高分辨率多波束声纳系统海底目标物检测技术

结合近几年出现的高分辨率多波束测深系统的性能特点,通过检测实例,介绍其在海底管道(尤其是裸露管道)检测中的相关技术及及检测成果。结果证实,高分辨率多波束测深系统可以准确检测海底小尺寸目标物,为其新特性的推广应用提供技术参考。     

后弯管式波力发电装置气室结构的试验研究

后弯管式波力发电装置作为一种漂浮式振荡水柱式装置,具有可靠性强、安装维护方便、工作地点灵活的特点。本文在前人研究基础上,以10kW级后弯管式漂浮型发电装置为研究对象,以装置的水动力学性能为主要研究内容,以气室内相对波高作为主要表征参数,通过断面水槽水工物理模型试验,考察了气室内水柱振荡幅度与入射波波高和入射波周期之间的关系,分析了气室完全开敞、输气管添加负载以及弯管横管长度对气室内水柱振荡的影响,为进一步的大功率装置设计与试验提供了理论依据。     

Seismic response evaluation of the linked column frame system

The linked column frame (LCF) system is proposed as a seismic load resisting system that uses conventional components to limit seismic damage to relatively easily replaced elements. The LCF features a primary lateral system, denoted the linked column, which is made up of dual columns connected with replaceable links, and a secondary flexible moment frame system with beams having fully restrained connections at one end and simple connections at the other. The linked columns are designed to limit seismic forces and provide energy dissipation via link yielding, while preventing damage to the moment frame under certain earthquake hazard levels. A design procedure is proposed that ensures plastic hinges develop in the links of the linked columns at a significantly lower story drift than when plastic hinges develop in the moment frame beams. The large drift difference helps enable design of this system for two distinct performance states: rapid return to occupancy, where only link damage occurs and relatively simple link replacement is possible, and collapse prevention, where both the links and the beams of the moment frame may be damaged. A series of 3‐story, 6‐story, and 9‐story prototype LCF buildings were designed using the proposed design approach. Nonlinear models were developed for the designs with the link models validated using recent experimental results. The seismic response of these systems was investigated for ground motions representing various seismic hazard levels. Results show that the LCF system not only provides collapse prevention, but also has the capability of limiting economic loss by reducing structural damage and allowing for rapid return to occupancy following earthquakes with shorter return periods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental evaluation of rectangular reinforced concrete column behaviour under biaxial cyclic loading

The cyclic behaviour of reinforced concrete columns has been the subject of many experimental studies in recent years. However, most of these studies have focused on the unidirectional loading of columns with square cross‐sections under constant axial loading conditions. In the present study, four types of full‐scale quadrangular building columns were tested under different types of loading, including uniaxial and biaxial loading conditions. The first two specimens of each column type were independently cyclically tested in the strong and weak directions. Bidirectional tests using different loading paths were performed on the other column specimens. All columns were tested under constant axial loading conditions. In this paper, the experimental results are presented, and the global behaviour of tested columns is discussed, particularly focusing on the stiffness and strength degradation because of the increasing cyclic demand. Finally, the deformation‐based performance limits proposed in Part 3 of Eurocode 8 were calculated and compared with the experimental results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢管混凝土边框内藏带斜肋钢板中高剪力墙抗震性能试验

提出了钢管混凝土边框内藏斜撑肋钢板组合中高剪力墙.为研究这种组合剪力墙的抗震性能,进行了5个不同构造的中高剪力墙模型低周反复荷载试验.分析了试件的损伤特征、承载力、耗能、滞回特性,提出了正截面抗弯承载力计算模型,计算结果与试验符合较好.研究表明:钢管混凝土边框内藏钢板组合剪力墙具有较高的承载力和良好的耗能性能;钢管混凝土边框内藏带斜撑肋钢板中高剪力墙,适于在墙体厚度小于钢管尺寸或内藏钢板厚度较薄的“强边框、弱墙体”情况下应用,可明显减轻钢管混凝土边框底部的损伤,延缓墙体性能退化,提高组合剪力墙的抗震能力.     

