中俄原油管道工程(漠河大庆段)沿线气温、地表和浅层地温年际变化特征

分析了中俄原油管道(漠河-大庆段)沿线自建站至2005年的月平均气温和地温观测资料,并通过插补建立了1961—2005年漠-大沿线各站各季及年平均温度资料完整序列.结果表明:各站年平均气温具有很好的相关性,近40多年年平均气温在20世纪60年代最低,70年代略有回升,80年代后气温逐渐升高,进入90年代后期升温有所减缓;沿线各站的年平均地表温度也是20世纪70年代最低,70年代进入80年代升温最明显.气温升温最显著的是冬、春季,升温率分别达到0.71℃.(10a)-1和0.48℃.(10a)-1,夏季升温率只有0.27℃.(10a)-1.年平均气温和地表温度的升温率分别为0.45℃.(10a)-1和0.27℃.(10a)-1,气温的升温比地表温度要快.年平均地表温度要比年平均气温高,深层地温的变化趋势与气温基本一致,在位相上有1～2a的差异.     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷基岩断层相关裂缝发育特征及模拟实验研究

海拉尔盆地基岩潜山油藏的发现拓宽了大庆油田外围油田勘探的领域,裂缝是贝尔凹陷基岩潜山油藏的主要储集空间之一。为查明潜山裂缝发育特征与分布规律,根据大量岩心观察统计资料,研究了裂缝类型、密度、宽度、充填期次等发育特征及基岩断层发育特征。研究表明,贝尔凹陷基岩发育3类断裂:即早期伸展断裂、早期伸展中期张扭长期活动断裂和早期伸展中期张扭晚期反转长期活动断裂。二者的几何学特征、距断层距离及成像测井资料均表明,裂缝主要是断裂构造活动过程中形成的,基岩断层活动的多期性造成了裂缝发育的复杂性。为验证断层对裂缝的控制作用,进行了物理模拟实验,实验结果表明,伴生裂缝主要发育于断层面两侧,距离断层面越远,裂缝密度变小,岩层厚度、断移速率、岩性变化、距断面距离等因素对裂缝发育均有一定的控制作用。     

Undersea Buried Pipeline Reconstruction Based on the Level Set and Inverse Multiquadric Regularization Method

The electric inversion technique reconstructs the subsurface medium distribution from acquired data. On the basis of electric inversion, objects buried under the earth or seabed, such as pipelines and unexploded ordnance, are detected and located in a contactless manner. However, the process of accurately reconstructing the shape of the target object is challenging because electric inversion is a nonlinear and ill-posed problem. In this work, we present an inverse multiquadric (IMQ) regularization method based on the level set function for reconstructing buried pipelines. In the case of locating underwater objects, the unknown inversion area is split into two parts, the background and the pipeline with known conductivity. The geometry of the pipeline is represented based on the level set function for achieving a noiseless inversion image. To obtain a binary image, the IMQ is used as the regularization term, which 'pushes' the level set function away from 0. We also provide an appropriate method to select the bandwidth and regularization pa-rameters for the IMQ regularization term, resulting in reconstructed images with sharp edges. The simulation results and analysis show that the proposed method performs better than classical inversion methods.     

浅谈2.5D磁法反演估算铁矿资源量的多解性

2.5D磁法反演估算铁矿资源量,关键是在垂直磁异常走向上求拟合模型的截面积。该文利用一种常见模型拟合4种实测磁场,发现铁矿截面积与埋深和磁性大小有一定的规律:磁化强度一定时,截面积与埋深呈线性正相关;埋深一定时,截面积与磁化强度呈近似指数形式的反相关。固定深部或外围磁性体参数,单独考虑浅部或中间铁矿模型时也有这种规律。在无钻孔资料及磁性资料不清楚时,磁化强度100 000×10-3~150 000×10-3A/m为估算铁矿资源量的最佳磁参数。因磁法反演的多解性,此类方法适用于钻孔验证前的资源量估计。