渤海COD与石油烃环境容量计算

总结评述海洋环境容量计算的3类方法,分析了它们的适用条件和不足之处,并对最优化法加以改进计算了渤海的环境容量。然后用HAMSOM模式模拟了渤海的流场,用SPM模式模拟了渤海的浓度场,计算了渤海的COD和石油烃环境容量。渤海在Ⅰ~Ⅳ类海水水质标准下的COD环境容量分别为36.59×104t/a,54.88×104t/a,73.13×104t/a和91.45×104t/a;在Ⅰ~Ⅳ类海水水质标准下的石油烃环境容量分别为2.82×104t/a,16.86×104t/a和28.17×104t/a。     

Characteristics of organic matter as indicators of pollution from small‐scale livestock and nitrate contamination of shallow groundwater in an agricultural area

The main purpose of this study was to examine the hydrogeochemical factors leading to nitrate contamination of shallow groundwater in an agricultural area. Another purpose was to identify relationships between variations in organic matter levels (as estimated by the BOD and COD parameters) of groundwater that transports effluent from small‐scale livestock holdings. Major cations, anions, BOD and COD of organic matter and total coliforms were analysed. It was found that groundwaters beneath cultivated areas and areas carrying livestock had higher concentrations of calcium, nitrate and chloride than did freshwater. Above all, the nitrification process increased concentrations of nitrate. Nitrate levels were depressed in some places where the groundwater was low in dissolved oxygen. Groundwaters affected by livestock activities showed high concentrations of organic matter (BOD, COD) and high microbial concentrations (as indicated by total coliforms). The COD/BOD ratio increased in the downward direction. It was inferred that this was due to the faster loss of easily biodegradable organic matter compared with non‐biodegradable organic matter proceeding away from a discharge. Accordingly, it is possible to trace effluent in a small area back to a point source by monitoring the COD/BOD ratio of groundwater. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Removal of eutrophication factors and heavy metal from a closed cultivation system using the macroalgae, Gracilaria sp. (Rhodophyta)

In this study,the ability of macroalgae Gracilaria sp.of removing eutrophication factors and toxic heavy metals Al,Cr,and Zn in a closed cultivation system is reported.The results show that the concentration of the three heavy metals decreased significantly during the experimental period in an algal biomass dependent manner.The biofiltration capacity of the alga for Al,Cr,and Zn is 10.1%-72.6%,52.5%-83.4% and 36.5%-91.7%,respectively.Using more materials resulted in stronger heavy metal removal.Additionally...     

The flux of land-based source pollutants from tumen river system entering the sea of Japan

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The flux of land-based source pollutants from tumen river system entering the sea of Japan

The influence of land-based source pollutants to marine ecological environment is principally in coastal or enclosed sea wates. Flux of land-based source pollutants into the sea will be effected due to social and economic development in the Tumen River basin. Pollutant type and primary pollution factor of the Tumen River in Northeast China is described by weighted coefficient method in this paper. The results indicate that the river is organic pollution type and primary pollution factor is COD. Fresh water fraction proves that the estuary is not affected by tide cycle. COD annual flux entering the Sea of Japan calculated by zero-dimension model in 1993 was 90.50 × 10³ tons. It is estimated with emission coefficient method that the COD will be 176.4 × 10³ and 458.6 × 10³ tons for the years of 2000 and 2010 respectively. This work is sponored by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry.     

Electrochemical Degradation of Remazol Black B Dye Effluent

This study focused on the electrochemical degradation of hydrolyzed Remazol Black B (CI Reactive Black 5), a common diazo reactive dye, in aqueous solution. In the presence of various auxiliary dye chemicals, a typical Remazol Black simulated exhausted dyebath liquor was treated electrochemically in various basic electrochemical reactor configurations such as batch, batch recirculation and single pass systems. The effect of current density, supporting electrolyte concentration, electrolysis duration, specific electrode surface and fluid flow rate on pollutant removal and energy consumption performance of the systems was critically evaluated. Batch studies show the following operating parameters, current density: 2.5 A/dm², electrolysis duration: 6 h, and supporting electrolyte concentration: 3 g/L, were optimal for good overall performance of the system. Color removal was complete by 3 h of treatment for all combinations of parameters studied. The pollutant removal performance of the batch recirculation system was found to have improved considerably by increasing the flow rate. Performance of the batch recirculation system was comparatively better than the other rector configurations studied, with respect to capacity utilization and energy consumption.     

滇池化学需氧量及营养盐负荷量的预测

本文采用多元线性回归及合田健模型分别对滇池有机污染及富营养化的主要因子COD、TN、TP进行预测,并将污染负荷量分至各点源。定量说明污水处理厂对治理城市污水的积极作用,为流域进行污染治理提供了科学依据。     

Treatment of Synthetic Olefin Plant Wastewater at Various Salt Concentrations in a Membrane Bioreactor

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of salt concentration on performance of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for treating an olefin plant wastewater. For this purpose, a lab‐scale submerged MBR with a flat‐sheet ultrafiltration membrane was used for treatment of synthetic wastewater according to oxidation and neutralization unit of olefin plant. The synthetic wastewater was adjusted to have 500 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD). Trials on different concentrations of sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) (0–20 000 ppm) in the feed were conducted under aerobic conditions in the MBR. The results showed that increasing the salt concentrations causes an increase in the effluent COD, phenol, and oil concentrations. These results are due to reduction of the membrane filtration efficiency and also decline in the microbial activity that it is indicated by decreasing the sOUR in MBR. But in all the trials, the effluent COD and oil concentration was well within the local discharge limit of 100 and 10 mg/L, respectively. These results indicate that the MBR system is highly efficient for treating the olefin plant wastewater, and although high salt concentrations decreased organic contaminant removal rates in the MBR, the effluent still met the discharge limits for treating the olefin plant wastewater.     

催化氧化糖蜜酒精废液催化剂的制备

根据内电解-催化氧化法的应用特点,选用颗粒活性炭作为催化剂的载体,采用浸渍法制备催化剂,并通过用不同催化剂对糖蜜酒精废液COD去除率的比较,确定最佳的催化剂制备条件:Cu(NO3)2浓度为7.5%,浸渍12h,260℃~300℃焙烧活化10~14h;多次使用后的Cu-AC催化剂由催化剂再生技术再生,并应用于糖蜜酒精废液处理。