催化氧化糖蜜酒精废液催化剂的制备

根据内电解-催化氧化法的应用特点,选用颗粒活性炭作为催化剂的载体,采用浸渍法制备催化剂,并通过用不同催化剂对糖蜜酒精废液COD去除率的比较,确定最佳的催化剂制备条件:Cu(NO3)2浓度为7.5%,浸渍12h,260℃~300℃焙烧活化10~14h;多次使用后的Cu-AC催化剂由催化剂再生技术再生,并应用于糖蜜酒精废液处理。     

Biodegradability Assessment and Treatability of High Strength Complex Industrial Park Wastewater

Industrial park wastewater (IPWW) includes complex non‐biodegradable organic compounds. A wastewater treatability study using biodegradability assessment approach was carried out for an industrial park housing mainly textile and machinery sectors. Biodegradable and inert chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractions with soluble and particulate counterparts were experimentally estimated by implementing respirometric methods. Aerobic batch test methods and oxygen uptake rate profiles were used to map kinetic parameters and COD fractions. Denitrification potential was also determined by application of anoxic batch tests. Relevant kinetic constants, stoichiometric, and design parameters were determined for biological processes. Tests were carried out for raw and physico‐chemically pre‐treated IPWW. Hence, it was aimed to assess the effects and necessity of pre‐treatment on biological processes. Biological mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification processes were also designed and tested using a bench scale continuous treatment model for pre‐treated IPWW. The sum of initial inert soluble COD fraction and production of soluble microbial products decreased about 25% for the case of pre‐treated IPWW as compared to raw IPWW. Eighty‐three percent total COD and 89% total Kjeldahl nitrogen removal efficiencies were attained for the modeling experiments of pre‐treated IPWW. Results showed the significance of pre‐treatment if complex strength industrial wastewaters are to be biologically treated.     

钦州湾海域COD 时空分布及对富营养化贡献分析

根据2010年4月(春季)和9月(秋季)钦州湾海域现场调查资料,对表层海水中化学需氧量(COD)的时空分布特征进行研究,评价其污染水平,分析COD对该海域富营养化的贡献,并探讨了COD的主要来源及与环境因子之间的关系。研究结果表明,钦州湾海域表层COD的平均浓度为(1.21±0.55)mg/L,浓度范围为0.57~2.38 mg/L,水平分布呈现由湾内向湾外逐渐递减的趋势;秋季研究海域COD污染水平高于春季;COD对富营养化的贡献范围为42.1%~64.7%,平均贡献为(50.3±6.7)%,贡献随着富营养化指数的增加而减小;COD与盐度、pH存在显著负相关,而与DIN、SiO-23Si存在显著正相关。COD时空分布主要受陆地径流、陆源输入和水动力过程的影响,COD是影响钦州湾海域富营养化的重要因素,但并非决定性因子,富营养化程度加重时来自营养盐的贡献表现更为突出。     

Effects of Different Carbon Sources on Denitrification Efficiency Associated with Culture Adaptation and C/N Ratio

Stringent effluent limitations for nitrogen necessitate an accurate interpretation of the design and operation conditions of biological nitrogen removal systems. In this study, the effects of the nature of the organic substrate on biomass adaptation and response to different C/N ratios in terms of denitrification efficiency were investigated. A relatively high chemical oxygen demand (COD)_utilized/NO_x–N_reduced ratio of 8.1 was obtained when an excess amount of readily biodegradable carbon was supplied, which is suggested as the conversion of substrate surplus into storage polymers. An anoxic yield of 0.64 g cell COD/g COD for a four‐compound substrate mixture (acetate, propionate, ethanol and glucose), 0.63 g cell COD/g COD for a two‐compound substrate mixture (acetate and propionate), and 0.5 g cell COD/g COD for methanol were calculated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that the β‐subclass of proteobacteria was dominant in the seed and in cultures adapted to both the four‐compound and the two‐compound substrate mixture, whereas in the methanol‐adapted culture significant amounts of β‐proteobacteria were detected. The biocommunity composition, the type of organic compound and the COD/NO₃–N ratio strongly influence the nitrate reduction and carbon utilization profiles. Methanol has been shown to select for a denitrifying population consisting of Paracoccus and Hyphomicrobium vulgare genera, when used as only external carbon source.     

