Ground Subsidence in Areas of Loose Porous Aquifers

Groundwater is one of the important water resources in northern China's plain areas. Many severe geological hazards have occurred in these areas due to ground subsidence which is caused by over exploitation of groundwater. This paper introduces and analyses the ground subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation and its mechanism in the northern China's plains. A ground subsidence prediction model has been developed based on the consolidation theory. The authors have tested this model in a case study of Fuyang City, Anhui Province, where ground subsidence is a severe environmental problem. In the case study, the model results match very well with those of the actual measurement. Two schemes of groundwater exploitation are assessed. The conclusion from the study could be used in the long-term water and economical management planning. The strategies for the control of ground subsidence are discussed.     

浙江省杭嘉湖平原地面沉降及监测网络研究

浙江省杭嘉湖平原地面沉降自20世纪60年代发生以来,随着地下水的开采不断发展,并造成洪涝灾害加剧,城市排水排污能力、内河通航能力下降等危害．影响社会经济的可持续发展。本文在对该地区地面沉降现状及监测工作总结的基础上,提出了地面沉降监测网络系统规划设想。     

黄河三角洲典型地段地面沉降机理研究及预测预警

随着社会经济的快速发展,黄河三角洲地区普遍发生了地面沉降,已经成为了影响区域社会经济可持续发展的重要因素之一。本文以黄河三角洲地面沉降典型地段—滨州地区为研究对象,以该区2005~2019年年间共计6期地面沉降监测数据为基础,对区内多年来地面沉降发展演变规律进行分析,对地面沉降成因机理进行研究,并根据滨州地下水系统的水文地质条件以及地面沉降机理,概化出滨州地下水系统水位地质概念模型及地面沉降模型。在此模型基础上推演建立滨州地下水开采与地面沉降三维数值模型。利用该模型对地面沉降与地下水位监测数据进行内插外推计算,综合计算结果分析和研究,对地面沉降和地下水动态进行预测预警,从而为黄河三角洲地区地面沉降防治提供依据。     

综合方法在朱仙庄采煤沉陷区勘察中的应用与效果

地下采空区及其引发的地面沉降对人民生命、财产安全带来严重隐患,对生态环境危害极大,需要对其进行危险性评估和预测,并为矿山地质环境综合治理提供科学依据。通过遥感解译、水下测量、水工环调查、物探、钻探等手段对宿州市朱仙庄采煤沉陷区开展综合地质勘察,查明朱仙庄采煤沉陷区的地质灾害类型、分布与规模、沉陷现状及影响范围,为沉陷区地质灾害防治及综合治理、土地规划利用提供了依据。综合方法用于采煤沉陷区勘察效果好,可为今后开展类似工作提供参考。     

应用地理探测器改进地面沉降危险性评估模型的研究

地面沉降危险性评估对受地面沉降灾害影响的城市有着重要的参考意义。目前应用较广泛的因子叠加模型和模糊层次分析模型存在着评估指标权重的确定人工干预较强,影响评估结果的问题。本文采用地理探测器分别对因子叠加模型和模糊层次分析模型进行改进,根据各评估因子的分布与沉降分布的关联性定量地计算各项评估指标的权重。本文利用改进后的三个模型:地理探测器--最大值因子叠加模型、地理探测器--加权因子叠加模型以及地理探测器--模糊层次分析模型分别进行地面沉降危险性评估,并与最大值因子叠加模型、加权因子叠加模型、模糊层次分析模型进行对比,结果表明:改进后的模型总体评估准确度分别为75.23%、89.56%、76.38%,均高于未改进模型的60.51%、53.73%、65.05%。     

基于InSAR技术的盘锦地区地面沉降研究

为掌握盘锦地区地面沉降现状,包括沉降中心位置、沉降区面积、沉降量、沉降速率等,选取2013-2016年覆盖研究区的19期C波段Radasat-2数据,采用SBAS-InSAR技术提取盘锦地区地面沉降速率和累积地面沉降量。结果表明,研究区内存在两个沉降区:曙四联沉降区,面积约为43.6km^2,最大沉降速率为-151.49mm/a;龙王村沉降区,面积约为33.28km^2,最大沉降速率为-119.55mm/a。与2007-2009年的3期ASAR数据得到的结果进行对比后发现,两者得到的沉降区基本一致。通过地面沉降监测数据的时序分析,累积沉降量和沉降区范围均随着时间不断增大。     

