应用计算机绘制地层柱状剖面图的尝试

本文是使用计算机绘制的地层柱状剖面图和柱状剖面对比图的尝试。分析认为,表示各种岩石类型的花纹图式都是由简单的几何图形或符号组成,而这些图形、符号均可用一些简单的数学式子表述。因此,完全可以用计算机输出。文中讨论了岩石花纹符号的设计方法和输出步骤,并附有输出的柱状剖面图和剖面对比图实例。结果表明,使用本方法不仅方便可行,而且速度快、精度高、质量好。     

C3相干体技术在陷落柱识别中的应用

介绍了C3相干体算法的基本原理和具体实现方法.通过对实际资料的分析解释可以看出,相干体切片能清晰地展示陷落柱、断层的空间属性信息,是一种有效的断层、陷落柱解释方法,可以提高解释精度,缩短勘探周期.与传统解释方法相比,相干技术在陷落柱检测中有着更大的优势.     

瞬变电磁法在探测小窑采空区、陷落柱中的应用

通过矿区勘探的三个典型实例,介绍了使用CUGTEM-2002型瞬变电磁系统在探测小窑采空区积水和陷落柱方面的应用。根据瞬变电磁法对低阻地质体的灵敏性,采用在已知地质异常位置布设测线获取地质异常资料特征,然后推断整个测区资料成果的勘探方法,可取得较好的地质效果。实践证明,瞬变电磁法是探测金属矿体、小窑采空区等地质异常体的一种有效手段。     

Performance of alkaline reactive materials in the remediation of acidic groundwater

Acidic groundwater and surface water are common problems in coastal Australia causing massive fish kills, attack of concrete and steel structures, and clogging of waterways. The best solution is the construction of a permeable reactive barrier （PRB） to neutralise the acidic groundwater before entering nearby waterways. A PRB consists of a trench filled with reactive material that intersects the flow-path of a contaminant plume and ameliorates the contaminated groundwater. A PRB is being designed in a pilot scale study in ASS in southeastern Australia. The groundwater is acidic （pH 3） with high A1 （40 mg/L） and Fe （530 mg/L） levels. When the acidic groundwater comes into contact with this PRB, the acid will be neutralized by the alkaline reactive materials and the aluminum and iron will be removed from the groundwater. Twenty-five alkaline materials were tested for use in the PRB, with an emphasis on waste materials, including oyster shells and recycled concrete. Batch tests were used to select the best two reactive materials for use in the column tests. The pH achieved by each material was controlled by the reaction kinetics of the dominant alkaline component.     

Prediction of the force–drift envelope for RC columns in flexure by the CAE method

A non‐parametric empirical approach, called the conditional average estimator (CAE) method, has been applied for the prediction of the normalized lateral force–drift envelope of reinforced concrete (RC) rectangular columns, as well as their characteristic drifts (effective yield drift, capping drift and ultimate drift), and drift‐related parameters (the ratio between the effective yield drift and elastic drift, and two ductility measures). A subset of the PEER RC column database was used. Five input parameters were employed: axial load index, index related to confinement, shear span index, concrete compressive strength, and longitudinal reinforcement index. The results suggest that the relations between the input and output parameters are complex, and that it is difficult to isolate the influence of a single parameter. Nevertheless, some trends were observed. The axial load index is the most influential input parameter. All the results decrease with an increasing axial load index, whereas they increase with an increasing longitudinal reinforcement index. An increase in the index related to confinement results in increases in the ultimate drift and in ductility. The influence of the shear span index is the most complex. The influence of the concrete strength is small with the exception of two output parameters related to elastic drift, which substantially decrease with increasing strength. The dispersion of the results is relatively large. The results of the predictions can be used for mathematical modelling of moment–rotation backbone curves for plastic hinges, and for the estimation of the deformation capacity of columns in seismic performance assessments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quantitative Separation of As(III) and As(V) from a Synthetic Water Solution Using Ion Exchange Columns in the Presence of Fe and Mn Ions

The quantitative separation of As(III) from a water sample containing As(III) and As(V) in the presence of Fe and Mn in an ion exchange resin (AG1 X8) column for the speciation of arsenic is described. Individual and combined effects of Fe and Mn on the separation of As(III) from the solution have been studied separately. In absence of Fe and Mn, the ratio between the As(T) concentration in the eluent and the As(III) concentration in the original sample has been found to be 0.9717 under optimum process conditions. The presence of Fe(II) in the water sample increased the As(T) concentration in the eluent whereas Mn(II) decreased it. Combined effects of Fe and Mn on the percentage increment in the eluent arsenic concentration have been expressed by additive and interactive models. The interactive model has been developed by a statistical software with a 95 % confidence level. In most of the cases the error on the determination of the As(III) concentration had a minimum when using the interactive model.     