养虾污水对九龙江南溪下游微微型浮游生物群落的影响

2015年4月28日和7月12日在养虾密集区九龙江南溪下游河段设置的12个站点进行了水样采集,利用荧光显微方法,对12个站点的微微型浮游植物,异养细菌以及该河段的COD进行了研究和比较.结果表明在九龙江南溪下游,4月微微型浮游植物丰度、异养细菌丰度以及该河段的COD含量显著高于7月;九龙江南溪下游微微型浮游植物丰度、异养细菌丰度与该河段的COD含量呈现显著正相关,微微型浮游植物丰度与异养细菌丰度呈现显著正相关.表明随着养虾污水排放的增加,水中COD含量增加,导致异养细菌丰度增加.     

壳聚糖对酸性篮黑B废水的处理研究

采用壳聚糖对酸性蓝黑B模拟废水进行处理,研究了溶液的酸度、吸附时间、溶液的初始浓度和溶液温度等对吸附效率的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖对酸性蓝黑B具有优良的吸附效果,在溶液初始浓度小于400 mg/L,pH=3.5~6,温度约为30~40℃,吸附处理30~40 m in,COD去除率可达90%以上。     

利用黄钾铁矾类矿物形成过程预处理高浓度含硫废水

利用黄钾铁矾类矿物形成过程对某高浓度工业含硫废水进行预处理,除去一定量的SO42-,使溶液中低价态的硫继续转化成SO42-,再进行氧化处理。采取二次沉淀除去溶液中更多的SO42-,大大降低了该水样的COD值。通过实验得出沉淀的最佳工艺条件为pH值为2.50～3.20,氯化铁晶体(FeCl3.6H2O)最佳投入量为50g/L。经过两次黄钾铁矾类矿物沉淀过程,该废水COD的去除率达到85.29%,结合H2O2的氧化处理,COD去除率可达96%。为高浓度含硫废水进入生化处理前的预处理提供了实验依据。     

石岛湾海域环境功能区划

用有限差分法,根据实测资料建立石岛湾海域大潮期间的潮流数值模型。在此基础上,选COD作为污染因子,建立平流——扩散输运模型,通过总量控制计算对石岛湾海域的水质进行预测。据此探讨石岛湾海域环境功能区的划分。     

夏季珠江口COD的浓度分布及影响因素

在海洋监测的基础上，利用数学模型探讨了珠江口COD的浓度分布规律。研究表明，珠江口的有机物来自八大口门的淡水径流，人类活动、径流、潮流和气候是影响COD浓度分布的主要因素。有机物进入珠江口后，首先在口门和陆源排放口附近形成高浓度区，然后由北向南偏西迁移扩散，西四口门对伶仃洋COD增量的影响很小。夏季珠江口层型水体稳定存在，伶仃洋COD出现表高底低的垂向浓度分层现象。     

Fenton 试剂降解壳聚糖废液的初步研究

通过单因素分析实验 ,研究了 Fenton试剂降解壳聚糖制备废液过程中各影响因子的作用机制 ,初步得出了其最佳作用范围。通过正交匹配实验 ,确定了最佳操作条件为 :初始 p H=2 .5,终了p H=1 0 ,1 0 g Fe/ L的 Fe2 溶液 1 5m L,30 % H2 O2 2 m L,t(搅拌 ) =80 min,t(静置 ) =8h,T=348K,经验证 COD去除率达到 58.91 %。在常温下 ,利用紫外扫描法简单分析了 Fenton试剂对醋酸钠难降解有机物的降解效率 ,达到了 1 6.39%。