芦山7.0级地震单层砖柱排架厂房震害特征及抗震分析

单层砖柱排架厂房是我国中小企业生产用房的主要形式,目前此类结构仍广泛存在于经济欠发达的地区。历次地震震害资料表明,单层砖柱排架厂房在地震中比较容易损坏。本文通过对芦山地震中单层砖柱排架厂房的震害现场调查,总结了单层砖柱排架厂房的震害特征并分析其破坏原因;统计了几次地震中单层砖柱排架厂房的震害资料,给出了修正的未设防单层砖柱排架厂房地震易损性矩阵;最后,采用了逐步回归法,柱顶位移角法及模糊震害指数法分别对单层砖柱排架厂房进行震害预测,并将各种方法的震害预测结果与实际震害情况进行了对比分析。本文研究对认识该类结构的易损性、震害机理和抗震薄弱部位,指导抗震加固有着重要意义。     

深长变径搅拌桩荷载传递规律的试验研究

采用一种新型的地基处理方式--变径水泥土搅拌桩,处理了浙江省湖州地区深达20多米的深厚软土地基,通过对载荷试验和桩身应力实测资料的分析,研究了深长变径搅拌桩的承载特性和荷载传递机制。研究表明,受到桩身强度的限制,荷载沿桩身传递限定在一定范围内;由于桩径的变化,桩身应力在变截面处出现了应力集中现象;桩身轴力沿深度逐渐衰减,且在变径位置以上桩体衰减速率较下部快;最大侧摩阻力发生在桩顶附近,在变径处附近由于扩大头端承作用而锐减,但变径位置以下一定深度范围内的桩侧摩阻力得到提高;扩大头端承力随桩顶荷载的增加而逐渐变大,但占总荷载的比例不大,桩侧摩阻力仍提供了大部分的承载力,因此变径水泥土搅拌桩属于有支点端承力的摩擦桩。结合3种不同单桩破坏模式,提出了深长变径搅拌桩的单桩极限承载力计算公式,经过试算发现与现场试验结果相差在10%以内,计算结果可靠,可推广应用于实际工程中。     

Shaking table test and numerical simulation of an RC frame‐core tube structure for earthquake‐induced collapse

The reinforced concrete frame‐core tube structure is a common form of high‐rise building; however, certain vertical components of these structures are prone to be damaged by earthquakes, debris flow, or other accidents, leaving no time for repair or retrofit. This study is motivated by a practical problem—that is, the seismic vulnerability and collapse resistant capability under future earthquakes when a vertical member has failed. A reduced scale model (1:15 scale) of a typical reinforced concrete frame‐core tube with a corner column removed from the first floor is designed, fabricated, and tested. The corner column is replaced by a jack, and the failure behavior is simulated by manually unloading the jack. The model is then excited by a variety of seismic ground motions on the shaking table. Experimental results concerning the seismic responses and actual process of collapse are presented herein. Finally, the earthquake‐induced collapse process is simulated numerically using the software program ANSYS/LS‐DYNA. Validation and calibration of the model are carried out by comparison with the experimental results. Furthermore, based on both experimental investigations and numerical simulations, the collapse mechanism is discussed, and some suggestions on collapse design are put forward. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite element simulations of wave propagation in soils using a Viscoelastic model

Wave propagation in soil is dependent on both the stiffness and the material damping of the soil. While some researchers have performed finite element modelling of resonant column tests and wave propagation in soil, most do not describe the methodology in detail and there is little or no verification of the correctness of the model. Viscoelastic model has been used to model wave propagation in soil. However, the determination of the parameters in the viscoelastic model is complicated and the parameters may not be related to the soil properties. This paper presents a simplified viscoelastic model with soil parameters obtainable from advanced geotechnical testing to simulate wave propagation in soil medium taking into account of material damping. The viscoelastic material model was first calibrated by replicating torsional, longitudinal and flexural modes resonant column tests. The relationships between the parameters of the simplified viscoelastic model and their corresponding stiffness and damping properties were investigated. An equation was proposed to correlate the decay constant used in the simplified viscoelastic model and the material damping ratio obtained through the application of the logarithmic decrement method on the modelled resonant column test results. The simplified viscoelastic model was then evaluated by modelling wave propagation in a semi-infinite medium. Results indicated that the viscoelastic model with parameters as proposed in this paper is able to model wave propagation in soils.     

Liquefaction potential and strain dependent dynamic properties of Kasai River sand

The availability of efficient numerical techniques and high speed computation facilities for carrying out the nonlinear dynamic analysis of soil-structure interaction problems and the analysis of ground response due to earthquake loading increase the demand for proper estimation of dynamic properties of soil at small strain as well as at large strain levels. Accurate evaluation of strain dependent dynamic properties of soil such as shear modulus and damping characteristics along with the liquefaction potential are the most important criteria for the assessments of geotechnical problems involving dynamic loading. In this paper the results of resonant column tests and undrained cyclic triaxial tests are presented for Kasai River sand. A new correlation for dynamic shear damping (D_s) and maximum dynamic shear modulus (G_max) are proposed for the sand at small strain. The proposed relationships and the observed experimental data match quite well. The proposed relationships are also compared with the published relationships for other sands. The liquefaction potential of the sand is estimated at different relative densities and the damping characteristics at large strain level is also reported. An attempt has been made to correlate the G_max with the cyclic strength of the soil and also with the deviator stress (at 1% strain) from static triaxial tests.     