三维地震勘探在构造复杂地区的应用

山西某勘探区地形较平坦,相对高差较小,地表多为第四系黄土覆盖,零星有基岩出露,岩石风化严重,无潜水位．激发条件较复杂。该区主要可采3^#煤层埋藏最浅为75m,最深处245m,层位沉积不稳定．厚度变化剧烈;15^#煤层上距3^#煤层90m±,沉积相对稳定。该区二煤层形成的反射波T3和T15波虽可辨认,但因煤层埋深较浅．易受浅层干扰,有效叠加次数减少。通过实验,确定了激发及接收参数;在资料处理上利用叠前及叠后反褶积以提高分辨率：在解释中,充分利用水平切片、层拉平切片等方法,结合相干体、方差体技术进行相关特征对比及验证,有效识别出勘探区内的断层、陷落柱、采空区、无煤及薄煤区,为煤矿生产提供了可靠的地质保障。     

陷落柱的高斯射线束法模拟

以山西潞安矿区地层为参照,建立圆锥状陷落柱模型,模型区域为[0,1000]×[0,600]。分别在模型（0,0）、（250,0）和（500,0）三点激发,101道接收,道距10m。采用高斯射线束法对陷落柱模型进行地震射线追踪,模拟结果表明陷落柱柱面产生的反射波只有小部分能为地表所接收,难以形成能量可观的连续的反射波。另外根据射线路径,提出了延迟反射波（包括“反射—透射波”和“透射—反射波”）的概念,认为延迟反射波是在地表一定范围内可以接收到的陷落柱的特征波,它对CMP道集、水平叠加及偏移处理均会造成影响,从而影响陷落柱的地震解释精度。延迟反射波很可能就是实际揭露陷落柱规模小于地震资料解释结果的原因之一。     

三维地震勘探技术在潞安矿区的应用

潞安矿区属黄土丘陵地貌,浅层地震地质条件较好,但由于矿区内村庄、工业矿区等地面建筑较多,严重影响数据采集质量。目前潞安矿区三维地震勘探存在的主要问题为：小构造遗漏较多,特别是5m以下的断层和20m以下的陷落柱;陷落柱的解释误差较大,影响巷道及工作面布置;时深转换不准确,煤层底板等高线出入较大;第四系厚度不准。虽然受测区地震地质条件和技术限制存在多解性和误差,但就潞安矿区已开展的三维地震勘探来看,采区三维地震勘探是潞安矿区精细化地质勘查的必要手段,其在煤矿生产的合理设计、采区的合理划分及巷道、工作面的合理布置等方面发挥了重要作用。     

Impact of 4DVAR Assimilation of AIRS Total Column Ozone Observations on the Simulation of Hurricane Earl

The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder(AIRS) provides twice-daily global observations of brightness temperature, which can be used to retrieve the total column ozone with high spatial and temporal resolution.In order to apply the AIRS ozone data to numerical prediction of tropical cyclones, a four-dimensional variational(4DVAR) assimilation scheme on selected model levels is adopted and implemented in the mesoscale non-hydrostatic model MM5. Based on the correlation between total column ozone and potential vorticity(PV), the observation operator of each level is established and five levels with highest correlation coefficients are selected for the 4DVAR assimilation of the AIRS total column ozone observations. The results from the numerical experiments using the proposed assimilation scheme for Hurricane Earl show that the ozone data assimilation affects the PV distributions with more mesoscale information at high levels first and then influences those at middle and low levels through the so-called asymmetric penetration of PV anomalies.With the AIRS ozone data being assimilated, the warm core of Hurricane Earl is intensified, resulting in the improvement of other fields near the hurricane center. The track prediction is improved mainly due to adjustment of the steering flows in the assimilation experiment.