应用主分量分析法研究唐山Ms7.8地震前的地磁异常

应用主分量分析法对昌黎、青光、宝坻、红山等台站(1975—1977年)三年的每月五个静日地磁绝对磁场的资料及相应时间的太阳黑子相对数的资料进行计算。结果表明,第一主分量与太阳黑子相对数对应很好,相关系数为0.9以上,而第二主分量与太阳黑子相对数的相关系数为0.03左右。对于在某一固定频率而变化的地磁外源场,内外场的比例几乎恒定在一定水平上,而在唐山地震前内外场比值有明显的异常变化,笔者认为,这个恒定水平的偏离可能是由于地壳内应力不断积累导致的地下电导率的变化而引起的。用这种方法不仅可以消除地磁场的非局部变化,而且利用内外场比值的偏离或监视内场的变化可能为使用地磁场预报地震提供一个依据。     

Geomagnetic disturbance fields: an analysis of observatory monthly means

SUMMARY
This work quantifies the extent to which disturbance phenomena contribute to the observed geomagnetic field on the time-scale of months to years. A deterministic approach was adopted in which geomagnetic monthly means were analysed in the time domain. By presupposing the time dependence of the external and induced field variations, which we assume to vary as the aa geomagnetic index, we arrived at an estimate of the relative amplitude of the disturbance to each component of the field at a number of observatories. In all some 58 000 geomagnetic monthly means from 59 observatories operating this century were analysed. Special attention was paid to the selection and validation of the data as otherwise the numerical computations would have been unduly compromised.
The results consist of 177 estimates of the relative amplitude of disturbance, one for each of three orthogonal components north ( X ), east ( Y ) and vertically down ( Z ) at each observatory. The disturbance to the X component was found to be consistently negative over the whole of the Earth's surface with an intensification in auroral regions. The disturbances to the Z component were found to be smaller than that for X except in high latitudes. Mean disturbances to the Y component were smaller still. Results were in general consistent with the dipole field of the magnetospheric ring current, aligned with, though of opposite polarity to, the Earth's main field. Typical amplitudes of the mean disturbance field from month to month were of the order 10 nT.
The results can be used to estimate the variation of the disturbance field. Subtracting this from both monthly and annual means yields an improved estimate of the field originating in the core and its secular variation. Some examples are presented.     

Secular and seasonal changes in transfer function at Guangzhou geomagnetic observatory

Time changes in transfer functions of short period geomagnetic variations in 28 years from 1960 through 1987 are studied, systemically and in detail in this paper. The results indicate that: (1) It is evident that seasonal and secular changes in the transfer functionsA at exist the Guangzhou Geomagnetic observatory. The characteristics for seasonal changes are large in summer and smaller in winter with main cycles of 12 and 6 months. The characteristic for secular change is a descend with a rate of 0.0025 per year. The seasonal and secular changes in transfer functionsB are not evident. (2) The direction of Parkinson vector at Guangzhou geomagnetic observatory is clearly affected by the ocean, and is associated with coastal effect. (3) The values of the transfer function A and B are related to geomagnetic activity ata=0.05. Secular change is not related to geomagnetic activity, maybe it is affected in a great measure by earth conductivity change. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica sinica,13, 480–488, 1991. This study is part supported by Chinese Joint Seismological Science Fundation.     

Geomagnetic variation anomaly and electric conductivity structure beneath Yunnan, China

Crossing Honghe fracture in Yunnan Province two measuring profiles were set up, each measuring profile consisted of 8 observing sites. Three component geomagnetic variation observations were carried out continuously and simultaneously along each profile. Induction arrows were calculated for the periods from 8 min to 60 min. There exists a reversal axis of induction arrow between Eryuan, Xiaguan, Weishan, Mejiang and Yongping, Yunxian, Lincang, Simao. The real arrows reverse from one side of the axis to another side and the magnitude of the real induction arrows attenuates with increase in distance from the axis, the attenuation in northeast side of the axis is slightly less than that in southwest side. The real induction arrows of shorter periods are greater than those of longer periods at most of the observing sites. According to the features of the real induction arrows and by use of numerical calculation we tried to look for the restriction which was to be attached to the possible high conductivity zone in the area under investigation. It shows that there is a high conductivity belt west of Honghe fracture which tilts northeastward and there is a high conductor cover over the high conductivity belt beneath most of the observing sites The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 201–210, 1992.     

Research on geomagnetic tectonic characteristics of the crust in Haicheng seismic area

In this paper, the two metnods, rectangular spectrum (RS) and maximum entropy power spectrum (MES), have been used in calculating the geomagnetic structures of the crust in Haicheng and its adjacent areas and carrying out the geomagnetic stratification of the crust. The result of the research indicates that the crust can be devided into such three layers as nonmagnetic layer, magnetic layer and regressive magnetic layer from the top to the bottom. It is also found the distribution of the geomagnetic bottom interface (Curie surface) is consistent with the lower interface of the upper crust and the top interface of the middle crust of the velocity structure of the crust. It is very interesting that the Haicheng earthquake of Feb. 4, 1975,M 7.3 occurred at the depth gradient belt of the Curie isotherm surface. So, to research on the geomagnetic layers and the distribution characteristics of the Curie isotherm surface is meaningful in judging potential seismic foci. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 448–454, 1993. The data of velocity and electricity materials used in this paper are as reference from the related materials of the maps and directions etc. of Donggou-Haicheng-Dong Ujimqin Qi Geoscience Transect by Prof. Zao-Xun LU, Huai-Kuan XIA and others.