沉积泥砂非线性大变形固结沉降计算模型

沉积形成的水底黏性泥砂自重固结过程表现出显著非线性大变形固结特征,应采用大变形固结理论进行泥砂沉积固结计算。基于软黏土一维非线性大应变固结理论,应用有效应力、渗透系数与孔隙比间扩展幂次函数固结本构关系,由达西定律、有效应力原理、连续介质方程等建立大变形固结控制方程,根据固结单元孔隙水渗流、单元变形与泥砂沉积层固结沉降耦合关系形成黏性泥砂大变形自重固结数值模型。泥砂自重作为固结荷载,数值模型假定沉积泥砂各向同性且固结沉降应变、孔隙水渗流仅发生于竖直方向,为一维单向沉积固结过程;采用泥砂沉降柱试验确定泥砂非线性扩展幂次函数关系参数。模型应用中,划分竖向固结单元,由沉积泥砂固结本构关系确定各固结单元有效应力及超孔隙水应力,通过超孔隙水应力时间维度上的消散过程及各固结参数间的耦合关系计算泥砂固结沉降。数值模型计算结果表明,沉积黏性泥砂自重固结初期表现为有效应力调整过程,初始有效应力与孔隙比根据固结本构关系匹配调整为扩展幂次函数关系;沉积泥砂应变与应力固结度存在20%左右误差,泥砂固结沉降发展快于超孔隙水应力消散过程,证明沉积泥砂固结沉降变形的发展与超孔隙水应力消散并非同步耦合。计算模型应用于室内沉降柱试验模拟淤积黏性泥砂自重固结沉降预测中,模型输出与试验结果符合良好。     

竖向荷载下加筋碎石桩复合地基数值分析

采用三维有限元程序建立了一长为6 m、直径为0.8 m的加筋碎石桩复合地基流固耦合数值模型,分析了其在堆载和孔压消散过程中的荷载传递和变形特性。较传统碎石桩,加筋碎石桩复合地基桩土应力比显著增大,超孔压、沉降和桩身侧向变形显著减小,且随筋材刚度的增大,其性能进一步改善。加筋碎石桩复合地基在桩间土固结过程中产生明显的桩土差异沉降,形成土拱效应,使得堆载结束后桩土应力比变化很小。筋材长度对加筋碎石桩复合地基桩土应力比和沉降影响显著,应对其全长加筋才能保证桩体刚度和有效减少沉降。     

底部加强型多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱抗震性能试验研究

为适应巨型框架结构发展,提出了一种底部加强型多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱。为了比较它与相应普通多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱抗震性能的差异,进行了6个1/25缩尺的巨型柱模型在轴向压力或轴向拉力下的低周反复荷载试验研究。6个模型中:按底部截面构造区分,3个试件为底部加强型巨型柱模型,3个试件为相应普通巨型柱模型;按轴力作用方向区分,4个试件为轴压试件,轴压比分别为0.5、0.25,2个试件为轴拉试件,轴拉比为0.2。比较分析了各试件的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、延性、滞回特性、耗能和破坏特征。研究表明:底部加强型巨型柱与普通巨型柱相比,承载力、延性、耗能能力明显提高,刚度退化速度减慢,工作性能较稳定;轴压试件与轴拉试件相比,轴压试件抗震性能相对较好。     

一种带构造柱混凝土砌块墙体抗震性能试验研究

提出了一种带构造柱混凝土砌块承重墙体,并已获得国家发明专利。进行了2个带构造柱混凝土砌块墙体和2个普通带芯柱混凝土砌块墙体低周反复荷载下抗震性能比较试验研究。砌块墙体高宽比为0.6和1.0,厚度均为240 mm,轴压比均为0.3。对比分析了各墙体的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、延性、耗能和破坏特征。研究表明,所提出的带构造柱混凝土砌块墙体与普通带芯柱混凝土砌块墙体相比,抗震性能显著提高。     

不同方向水平力下多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱抗震性能研究

提出了一种异形截面的多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱,研究了其在不同方向水平力作用下的抗震性能。进行了6个1/25缩尺的巨型柱模型在竖向荷载和不同方向水平反复荷载作用下的抗震性能试验研究,其中:2个试件的水平力沿截面长轴方向施加,2个试件的水平力沿截面短轴方向施加,2个试件的水平力沿与长轴及短轴呈45度方向施加,3种水平力加载方向的试件轴压比分别为0.5、0.25。基于试验结果,分析了各试件的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、延性、滞回特性、耗能和破坏特征。进行了数值模拟分析,计算结果与试验符合较好。研究表明,提出的异形截面多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱有良好的抗震性能,且其抗震性能与水平力作用方向相关。