Semantic segmentation of high spatial resolution images with deep neural networks

Availability of reliable delineation of urban lands is fundamental to applications such as infrastructure management and urban planning. An accurate semantic segmentation approach can assign each pixel of remotely sensed imagery a reliable ground object class. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning architecture to perform the pixel-level understanding of high spatial resolution remote sensing images. Both local and global contextual information are considered. The local contexts are learned by the deep residual net, and the multi-scale global contexts are extracted by a pyramid pooling module. These contextual features are concatenated to predict labels for each pixel. In addition, multiple additional losses are proposed to enhance our deep learning network to optimize multi-level features from different resolution images simultaneously. Two public datasets, including Vaihingen and Potsdam datasets, are used to assess the performance of the proposed deep neural network. Comparison with the results from the published state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.     

小肠空气灌肠双源CT检查与胶囊内镜小肠检查对比研究

目的:探讨小肠空气灌肠双源CT检查对小肠疾病的诊断价值。方法:15例临床怀疑小肠病变的患者,行双源CT检查前或后3天内行胶囊内镜检查。其中,男8例,女7例,年龄最大者42岁,最小者23岁。症状主要为腹痛10例,脓血便4例,不明原因消瘦1例,病程最长4年,最短1月。结果:胶囊内镜未见异常8例,双源CT检查亦未见异常;双源CT诊断克罗恩病4例,与胶囊内镜及临床诊断一致;胶囊内镜可疑肿瘤3例,双源CT发现2例并作出良恶性诊断,其中1例为空肠间质瘤,1例为回肠腺癌,经手术病理证实;仅1例胶囊内镜可疑3cm大小肿瘤,双源CT未见异常,结合MRI检查及临床,证实为假阳性。结论:小肠空气灌肠双源CT检查,不仅可以显示小肠器质性病变范围、与邻近结构的关系,而且可以结合临床鉴别炎性病变与肿瘤性病变,并对肿瘤性病变做出良恶性鉴别;还可以为胶囊内镜所见病变定位及排除假阳性问题。     

一种改进包模型的遥感图像检索方法

目的 提出了一种改进的包模型图像检索方法,使用本底图像构建视觉词汇字典。在建库过程中,通过近似KD-Tree搜索本底图像局部不变特征与入库图像特征间的对应匹配关系,并记录该关系;图像检索时,搜索检索图像与本底图像特征的对应关系,进而计算与入库图像的关系。该方法仅保存本底图像的局部不变特征,可实现感兴趣区域的图像检索。实验结果表明,该方法在提高图像检索准确性的同时,可以减少所需存储局部不变特征的数量。     

基于神经网络的遥感影像分类方法研究

本文在研究BP神经网络和模糊理论的基础上,提出了传统BP算法的一种改进方法和基于模糊系统的神经网络遥感影像分类方法。通过试验表明:基于模糊技术的神经网络分类方法要优于BP神经网络方法,取得了令人满意的效果。     

爆炸荷载作用下裂隙岩体内损伤范围的观测研究

通过电法CT成像技术,探测微量炸药爆炸前后裂隙岩体深孔之间电阻率的变化,查明探测切面内的岩体损伤裂隙发育形态和空间展布。通过实验可知：微量炸药爆炸后在裂隙岩体的炮孔深部可以形成一定范围、一定数量和一定宽度的裂隙,其中裂隙形成的区域主要集中在炮孔口深的2/3处,当炮孔深度3 m,装药量为330 g时,在眼深1.5～2.5 m处裂隙较为发育,炮孔间距为1.2 m～1.5 m时,可在岩体内部形成贯通裂隙。     

Spatial structure of central places in Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration,Jilin Province,China

Using the radius of gyration from fractal theory, this paper describes the calculation of fractal dimensions for the four tiers of central places in the Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration(JCUA), Jilin Province, China and the structural characteristics of each tier: 1) the 1st tier central place, Changchun Proper(not including Shuangyang District), provides the most service functions and has the most stable primate position; 2) the 2nd tier central places, Jilin Proper, Siping Proper, Liaoyuan Proper and Songyuan Proper have unclear statuses and do not provide certain functions; 3) the 3rd tier central places comprise 23 county-level cities, counties and urban districts(including Shuangyang District of Changchun), exhibiting a dense spatial structure that agrees with theory; 4) the 4th tier contains the largest number of central places(248 designated towns), but they are loosely distributed. In this study, a spatial image of the JCUA was created, based on vectorized data of the urban settlement distribution, which was then modified and abstracted to create a hexagonal network covering the JCUA. Compared to the traditional central place model, the modified spatial image conforms to the K = 3 principle. In reality, however, the growth of some 3rd tier central places should be increased with the cities being upgraded to the 2nd tier so as to overcome that tier′s functional deficiency. The loose distribution in the 4th tier should also be changed. This apparent anomaly can be explained by the fact that the classic hexagon model used to describe the way market areas layout does not exist in the real world. However, this should not be viewed as an obstacle to using central place theory. If its assumptions are properly applied, it can still assist research into the spatial structure of regions.     

一种基于多源遥感影像的亚端元光谱提取方法

提出一种利用多源影像来提取低分辨影像亚端元光谱的方法,该方法利用高分辨分类得到的组分与低分辨的光谱之间的线性混合关系,建立了反演出低分辨影像的亚端元光谱的线性模型,并提出一种快速鲁棒反演亚端元光谱的提取方法。利用IKONOS和ETM数据验证了本文提出方法,实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

绝对无定向导线平差处理系统的设计与实现

绝对无定向导线在实际测量工作中经常遇到,其形式简便,应用广泛,但计算工作量大并且容易出错.为此我们开发了一种能适用于绝对无定向导线,它简便、快速并且成果能满足相应项目要求的平差处理系统.本文同时验证了系统的可靠性.     

自适应遗传算法配准三维数字样品模型及其CAD模型

通过包围盒的初始匹配和浮点数编码自适应遗传算法的精确匹配,实现了三维数字样品模型及其CAD模型的配准。初始匹配决定精确匹配空间变换参数的范围:精确匹配在搜索变换矩阵的6个变换参数过程中,采用最小二乘方法构造目标函数;遗传算法中引入种群多样性指标;在遗传操作的交叉算子和变异算子中引入该指标,并将该指标用于交叉概率和变异概率两个参数的调整,有效地克服了遗传算法的早收敛问题,实验结果表明该方法较好地解决了三维数字样品模型及其CAD模型的配准问题,且算法稳定,易于实现。     

复杂条件下煤田三维地震勘探应用实例

勘探区地处毛乌素沙漠西南边缘,表层多为干燥疏松的沙丘和黄土;浅层为沙土、卵石、砾石层,大部分地段不含水,均为松散沉积物。区内断层和褶皱发育,煤层埋藏深度与产状变化较大。针对该区表、浅层和深层复杂的地震地质条件,通过不断优化三维地震勘探设计,最终确定了野外数据采集观测系统及激发与接收参数,并在数据处理中,选择了合适的处理技术、处理参数及处理流程,获得了信噪比与分辨率较高的三维数据体,较好的完成了地质勘探任务。