N whereas the time for rise seems to be scaled at a factor 1/N². This research suggests that capillary phenomena can be modelled using a geotechnical centrifuge. Therefore, centrifuge testing can be a useful tool for future modelling of boundary value problems involving complex transport phenomena.     

A study of the pollution of the Aries River (Romania) using capillary electrophoresis as analytical technique

 This paper examines two issues, the extensive pollution occurring in the Aries River, NW Romania, as a result of unchecked discharge of mining effluents into the river system, and the suitability of capillary electrophoresis (CE) as an analytical method for investigations into water chemistry. The results confirm the first objective by providing details on the pollution of the Aries River and its geochemical system and demonstrate the usefulness of CE. In its upper reaches, the river system is characterized by high contents of SO₄ ^2– as a direct result of acid mine effluents and the oxidation of sulphide minerals on mine dumps as well as inflows from settling ponds. Although continuous dilution by natural branch waters and natural water-rock interaction reduces the pollution to some extend, the total level of SO₄ ^2– remains above European averages. The waters of the Aries River, by comparison, contain contents of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ up to 100 times higher than those of unpolluted river water. Received: 1 November 1999 · Accepted: 3 April 2000     

毛细管电泳在线富集技术研究新进展

在简单介绍样品堆集法、pH法、扫集法、等速电泳法和色谱法等毛细管电泳在线富集技术的原理及对各个方法的优缺点评述的基础上,重点对2007—2008年毛细管电泳在线预富集技术研究取得的新进展进行综述。指出将两种或两种以上的富集方法相结合、对原有富集方法进行改进、开展基于新机理的富集方法是毛细管电泳在线富集技术研究的主要方向;建立新的高灵敏度富集技术更应将富集时间短、操作简单、重现性好和无需离线预处理即可完成对复杂基质中痕量及超痕量组分的富集方法作为研究重点。综述引用文献83篇。