沉管挤密抗拔防浮碎石桩的抗拔承载力计算分析

基于现场试验检测结果,分析了沉管干振挤密抗拔防浮碎石桩在砂土中的抗拔破坏模式和应力传递机理,运用极限平衡原理研究了抗拔承载力,得到了极限抗拔承载力计算公式,并利用公式对工程实测结果进行了分析比较,表明两者较为一致。现场试验表明,未达破坏荷载前,抗拔碎石桩的抗拔承载力与变形有较明显的线性关系;抗拔碎石桩破坏性状明显,能明确得到抗拔碎石桩的破坏荷载。     

近海码头大圆筒基床夹泥的砂砾挤扩灌浆桩加固法

针对长流油气码头海上重达千吨以上的大圆筒码头基床夹泥引起倾斜的工程问题,研究提出了砂砾挤扩灌浆桩的 加固新方法,并进行了加固设计、现场施工和质量检测。检测结果表明,挤入淤泥和粉土中的纯砂砾柱平均直径达到55～ 82 cm,28 d龄期时水泥砂砾灌浆体取芯的抗压强度达到4.3～11.4 MPa。工程竣工使用1年状态良好,表明砂砾挤扩灌浆桩的提出和应用取得圆满成功。     

Modelling evaporation processes in soils from the Huasco salt flat basin,Chile

The need to understand and simulate hydrological phenomena and their interactions, and the impact of anthropogenic and climate changes on natural environments have promoted the study of evaporation from bare soils in arid climates. In closed Altiplano basins, such as those encountered in arid and hyper arid basins in northern Chile, evaporation from shallow groundwater is the main source of aquifer depletion, and thus, its study is crucial for water resources management. The objective of this work is to understand the mechanisms of evaporation in saline soils with shallow water tables, in order to better quantify evaporation fluxes and improve our understanding of the water balance in these regions. To achieve this objective, a model that couples fluid flow with heat transfer was developed and calibrated using column experiments with saline soils from the Huasco salt flat basin, Chile. The model enables determination of both liquid and water vapour fluxes, as well as the location of the evaporation front. Experimental results showed that salt transport inside the soil profile modified the water retention curve, highlighting the importance of including salt transport when modelling the evaporation processes in these soils. Indeed, model simulations only agreed with the experimental data when the effect of salt transport on water retention curves was taken into account. Model results also showed that the evaporation front is closer to the soil surface as the water table depth reduces. Therefore, the model allows determining the groundwater level depth that results in disconnection of liquid fluxes in the vadose zone. A sensitivity analysis allowed understanding the effect of water‐flux enhancements mechanisms on soil evaporation. The results presented in this study are important as they allow quantifying the evaporation that occurs in bare soils from Altiplano basins, which is typically the main water discharge in these closed basins. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sequential Separation of Uranium,Hafnium and Neodymium from Natural Waters Concentrated by Iron Coprecipitation

A new ion exchange chromatography method is presented for the isolation of high field‐strength elements (HFSE) from freshwater and seawater samples that have undergone iron coprecipitation. Large volumes of water can be condensed through the application of iron coprecipitation, but clean separation of elements from the precipitate proves difficult. The technique described is a five‐column process designed to separate the HFSE, including rare earth elements such as neodymium and hafnium, before removing the iron and isolating uranium. Subsequent isolation of Nd and Hf was achieved using established ion exchange chromatography methods. The efficacy of our chemistry was verified by measurements of analytical reference materials – both reference solutions and seawater samples – subjected to the chemical separation methods described. Elution results indicate high yields (> 90%) determined by concentration measurements of a known reference material added to each column. Measurement results for isotopic compositions of seawater (U, Nd) and reference solutions (NIST SRM 960, U) were identical within uncertainty to previously published values. Compositions were identical between solutions (Spex CLMS3, Spex PLND2) that underwent different iron coprecipitation procedures. Isotopic determinations for reference materials JNdi‐1 and NIST SRM 960 measured with the mass spectrometers used in this study were in agreement with universally accepted values for these materials, and indicate high precision.     