Analysis and seismic tests of composite shear walls with CFST columns and steel plate deep beams

A composite shear wall concept based on concrete filled steel tube （CFST） columns and steel plate （SP） deep beams is proposed and examined in this study. The new wall is composed of three different energy dissipation elements： CFST columns; SP deep beams; and reinforced concrete （RC） strips. The RC strips are intended to allow the core structural elements - the CFST columns and SP deep beams - to work as a single structure to consume energy. Six specimens of different configurations were tested under cyclic loading. The resulting data are analyzed herein. In addition, numerical simulations of the stress and damage processes for each specimen were carried out, and simulations were completed for a range of location and span-height ratio variations for the SP beams. The simulations show good agreement with the test results. The core structure exhibits a ductile yielding mechanism characteristic of strong column-weak beam structures, hysteretic curves are plump and the composite shear wall exhibits several seismic defense lines. The deformation of the shear wall specimens with encased CFST column and SP deep beam design appears to be closer to that of entire shear walls. Establishing optimal design parameters for the configuration of SP deep beams is pivotal to the best seismic behavior of the wall. The new composite shear wall is therefore suitable for use in the seismic design of building structures.     

地幔熔融柱反演软件Calmantle1.0与云南腾冲地区新生代岩石圈厚度变化的初步讨论

基于前人提出的地幔熔融柱模型和反演方法,笔者编写了一个界面友好的应用软件Calmantle1.0。应用Calmantle1.0,用户可轻易获得玄武岩部分熔融源区的起止条件,包括温度、压力、深度、部分熔融程度等。文中介绍该软件的使用方法,并以腾冲新生代玄武质岩石为例,说明熔融柱反演的地球动力学意义。Calmantle1.0从收集的154个腾冲火山岩分析结果中筛选出两组(N2和Q3)有效数据,反演得到其部分熔融起止深度分别为99～79km和109～88km。结合现今岩石圈厚度(60km)和地质限定条件,提出腾冲地区新生代造山之后经历了岩石圈厚度从约110km→约79km→约110km→约88km→约60km的变化过程。进而认为这是近场应力场与远场应力场强相互作用的结果,腾冲地区的现代地壳变形主要受近场应力场的控制。     

Variation Trend and Characteristics of Anthropogenic CO Column Content in the Atmosphere over Beijing and Moscow

The anthropogenic CO column content in the atmosphere is derived from measurements with infrared grating spectrometers in Beijing, China, and Moscow, Russia, during 1992-2012. Some specific variation char- acteristics and long-term variation trends of the CO col- umn content in the atmosphere in these regions are dis- cussed. An evident variation trend of anthropogenic CO in the atmosphere for the Beijing region is not observed during 1992-2012, while for the Moscow region, it de- creases yearly by about 1.4% for the same period. High CO concentrations appear quite frequently in Beijing, but much less frequently in Moscow, except during the natu- ral fire events in summer 2010. From back trajectory analysis, the high CO concentration observed in Beijing can be attributed to the intensive CO emission sources in its surrounding areas.     

倒置外露灌浆套筒连接的不同轴压比柱脚节点抗震性能试验研究

为了解决传统内置灌浆套筒竖向连接施工过程不可视和灌浆质量可控性差,提出“灌浆后再二次封边”的倒置外露钢筋灌浆套筒连接方法。通过设计制作3个截面尺寸为400 mm×400 mm的足尺试件,采用竖向荷载作用下的低周往复荷载试验,研究了该新型装配柱脚节点在不同轴压比作用下的抗震性能。结果表明:不同轴压比作用下各装配柱脚节点试件灌浆套筒均完好;伴随轴压比增大,柱脚节点区塑性铰上移,柱身开裂高度上升;柱脚节点开裂与极限荷载均随轴压比增大而增大,但延性系数随轴压比的增大而降低（试件S1、S2和S3对应的延性系数分别是3.08、2.77和2.56）并且刚度退化进程缩短;伴随轴压比增大开裂位移角变大和极限位移角变小,最小值分别为1/479、1/35,均大于规范限值,满足抗震设计要求。建议装配柱脚节点应适度延长柱端箍筋加密区范围,深化柱脚节点区受力机制的研究。