3D structural model of the Polish Basin

A 3D structural modelling of the Permian–Mesozoic Polish Basin was performed in order to understand its structural and sedimentary evolution, which led to basin maturation (Permian–Cretaceous) and its tectonic inversion (Late Cretaceous–Paleogene). The model is built on the present-day structure of the basin and comprises 13 horizons within the Permian to Quaternary rocks. The analysis is based on 3D depth views and thickness maps. The results image the basin-scale symmetry, the perennial localization of the NW–SE-oriented basin axis, the salt movements due to tectonics and/or burial, and the transverse segmentation of the Polish Basin. From these observations, we deduce that salt structures are correlated to the main faults and tectonic events. From the model analysis, we interpret the stress conditions, the timing, and the geometry of the tectonic inversion of the Polish Basin into a NW–SE-oriented central horst (Mid-Polish Swell) bordered by two lateral troughs. Emphasis is placed on the Zechstein salt, considering its movements during the Mesozoic sedimentation and its decoupling effect during the tectonic inversion. Moreover, we point to the structural control of the Paleozoic basement and the crustal architecture (Teisseyre–Tornquist Zone) on the geometry of the Polish Basin and the Mid-Polish Swell.     

差分干涉雷达测量在地面沉降中的应用研究

雷达差分干涉测量是当前雷达遥感的热点研究领域，利用遥感卫星多时相的复雷达图像相干信息进行地表的垂直形变量的提取，其精度已达到了毫米级。对差分干涉雷达遥感的原理及具体实现进行了深入研究，并分析了差分干涉测量结果的误差，着重阐述了差分干涉雷达遥感在地面沉降研究中的应用，及其需要进一步解决的问题。     

浅谈堆载预压软基处理中的监测工作

通过工程现场实测成果，研究分析了堆载预压软基处理过程中孔隙水压力、地表沉降及分层沉降随时间、工况的变化规律。该项监测工作对施工起到了一定的指导作用，并为最后的工程验收提供了有效数据。     

新发现的唐山地震大断层

在对唐山地面塌陷的研究中发现了一条与唐山地震相关的大断层,该断层至少长90km,地面垂直错距3m,明显具有铲形正断层特点。该断层倾向NW,可分为南、北2段。南段的确定主要依据震后地面形变野外调查、水准形变资料、航片解译和石油地球物理勘探资料;北段的存在则有强烈线状喷沙冒水分布以及地震反射测深资料作为证据。唐山地震主震的余震大致分布在该断层地表出露迹线的NW侧,这种位置关系显示了新发现的断层对唐山地震的控制性     

地震勘探在沉陷区地基稳定性评价中的应用

地震勘探尽管在探测煤矿采空区方面已有不少应用实例，但直接应用于大型建筑地质基础稳定性评价方面却是近年来出现的新课题。本文介绍了我们在这方面的一个成功实例，来说明地震勘探在煤矿沉陷区地基稳定性评价中的实际应用价值。     

采空区岩层移动的动态过程与可视化研究

矿山开采引起上覆岩层的移动是一个复杂的动态过程。在岩层的移动和变形过程中岩体具有流变性质，同时岩层的层状组合结构在运动过程中存在时间和空间上的差异。根据流变力学理论和薄板弯曲理论研究了岩层和地表移动的时间、空间过程，推导出考虑时间因数的地表下沉基本公式和获得岩层与地表下沉时间系数的公式。并基于MATLAB软件强大的数学计算和图形功能，开发了相应的模拟地表沉陷动态过程的可视化程序，对某开采煤矿的地表沉陷动态过程进行预测。其预测结果与该矿长期的实际观测资料基本一致，从而为地表沉陷的动态过程预测提供了新的方法。     

地面沉降的自动化监测系统

文中介绍了一种地面沉降自动化监测的系统方案，该系统是由上位机和下位机组成的分布式结构，数据传输通过公用电话网实现。系统的硬件部分包括位移传感器、控制主机、现场模块控制单元以及调制解调器等，其中传感器应用了CCD(电荷耦合型固体摄像器件)技术，精度可达到0．1mm以上。整个系统均在系统控制软件环境下进行，通过它，可任意设置监测计划，如：每小时测2次或更多；还可以随时了解系统设备的工作状况。通过在长江三角洲地区的数月实地使用，认为这套系统具有精确、可靠、自动化程度高等优点。可以满足实际需要。虽然，自动化技术已广泛应用于许多领域，但在地面沉降监测方面还不多见，有望此项工作能对相关研究有所帮助。     

Sinkhole subsidence due to mining

This paper reviews the modes of formation of sinkhole subsidence associated with mining activities, drawing on examples in India. Sinkhole (pot-hole) subsidence is an abrupt local depression at the surface which can be hazardous to life and property due to its tendency to occur without warning. Shallow extraction, weak overburden and geological discontinuities are the main factors which cause them. Sinkholes occur due to the failure of a mine roof which migrates through the overlying strata until the failure zone intercepts the unconsolidated overburden. Alternatively they may occur by the creation of cavities in the overburden following the inflow of sand and soil from the overlying weathered and friable strata through faults. Overburden cavities eventually cave in and sinkholes appear at the surface. Sinkholing phenomena can be controlled to some extent by proper design of mining supports and construction of walls to create a barrier around an area prone to sinkholes in bord and pillar workings. Backfilling and grouting can be used to stabilize abandoned underground workings.     

开采沉陷中的抽样定理及其应用

根据数字处理中的数学原理，提出了开采沉陷中的抽样定理。以此为基础，导出了地表移动观测站的合理点间距ｒ·其值为Ｈ（５ｔ），获得了以离散的地表移动观测值或预计值，恢复其连续性的地表移动变形值的计算公式。并以计算实例，给出了其计算方法。