海底地震仪及其国内外发展现状

以改进型得克萨斯海底地震仪为主线,详细描述了海底地震仪的工作原理、主要仪器参数、观测方式和回收方法,同时,对美国、日本等几个国家和地区海底地震仪研制和实际观测工作方面的发展状况作了简要介绍,并对海底地震仪的发展趋势和应用前景作了展望。     

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磁尾宽频带静电噪声的一种新的激发机制

本文提出了磁尾宽频带静电噪声强谱段的一种新的激发机制。在等离子体片边界层中存在着瞬时的局域性的晨昏电场。电子和离子对该电场的响应不同:在电场存在的区域内,电子作回旋漂移运动,而离子轨道在的时间尺度内可视为直线。由于等离子体片边界层中等离子体是非均匀的,这就导致了电荷分离的产生,从而可激发静电不稳定性。本文通过求解含电场的Vlasov方程,计算了由此产生的不稳定波的频率和增长率,考察了波矢方向。上述计算结果均与强谱段静电噪声的观测特征一致。     

接收函数方法获得的和田—拜城剖面壳幔图像

利用一个长750 km的宽频地震台阵所采集到的数据和接收函数方法,获得了横穿塔里木盆地的和田—拜城剖面的壳幔图像。和田凹陷、麦盖提斜坡、巴楚隆起、阿瓦提凹陷、塔北隆起、库车凹陷等地块及其边界断裂有清楚显示,各断裂均切穿岩石圈。地壳分为新近系—第四系沉积层、震旦系—古近系沉积层、上地壳结晶基底、中地壳低密度层、下地壳高密度层、下地壳低密度层等6个层。一般而言,各层的密度随深度增加而增加,但有两个层反常。中地壳的密度低于上地壳结晶基底,下地壳下部的密度低于下地壳上部。中地壳低密度层是一不连续的薄层,厚度3～8 km,深度约25 km。下地壳低密度层是一个连续的薄层,厚度5～10 km,深度约45 km。Moho面的深度在盆地北部为40～50 km,巴楚地块为35～55 km,盆地南部为55～60 km。岩石圈底面的深度为70～80 km。塔里木陆块的岩石圈地幔俯冲到西昆仑之下,但地壳并没有俯冲,地壳与地幔发生解耦。吐木休克断裂北侧的北塔里木地块变形微弱,麻札塔格断裂南侧的南塔里木地块变形强烈,两断裂之间的巴楚地块的变形以地壳的弯曲为特征。和田—麦盖提地块是一个整体但变形强烈。在其中识别出5个大的滑脱-推覆断裂面,造成下地壳地层叠覆和缩短,下地壳低密度层以隧道流的方式挤入中地壳。相比之下,沉积盖层几乎没有变形,说明南塔里木的强烈变形发生在震旦纪之前。     

Correlation of JMA instrumental seismic intensity with strong motion parameters

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) seismic intensity (I_JMA) has been used as a measure of strong shaking for many years in Japan, and it necessitates to know the correlation between the JMA seismic intensity and other strong motion indices, e.g. Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), Peak Ground Velocity (PGV), and Spectrum Intensity (SI). In this study, two strong motion data sets were selected; in which, the first set consists of 879 three‐components non‐liquefied records selected from 13 major earthquake events that occurred in Japan, the United States, and Taiwan, and the second set consists of 17 liquefied records selected from 7 major earthquake events that occurred in Japan and the United States. The JMA seismic intensity and other ground motion indices were calculated using the selected data sets. The relationships between the JMA seismic intensity and PGA, PGV, and SI were then derived performing a two‐stage linear regression analysis. Results from the analysis show that the JMA instrumental seismic intensity shows higher correlation with SI than PGA or PGV, and it shows the highest correlation with the parameters such as the combination of PGA and SI or the product of PGA and SI. The obtained relationships are also compared with the ones obtained by other studies, which may be useful for the disaster management agencies in Japan and deployment of new SI‐sensors that monitor both PGA and SI. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Scaling of Reduced Energy or Apparent Stress and Its Seismological Significance

Comparison between the NEIC broadband radiated energy catalogue and the Harvard CMT catalogue provides information about apparent stres.In spite of its significant uncertainties and limited relability, the clues obtained from this comparison seem interestiin in the physics of earthquakes.Scaling of apparent stress provides information about the dynamic friction along an earthquake fault.Relation between reduced energy and seismic moment implies that for strike-slip earthquakes,velocity-dependent friction plays a predominant role,while for non-strike-slip earthquakes,slip-dependent friction is predominant.It is also found that strike-slip events with extremely low apparent stress tend to occur“in single”,which is applied to the prediction of the seismic tendency following the 2001 Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) borderMW7.8 earthquake.     

BKD-2型反馈式宽频带地震计传递函数分析

介绍了BKD－2型地震计的工作原理，并根据其物理原理和电路特性推导了它的传递函数，计算了幅频和相频特性，该地震计分别进行了振测试和电流标定测试，实测结果与理论计算结果进行了对比，在所测频带内数值吻合较好。     

New Explorations of Laboratory and On-site Testing of Broadband Seismographs in China

According to different testing purposes, methods and available environmental conditions, the seismograph testing can be divided into laboratory and on-site testing, respectively. The testing of the seismograph''s key parameters and other concerning technical specifications are well described in guide documents (China Earthquake Administration, 2017). This includes seismometer sensitivity, linearity and clip levels based on the shake table test, as well as the seismometer natural period, damping constant based on electrical calibration (Wang Guangfu,1986; Plešinger A.,1993) and instrumental self-noise collocation estimation (Holcomb L.G., 1989; Sleeman R. et al., 2006). However, with the development of seismic observation technology, many new requirements for the performance evaluation of seismographs have been put forward, and new testing items and methods have emerged.     

基于概率统计的甚宽频带地震计自噪声水平分析

使用连续1000hr的数据计算甚宽频带地震计自噪声,应用概率统计方法对计算结果进行分析,分别以单小时结果众值、单频点概率统计及分频带概率统计等3种表达方式对分析结果进行展示。通过比较分析,发现第1种方式便于异常结果溯源,但无法获取自噪声非均匀分布特征;第2种方式可以获取固定频点上自噪声水平非均匀分布的详细特征,但高概率值呈现条带分布,没有明显量级差异;第3种方式得到了对应于中心频点的且具有量级差异的高概率值,为地震计自噪声的数学数值建模提供了支持。在异常数据数量较少的情况下,异常结果在后2种方式中得不到体现。     

昆明基准地震台地面与井下记录地震差异分析

对昆明基准地震台山洞内放置的宽频带地震仪BBVS-60及井下放置的GL-S60B深井宽频带地震仪所记录的地震进行信噪比、P波到时差、波形相关性和频谱分析,得出地面与井下记录地震的差异情况。结果表明:①井下台信噪比与地面台信噪比相比提高有限,仅NS向提升明显;②地面台和井下台记录地震的P波到时基本一致;③在震中距小于3.1°时,地面台和井下台记录地震波波形相关度较低甚至不相关;在震中距大于3.1°后,波形相关度较高;④1.5～8.0Hz背景噪声差异,是震中距小于3.1°时地面台和井下台地震波形差异的主要原因。