基于时序InSAR技术的常州市地面沉降监测与分析

城市地面沉降不仅会对居民生命安全造成影响,而且也会给当地的社会经济造成损失。常州市位于长江三角洲地面 沉降区,也是我国经济最发达的地区之一。因此地面沉降监测是常州市掌握地面沉降的动态,为防灾减灾提供决策依据的 重要举措。本文采用SBAS InSAR 方法对2012-2013 年23 景TerraSAR-X 高分辨率雷达影像数据进行了地表形变的反演,获 取了该时间段常州地区年均沉降速率和时序地表累积形变图。结果表明,在整个观测期间,常州市呈现出“全区基本保持 稳定,武进区局部沉降严重”的特点。为此,我们利用PS-InSAR 技术对武进区的地面沉降进行了重点监测,发现该区多条 重要交通线路存在不同程度的地面沉降。最后我们结合历史监测结果和水文地质背景,揭示了常州地区近50 年地面沉降的 时空变化特征和规律。综合分析表明,地下水全面禁采后研究区地面沉降的确得到了有效控制,沉降速率减缓,甚至出现 了回弹。而武进地区的地面沉降虽然也在减缓,但仍然存在明显的地面沉降,一些重要交通线路的周边沉降已超过安全阈 值,有必要在常规监测的同时,对这些沉降严重的区域进行重点监测,并建立预警预报机制,在城市基础设施选址和规划 时提供决策依据。     

Numerical simulation and land subsidence control for deep foundation pit dewatering of Longyang Road Station on Shanghai Metro Line 18

In terms of controlling groundwater in deep foundation pit projects, the usual methods include increasing the curtain depth, reducing the amount of pumped groundwater, and implementing integrated control, in order to reduce the drawdown and land subsidence outside pits. In dewatering design for confined water, factors including drawdown requirements, the thickness of aquifers, the depth of dewatering wells and the depth of cutoff curtains have to be considered comprehensively and numerical simulations are generally conducted for calculation and analysis. Longyang Road Station on Shanghai Metro Line 18 is taken as the case study subject in this paper, a groundwater seepage model is developed according to the on-site engineering geological conditions and hydrogeological conditions, the excavation depth of the foundation pit as well as the design depth of the enclosure, hydrogeological parameters are determined via the pumping test, and the foundation pit dewatering is simulated by means of the three-dimensional finite difference method, which produces numerical results that consistent with real monitoring data as to the groundwater table. Besides, the drawdown and the land subsidence both inside and outside the pit caused by foundation pit dewatering are calculated and analyzed for various curtain depths. This study reveals that the drawdown and the land subsidence change faster near the curtain with the increase in the curtain depth, and the gradient of drawdown and land subsidence changes dwindles beyond certain depths. In this project, the curtain depth of 47/49 m is adopted, and a drawdown-land subsidence verification test is completed given hanging curtains before the excavation. The result turns out that the real measurements basically match the calculation results from the numerical simulation, and by increasing the depth of curtains, the land subsidence resulting from dewatering is effectively controlled.     

Sub-Cm Subsidence Measurements With The Wide-Angle Airborne Laser Ranging System

The Wide-Angle Airborne Laser Ranging System (WA-ALRS) is aninstrument developed at IGN with the aim of measuring landsubsidence with sub-cm accuracy. The instrument provides rangemeasurements that are used to estimate the co-ordinates of aground-based network of cube-corner retroreflectors (CCRs).Millimeter accuracy on relative radial co-ordinates has beendemonstrated in a ground-based experiment and centimeter accuracyhas been obtained in a recent airborne experiment. The mainlimitation in the latter experiment came from the low link budgetat longer distances. In this paper we analyze the performanceexpected with two different detector modules (avalanchephotodiodes with amplifiers). Laboratory measurements are used tocharacterize detector parameters and estimate ranging accuracy.Numerical simulations predict a 2–3 mm accuracy in the verticalco-ordinate with these detectors combined to a 2-km aircraftaltitude, a 20 laser beam divergence, a 250-m CCR separation and 10³ measurements per CCR.     

潘集矿区地面沉降的防治途径

针对淮南潘集矿区地面沉降现状及形成机理，提出了防治该地区地面沉降的几种途径──加强监测、合理选择取水层次等，为类似条件下的其他矿区地面沉降的研究提供参考。