Intraplate seismicity in the western Bohemian Massif (central Europe): A possible correlation with a paleoplate junction

Locations of the Eger Rift, Cheb Basin, Quaternary volcanoes, crustal earthquake swarms and exhalation centers of CO₂ and ³He of mantle origin correlate with the tectonic fabric of the mantle lithosphere modelled from seismic anisotropy. We suggest that positions of the seismic and volcanic phenomena, as well as of the Cenozoic sedimentary basins, correlate with a “triple junction” of three mantle lithospheres distinguished by different orientations of their tectonic fabric consistent within each unit. The three mantle domains most probably belong to the originally separated microcontinents – the Saxothuringian, Teplá-Barrandian and Moldanubian – assembled during the Variscan orogeny. Cenozoic extension reactivated the junction and locally thinned the crust and mantle lithosphere. The rigid part of the crust, characterized by the presence of earthquake foci, decoupled near the junction from the mantle probably during the Variscan. The boundaries (transitions) of three mantle domains provided open pathways for Quaternary volcanism and the ascent of ³He- and CO₂-rich fluids released from the asthenosphere. The deepest earthquakes, interpreted as an upper limit of the brittle–ductile transition in the crust, are shallower above the junction of the mantle blocks (at about 12 km) than above the more stable Saxothuringian mantle lithosphere (at about 20 km), probably due to a higher heat flow and presence of fluids.     

基于线弹性位错模型反演1997年西藏玛尼Mw7.5级地震的干涉雷达同震形变场——Ⅱ滑动分布反演

1997年11月8日西藏M_w7.5级玛尼地震是干涉雷达技术应用于地震观测以来的一次重要事件.在第一部分中，我们应用广泛使用的Okada线弹性位错模型，假设断层的各个分段滑动量均匀，反演得到断层各个分段的几何参数和均匀滑动量.本部分的反演进一步去除滑动均匀假设，并利用更能反映断层真实状态的角形元位错模型（线弹性），在第一部分反演得到断层几何的基础上，反演断层面的静态位错分布.反演结果表明，线弹性滑动分布模型能够更好地解释观测数据，进一步提高反演的数据拟合程度.最终得到了断层面上的走滑和倾滑位错分布.首次得到的断层面滑动分布显示断层面滑动在浅部（0～12 km）比较集中，地震破裂长度约170 km，最大左旋走滑位移达4.8 m；反演结果还表明局部段落存在较大倾滑位移，量值达到1.9 m，这在断层模型中是不能忽略的，它可能是断层两侧形变不对称的原因之一；反演得到的标量地震矩为2.18×10²⁰ N·m，相当于矩震级M_w7.5，与Velasco等利用地震波形反演得到的结果一致.     

Recent Geochemical Variation of the Hot-Spring Gases from the Tianchi Volcano, Changbai Mountains, Northeast China

Recent fluid monitoring work shows that the contents of mantle-derived CO_2,He and CH_4 increased anomalously in 2002 and 2003. The 3He/4He ratio of the deep-fault-type Jinjiang hot springs increased highly anomalously in 2003, and then decreased in 2004. The 3He/4He ratio from the thermal-reservoir-type Changbaijulong hot springs increased slowly in 2003, and the increase continued in 2004. The mantle-derived He content of the He released from the Changbaijulong springs increased obviously in 2004. The anomaly of the released gases and the isotopic He was consistent with the trends of seismic activities in the Tianchi volcanic area between 2002 and 2004. The abnormal release of the Jinjiang hot springs apparently decreased after the seismic activities ceased in the second half of 2004, while the abnormal release from the Changbaijulong increased significantly after these seismic activities. It shows that the abnormal release of magmas-derived gases from the thermal-reservoir-type springs lags behind that of the deep-fault-type springs. These characteristics may be of great significance for identifying deep magmatic activity and predicting volcanic earthquakes in the future.     

Influence of the Kunlun Mountain Ms8.1 Earthquake on Horizontal Crustal Deformation in the Sichuan and Yunnan Area

