Matlab环境下去 MODIS L1B 数据的“蝴蝶结”效应

The Bowtie effect occurs in MODIS Level 1B data,and is stored in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF)in formal.The Bowtie effect can not be removed before geometry calibration,so that Bowtie effect should be removed before geometry calibration.Modistools,amodule incorporated the ENVI environment in order to process the first level MODIS data,was developed by R&D Scanex,for removing the Bowtie effect.However,the module has two defects:it can be used only to manipulate integer data; and more than 50%data value would b e changed if the Modistools is used to manipolate integer typed MODIS data.We use a non-Ephemeris method to remove the effect,by using the Matlab numerical computing environment. The method has less pixels shifting and value changing problems     

Resolution assessment of the three-dimensional acquisition geometry of the Anhui experiment in "Geoscience Yangtze Plan"

According to the actual observation conditions of the Yangtze River valley from Anqing city to Maanshan city, we designed the 3D acquisition geometry, and applied the multi-scale checkerboard semblance analysis to assess the preliminary resolution of the designed observation. The checkerboard semblance tests use the refraction and reflection travel-time simultaneous inversion algorithm to quantitatively provide both resolution assessment of velocity structure and Moho topography. The multi-scale checkerboard semblance recovery results show that while the checkerboard semblance threshold value is 0.5, the preliminary resolution of the designed acquisition geometry is better than 10 km in the upper crust (the depth is less than 10 km), around 15 km in the mid-crust (the depth is 10?25 km), and better than 20 km in the lower crust (the depth is 25?33 km). The preliminary tomographic resolution for the Moho topography is about 20 km in the ray-path coverage area beneath the acquisition geometry. While the checkerboard semblance threshold value is 0.75, the preliminary resolution is 20 km in the upper crust, around 20?25 km in the mid-crust and 25 km in the lower crust. And the preliminary tomographic resolution for the Moho topography is better than 30 km in the ray-path coverage area beneath the acquisition geometry. These non-linear checkerboard tests reveal that the designed acquisition geometry is suitable to image the crustal velocity structure of the Yangtze River valley in the Anhui province.     

Submarine Hydrothermal Mineralization on the Izu-Bonin Arc, South of Japan: An Overview

Considerable effort has been expended in studying the Izu-Bonin Arc over the past 15 years. In particular, 43 dives of the Shinkai 2000 have been undertaken there to discover and evaluate the extent of submarine hydrothermal activity and mineraliza tion. Most effort has been focused on Myojin Knoll (23 dives), Suiyo Seamount (6 dives), and Kaikata Caldera (10 dives). The Izu-Bonin Arc is divided in two by the Sofugan Tectonic Line. Eight submarine caldera are located north of this line but only one is south of it. The physiography of the northern sector of the arc is quite different from that of the southern sector. Volcanic rocks from the northern sector are more acidic than those from the southern sector. Evidence for submarine hydrothermal mineralization has been observed at four seamounts along the Izu-Bonin Arc (Myojin Knoll, Myojinsho, Suiyo Seamount, and Kaikata Caldera), and submarine hydrothermal activity is evident at another three seamounts along the arc (Kurose Hole, Mokuyo Seamount, and Doyo Seamount). The most extensive submarine hydrothermal mineral deposit so far located on the Izu-Bonin Arc is the Sunrise deposit at Myojin Knoll. This deposit, at least 400 m in diameter and 30 m high, is associated with black smoker venting, inactive sulfide chimneys, massive sulfides, hydrothermal Mn crusts, and a hydrothermal vent fauna. The maximum recorded temperature of the hydrothermal vents there was 278°C. Some of the sulfide chimneys contained as much as 49 μg / g Au and 3,400 μg / g Ag. The sunrise deposit is one of the largest submarine volcanic massive sulfide deposits so far discovered in midocean ridge, backarc, or arc settings and has an estimated mass of 9 x 10 6 t. This deposit may be of the Kuroko-type. The discovery of the Sunrise deposit in 1997 gives hope that other, similarly large, sulfide deposits may be found in other caldera along the Izu-Bonin Arc. The geological variability along the arc, the high seismicity, the occurrence of active volcanism and submarine hydrothermal venting, and a proven submarine hydrothermal mineral potential coupled with the proximity of the region to Japan suggest that the Izu-Bonin Arc could profitably serve as a natural laboratory for the long-term monitoring of the seafloor.     