石臼坨凸起明化镇组下段油气藏富集规律探讨

石臼坨凸起油气富集程度受岩性-构造控制,油源,储层,运移是影响油气富集条件的最主要的影响因素;通过油源对比、储层发育特征及运移能力分析,结果表明以渤中凹陷烃源岩为油源的石臼坨凸起南侧、构造高部位、断砂耦合长度较长的砂层段,一般含油丰度、油柱高度较高,油气较富集,石臼坨凸起南侧断层比较发育,砂体纵向叠合性好的部位是较有利勘探区。     

钢管混凝土叠合柱弹性波CT空洞与脱空缺陷检测分析

钢管混凝土叠合柱是在钢筋混凝土柱中部设置钢管混凝土的一种叠合构件,其缺陷检测已是工程检测领域面临的重要问题。弹性波CT技术是一种发展迅速的工程无损检测技术,能够直观、准确地显示出物体的内部缺陷。针对影响叠合柱性能的空洞与脱空缺陷,探索了弹性波CT无损检测技术,设计了带空洞素混凝土柱、带空洞叠合柱、带脱空叠合柱三个试件,并开展了叠合柱弹性波CT缺陷检测试验。研究结果表明,弹性波CT能够有效地检测叠合柱的空洞与脱空缺陷,填补了叠合柱缺陷检测领域的空白。     

Nonlinear Behaviour of an Embankment on Floating Stone Columns

This paper describes a benchmark problem for a floating stone columns supported embankment. In the 3D model, a thick soft subsoil deposit represented by Singapore marine clay was treated by floating stone columns to support a 2.0 m high embankment. The 3D numerical results were compared among different constitutive models such as the hardening soil model, soft soil model, modified Cam-clay model and Mohr-Coulomb model, highlighting the effect of non-linearity in the overall performance of the ground structure. The advanced constitutive soil models allow more realistic soil response to be investigated. From the numerical results, the Mohr-Coulomb model with elastic-perfectly plastic stress-strain response was able to give comparable total settlements but failed to demonstrate some intrinsic behaviours obtained with advanced soil models. These intrinsic behaviours include the mode of failure, displacements profile, stress transfer mechanism and rate of consolidation. This benchmark example has given us an improved understanding of the performance of floating stone columns when a more realistic soil behaviour is modelled.     

规则桥梁抗震性能水准的定义及其量化描述

基于性能的结构抗震设计是各国结构抗震设计规范未来的主要发展方向,虽然其理论框架已基本形成,然而其中至关重要的结构抗震性能水准的定义及其量化描述问题,目前仍处于研究探讨阶段.本文从公路梁式桥震害现象出发,采用极限状态设计概念,对规则桥梁在地震作用下的性能水准予以明确的定义;并以墩顶漂移率作为设计参数,通过对大量试验数据的...     

聚丙烯纤维增强异形柱边节点的抗震性能研究

通过3个聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土异形柱边节点和1个普通混凝土异形柱边节点的低周反复荷载试验,对比研究了聚丙烯纤维增强对混凝土异形柱节点抗震性能的影响。结果表明:采用聚丙烯纤维增强可以提高节点的开裂荷载和变形能力,减小核心区内裂缝的数量和宽度,延缓构件的刚度退化,减轻节点的累积损伤程度,有效改善节点的破坏形态,有利于节点抗震。     

粉喷桩施工引起的超孔隙水压力分析

依托江苏某省道软基处理工程对桩周土压力和超孔隙水压力进行现场测试。测试结果表明:粉喷桩施工过程中桩周土体同步产生较大超静孔隙水压力和土压力,随离桩距离增大而减小;施工完成后1小时内超孔隙水压力基本消散完毕;粉喷桩施工速度越快,土体中产生的超孔压越大;超孔压朝着施工方向累积,背着施工方向表现出遮蔽现象;跳打施工比顺序施工所产生的超孔压要小。通过改进施工速度、顺序、方向以及桩间距能有效地减小粉喷桩施工引起的超孔隙水压力。