Diagenesis and Restructuring Mechanism of Oil and Gas Reservoir in the Marine Carbonate Formation,Northeastern Sichuan:A Case Study of the Puguang Gas Reservoir

Abstract: Based on the technology of balanced cross-section and physical simulation experiments associated with natural gas geochemical characteristic analyses, core and thin section observations, it has been proven that the Puguang gas reservoir has experienced two periods of diagenesis and restructuring since the Late Indo-Chinese epoch. One is the fluid transfer controlled by the tectonic movement and the other is geochemical reconstruction controlled by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The middle Yanshan epoch was the main period that the Puguang gas reservoir experienced the geochemical reaction of TSR. TSR can recreate the fluid in the gas reservoir, which makes the gas drying index higher and carbon isotope heavier because C2+ (ethane and heavy hydrocarbon) and 12C (carbon 12 isotope) is first consumed relative to CH4 and 13C? (carbon 13 isotope). However, the reciprocity between fluid regarding TSR (hydrocarbon, sulfureted hydrogen (H2S)?, and water) and reservoir rock results in reservoir rock erosion and anhydrite alteration, which increases porosity in reservoir, thereby improving the petrophysical properties. Superimposed by later tectonic movement, the fluid in Puguang reservoir has twice experienced adjustment, one in the late Yanshan epoch to the early Himalayan epoch and the other time in late Himalayan epoch, after which Puguang gas reservoir is finally developed.     

“崆峒山组砾岩”形成演化的动力学机制分析

查明"崆峒山组砾岩"形成的动力学环境是认识鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘的盆地原型、构造属性、华北克拉通西部破坏的关键。采用野外调查、取样与室内测样分析相结合的方法,系统研究了"崆峒山组砾岩"的沉积特征、裂变径迹热史,在此基础上以盆山耦合思想为指导,结合区域及深部背景资料,认为崆峒山组砾岩形成于秦祁海槽剪刀式闭合导致的右旋走滑区域背景下,走滑使位于砾岩西侧的青铜峡-固原古断裂复活,控制了崆峒山组砾岩形成。砾岩形成的动力学过程,可分为早期(231～218Ma)走滑拉张断陷沉积阶段,晚期(231～205Ma)走滑挤压坳陷沉积阶段和末期(205～195Ma)隆升剥蚀改造阶段,其分别与裂变径迹热史重建的砾岩快速增温、缓慢降温、快速冷却三个阶段相对应。崆峒山组砾岩埋藏增温的时刻及其形成演化的动力学过程表明,崆峒山组砾岩应为晚三叠世沉积。     

区域尺度农田氮磷非点源污染与模型应用分析

分析了农田非点源污染对生态环境的危害性,并阐述农田氮、磷非点源污染的机理及其在不同自然条件下的影响因素和监测方法。同时,对农田非点源污染的定量化、应用效应等进行了对比分析。此外,结合农田非点源污染与相关模型作了应用实例分析。     

水蚀风蚀过程中土壤可蚀性研究述评

1 IntroductionSoil erosion is the process of detachm ent and transport of soil particles caused by w ater andw ind (M organ,1995).Soilerosion by w ater and w ind leads to decline in soilfertility,brings ona series of negative im pacts of land degradation …     

乌兰布和沙漠晚第四纪以来环境演化研究进展

乌兰布和沙漠晚第四纪以来环境演化呈现湖泊与沙漠多次反复的更替模式,湖相层与松散风成砂层迭覆出现.湖泊发育时间段为120-90 ka、60-50 ka、40-20 ka和8-5.5 ka;沙漠扩展时间段为150-130 ka、90-60 ka、50-40 ka、20-10 ka和5.5 ka--近现代时期.由于时空尺度差...     

1998年中国区域降水低频变化的传播机制的初步分析

使用美国NCEP/NCAR再分析和中国实际降水的逐日资料,研究了1998年夏季中国区域低频降水传播变化的机制.结果显示,(1)中国中东部地区低频降水经向传播都与南海季风和印度季风的变化相对应,低频降水在经向传播中存在不连续现象,是由于低频下沉气流造成的;(2)中国中部区域低频降水纬向传播特征是在不同时间低频降水的纬向传播方向有明显差别,初步认为造成这种现象的可能机制是纬向风气流的变化;(3)高原地区与平原地区之间的低频雨带活动具有不连续性,这是由于在高原东坡存在低频下沉补偿气流造成的.     

俄、蒙、中交界7.9级地震

2003年9月27日19时33分,在俄、蒙、中边界地区发生了Ms7．9地震,新疆阿尔泰地区强烈有感,地震造成经济损失7600万元人民币。文章对此次地震的基本参数、震源机制作了概述,并用遥感资料对地震的构造环境和破裂过程进行了初步分析。     

地震波衰减的物理机制研究

对近年来有关地震波衰减的物理机制进行评述和初步研究认为,对于地壳介质,造成地震波衰减的主要原因是地壳内存在大量裂隙,裂纹中饱含水或部分含水,地震波传播时引起裂隙中的流体运动,从而造成地震波的衰减,对于上地幔,扩散控制的位错阻尼机制可能是造成地幔地震波衰减的一个重要原因,而上地幔软流层部分熔融的存在也是造成地震波衰减不可忽视的原因．     

2007 年长江口邻近海域夏季上升流演变机制研究

研究长江口邻近海域夏季上升流强度和空间分布的变化,对渔业生产和赤潮的防治具有重要的指导意义.采用2007年6~10月高分辨率卫星遥感资料 NGSST 海表温度和 CCMP 风场,通过经验正交函数(EOF)分解和区域海洋数值模式(ROMS)研究了该海域夏季上升流的短期演变机制及其与 SST 异常的关系.结果表明,夏季上升流强度和范围存在明显变化,是引起该海域 SST 异常的重要原因;风场对上升流短期演变起着关键作用,风应力旋度对局地上升流变化的影响与沿岸风应力同等重要;地形变化影响着上升流中心的分布,陡而窄的海底凸起容易在顺流侧形成较强的上升流中心,并在逆流侧诱发下降流.     

Behavior of soil plugs in open‐ended model piles driven into sands

Calibration chamber tests were conducted on open‐ended model piles driven into dried siliceous sands with different soil conditions in order to clarify the effect of soil conditions on load transfer mechanism in the soil plug. The model pile used in the test series was devised so that the bearing capacity of an open‐ended pile could be measured as three components: outside shaft resistance, plug resistance, and tip resistance. Under the assumption that the unit shaft resistance due to pile‐soil plug interaction varies linearly near the pile tip, the plug resistance was estimated. The plug capacity, which was defined as the plug resistance at ultimate condition, is mainly dependent on the ambient lateral pressure and relative density. The length of wedged plug that transfers the load decreases with the decrease of relative density, but it is independent of the ambient pressure and penetration depth. Under several assumptions, the value of earth pressure coefficient in the soil plug can be calculated. It gradually reduces with increase in the longitudinal distance from the pile tip. At the bottom of the soil plug, it tends to decrease with increase in the penetration depth and relative density, and to increase with the increase of ambient pressure. This may be attributed to (1) the decrease of friction angle as a result of increase in the effective vertical stress, (2) the difference in the dilation degree of the soil plug during driving with ambient pressures, and (3) the difference in compaction degree of soil plug during driving with relative densities. Based on the test results, an empirical equation was suggested to compute the earth pressure coefficient to be used in the calculation of plug capacity using one‐dimensional analysis, and it produces proper plug capacities for all soil conditions.