三维景观GIS几何建模方法——以无锡唐城为例

本文实现了以 4D测绘数据 (DEM、DOM、DLG、DRG)为基本数据源的无锡唐城古建筑三维数字景观GIS。同时 ,在三维GIS传统三维空间数据模型的基础上 ,提出面向对象的三维建模点对象的划分不同与二维GIS中的点对象 ;针对基于面状的三维GIS,提出有向曲线构建面状复杂单体的几何建模方法是较为简捷的途径。     

Non-explosive,constructional evolution of the ice-filled caldera at Volcán Sollipulli,Chile

 A radar and gravity survey of the ice-filled caldera at Volcán Sollipulli, Chile, indicates that the intra-caldera ice has a thickness of up to 650 m in its central part and that the caldera harbours a minimum of 6 km³ of ice. Reconnaissance geological observations show that the volcano has erupted compositions ranging from olivine basalt to dacite and have identified five distinct volcanic units in the caldera walls. Pre- or syn-caldera collapse deposits (the Sharkfin pyroclastic unit) comprise a sequence which evolved from subglacial to subaerial facies. Post-caldera collapse products, which crop out along 17 of the 20 km length of the caldera wall, were erupted almost exclusively along the caldera margins in the presence of a large body of intra-caldera ice. The Alpehué crater, formed by an explosive eruption between 2960 and 2780 a. BP, in the southwest part of the caldera is shown to post date formation of the caldera. Sollipulli lacks voluminous silicic pyroclastic rocks associated with caldera formation and the collapse structure does not appear to be a consequence of a large-magnitude explosive eruption. Instead, lateral magma movement at depth resulting in emptying of the magma chamber may have generated the caldera. The radar and gravity data show that the central part of the caldera floor is flat but, within a few hundred metres of the caldera walls, the floor has a stepped topography with relatively low-density rock bodies beneath the ice in this region. This, coupled with the fact that most of the post-caldera eruptions have taken place along the caldera walls, implies that the caldera has been substantially modified by subglacial marginal eruptions. Sollipulli caldera has evolved from a collapse to a constructional feature with intra-caldera ice playing a major role. The post-caldera eruptions have resulted in an increase in height of the walls and concomitant deepening of the caldera with time. Received: 12 June 1995 / Accepted: 7 December 1995     

River channel change: Problems of interpretation illustrated by the river derwent,north Yorkshire

Some inherent limitations of the spatial interpolation method of identifying and interpreting channel adjustment are illustrated by a study of the River Derwent in Yorkshire. Here, cross-sections downstream from a river diversion appear to have contracted in size when compared with predictions based on upstream relationships between channel form variables and basin area. However, these sections are slightly larger than expected for their diminished discharge, suggesting that they have not fully adjusted to altered environmental conditions and are still in a transient state.     

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY

I.INTRODUCTIONThehydraulicgeometryofstablenaturalriversisdeterminedbyceftaincontrolfactors.suchassizeandgradationofboundarymaterial-sorting,transportandarmoring.planformofchannel.ballkstability.amongstothers.Ageometricmodelfornonuniformboundarymaterialhasbeenproposed(Cao,1996).Theentropy-basedthresholdbankprofiletheory(CaoandKnight,1996).thenext'solutionofthestablechannelparadox,basedonShionoandKnight's(1991)solutionofthedepthmean-averagedmomentumequationatthejunctionpointsareemployedto…     

Analyse quantitative de l'hétérogénéité de la fracturation : application aux carrières souterrainesQuantitative analysis of fracturing heterogeneity: application to underground quarries

The quantitative analysis of fracturation heterogeneity from Geographic Information System (GIS) has become very important for the modelling of underground quarries stability, the reservoir properties deduced from fracturing and their consequences on the groundwater run-off. This paper aims to give a method of quantitative analysis of fracturing in three underground limestone quarries of Gironde. More than 1000 fractures were measured, mapped and numbered. The heterogeneity analysis and the fracturing connectivity are based on the spatial distribution of geometrical parameters of each fracture, such as: openness, length, direction, orientation, spatial distribution of different fracture classes and connexity. To cite this article: A. Cerepi, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 163–170.     

分形几何的数学基础及其在地震预报中的应用

本文就地震预报中常用的分形几何中的几个数学概念做了简要的介绍，包括测度，豪斯道夫维数、计盒维数等，并介绍了有关维数的性质和估计方法。作者试图通过了这些数学概念的简要介绍，使读者对分维有更准确的理解。