In order to track the space-time variation of regional strain field holistically(in a large scale) and to describe the regional movement field more objectively,the paper uses a nonlinear continuous strain model focused on extracting medium-low frequency strain information on the basis of a region with no rotation.According to the repeated measurements(1999～2001～2004) from GPS monitoring stations in the Sichuan and Yunnan area obtained by the Project of "China Crust Movement Measuring Network",and with the movement of 1999～2001(stage deformation background) as the basic reference,we separated the main influencing factors of the Kunlun Mountain M-S8.1 earthquake in 2001 from the data of 2001 and 2004,and the results indicate:(1) the Kunlun Mountain M-S8.1 earthquake has a discriminating effect on the Sichuan and Yunnan area,moreover,the deformation mode and background had not only certain similitude but also some diversity;(2) The movement field before the earthquake was very ordinal,while after the earthquake,order and disorder existed simultaneously in the displacement field;The displacement quantities of GPS monitoring stations were generally several millimeters;(3) The principal strain field before earthquake was basically tensile in an approximate EW direction and compressive in the SN direction,and tension was predominant.After the earthquake,the principal strain field in the Sichuan area was compressive in the EW direction and tensile in the SN direction,and the compression was predominant.In the Yunnan area,it was tensional in the NE direction and compressive in the NW direction,and tension was predominant;(4) The surficial strain before the earthquake was dominated by superficial expansion,the contractive area being located basically in the east boundary of Sichuan and Yunnan block and its neighborhood.After the earthquake,the Sichuan area was surface contractive(the further north,the greater it was),and south of it was an area of superficial expansion.Generally speaking,the Kunlun Mountain M-S8.1 earthquake played an active role in the accumulation of energy in the Sichuan and Yunnan area.Special attention shall be focused on the segment of Xichang-Dongchuan and its neighborhood.     

Corresponding Relation Between the Space-time Evolution of Seismic Apparent Strain and the Region of Strong Earthquakes in Yunnan

On the basis of our predecessors' research,we study the distribution and the space-time evolution characteristics of the seismic apparent strain field in Yunnan since the 1970's using the seismic data of Yunnan and its surrounding areas.The result shows that there is a rather strong corresponding relationship between the anomaly region of seismic apparent strain and strong earthquakes.In the nine earthquakes studied,anomaly areas of seismic apparent strain had appeared before eight earthquakes,including five occurring in the anomaly region and three on the edge.Finally,the investigative result is demonstrated primarily.     

Spheroidal oscillations of the Earth stimulated by the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake with CDSN data

The 0S2~0S54 spheroidal modes of Earth’s free oscillations, triggered by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004 are retrieved from VHZ data recorded by seven upgraded stations of China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN). We compare these spheroidal modes with theoretical free oscillation spectra calculated from the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) and find a coincidence between their periods. Spectral splitting phenomenon is observed obviously in 0S2, 0S3, 0S4, 2S1 and 1S2 free oscillation modes. What is most noticeable is that the oscillation mode 2S1 is reported for the second time (the first time by Rosat et al) without any data stacking. We simulated the split singlet of 0S2 mode on seven CDSN stations based on general focal mechanism and seismic moment of the earthquake. The result shows that seismic moment of the earthquake can reach 1023 N.m. We also find that the recording of Earth’s free oscillations carries abundant information of source mechanism and earthquake location, which is applicable to the detailed study of source rupture parameters.     

松潘-平武地震前地震视应变场的时空演变

利用松潘-平武周边地区的地震资料研究了1970-1975年该地区地震视应变场的分布和时空变化特征。结果表明,地震视应变的时空变化与松潘-平武强震具有很好的对应关系,1970年在附近就出现异常区,并且地震视应变总体上逐年增加,地震就发生在地震视应变异常区。     

1879年甘肃武都南8级地震新史料

1985年在甘肃文县屯寨乡洋汤寨的天池庙的大樑上发现了一条新的关于1879年7月1日武都8级地震的新的历史记载。该记载表明武都8级地震在这里的地震烈度至少达到了Ⅹ度。     

特大地震对震源邻区的增(减)震作用的研究

通过研究中国大陆1910年以来8级以上特大地震和国外几组典型特大地震对震源邻近区域的影响,发现特大地震往往发生在断裂带上,一组或一次特大地震可能使发震断裂部分破裂,而未破裂断裂的构造应力可能增大,又成为大震的空段,该空段短时间内可能会发生大震(起到增震作用);反之,发震断裂完全破裂或没有大震空段,震源邻近区域构造应力可能减小,短时间可能不会发生大震(起到减震作用)。依据这一结果,可对特大地震发生后震源邻近区域的后续大震作短、中期预测。     

Nonlinear numerical method for earthquake site response analysis II — case studies

This paper presents two numerical case studies of medium and strong motion events, namely Loma-Prieta 1989 and Hyogoken-Nambu (Kobe) 1995. These simulations were performed using CyberQuake model. The cyclic elastoplastic constitutive model is fully detailed in the companion paper. Through these case studies, we demonstrate the importance of using appropriate constitutive modelling when the part played by nonlinear phenomena is preponderant. The need to account for 3D kinematics (i.e. the three components of the input motion), is also demonstrated, even though a 1D geometry is considered, as the plastic coupling existing between components of motion during the earthquake, strongly affects the seismic soil response.