基于倾角中值滤波法的浅层反射地震叠前信噪分离技术

浅层反射地震资料中面波一般比较发育,对有效信号形成干扰,现有压制面波等相千干扰的处理手段主要适用于中深部、深部地震勘探,但并不适用于浅层反射地震资料的处理。为此提出了倾角中值滤波法。该方法是基于叠前地震单炮道集上反射波与强线性干扰在￡吨域视速度上的差异,在多组视倾角范围内,求取一个最佳视倾角,将最佳视倾角的振幅序列的中值视为相干干扰,利用“减去法”,达到信噪分离。通过模型与实际资料的处理,汪明该方法能够有效分离强线性干扰,并保留了强线性干扰的特性,提高了资料的信噪比,保真度高,是浅层高分辨率地震勘探的一种理想的叠前信噪分离技术。     

Structure of the Mt Isa region from seismic ambient noise tomography

We use seismic tomography, exploiting group velocities derived from ambient noise, to delineate the crustal structure beneath Mt Isa and the surrounding blocks and basins. The depth extent of the blocks can be traced into the mid-crust and the spatial extent of the associated velocity anomalies mapped over an area of approximately 500 km by 500 km. The Proterozoic Mt Isa block is imaged as a region of elevated seismic velocities comparable to the Yilgarn craton in Western Australia, while the surrounding basins have relatively low velocities. Seismic velocity anomalies display correlations with the regional Bouguer gravity data and with high crustal temperatures in the region. There are a number of isolated low-velocity anomalies under the Millungera basin that suggest either previously unknown thermal anomalies or zones with high permeability, which can also produce lowered velocities.     

广东省东部地区背景噪声面波群速度层析成像

We perform Rayleigh wave tomography in east Guangdong and its surrounding regions by applying the ambient noise method to broadband data recorded at 26 stations from Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi Digital Seismic Networks. Cross-correlations of vertical- component ambient noise data are computed in one-day segments and stacked over seven months from March to September, 2011. Then Rayleigh wave group dispersion curves are measured using the frequency-time analysis method. Group velocity maps at periods from 5s to 15s are inverted. The resulting group velocity maps generally show good correlation with tectonic features, reflecting the velocity variations in the shallow crust. The basin areas are clearly resolved with lower group velocities at the short periods due to thick sedimentary layers, and the mountain areas with higher group velocities due to thin sedimentary layers. The variations of group velocity on the map can draw out the distribution of basins and mountains in study areas. The geothermal field can change the group velocity obviously, and lower group velocities are always found in high geothermal areas. The velocity maps indicate that a low-velocity layer may be found in the study areas.     

雅砻江中下游的背景噪声研究

发源于青海巴颜喀拉山南端,止于四川攀枝花市的雅砻江流域,全长1571 km,规划设计了21座梯级电站.2012年3月16日,雅砻江流域中下游水库诱发地震监测系统（一期）工程通过验收.该工程共布设了38个地震台站,跨越了桐梓林、二滩、官地、锦屏二级、锦屏一级共5级电站,总长度约500 km.经38个地震台站的数据计算出上述500 km长的背景噪声均优于1×10^-7 m/s,达到了相关规范的要求.除中下游的500 km外,雅砻江中上游长约1 071 km,海拔从2000 m升至4000m,且跨越了其余16级梯级水电站的噪声情况怎样？作者认为有必要做深入研究,并认为应以雅砻江为例,建立专门的水库地震噪声模型,以填补我国水系噪声模型为零的空白.     

Analysis of cross-correlated chaotic streamflows

Abstract

A trial is made to explore the applicability of chaos analysis outside the commonly reported analysis of a single chaotic time series. Two cross-correlated streamflows, the Little River and the Reed Creek, Virginia, USA, are analysed with regard to the chaotic behaviour. Segments of missing data are assumed in one of the time series and estimated using the other complete time series. Linear regression and artificial neural network models are employed. Two experiments are conducted in the analysis: (a) fitting one global model and (b) fitting multiple local models. Each local model is in the direct vicinity of the missing data. A nonlinear noise reduction method is used to reduce the noise in both time series and the two experiments are repeated. It is found that using multiple local models to estimate the missing data is superior to fitting one global model with regard to the mean squared error and the mean relative error of the estimated values. This result is attributed to the chaotic behaviour of the streamflows under consideration.     

DEMETER卫星监测的极低频和超低频电磁场数据分析

分析了DEMETER卫星上测量的极低频(ELF, 3—30 Hz)和超低频(SLF, 30—300 Hz)水平磁场. 其统计变化规律与地面上实测的此频段大气噪声变化规律一致, 并且数值差异也符合电波传播规律, 说明卫星上监测的电磁场来源于地面. 同时对DEMETER卫星上测量的ELF和SLF归一化波阻抗进行了深入地分析, 由电子密度与离子密度计算出的归一化波阻抗与由实测电磁场计算出的归一化波阻抗均有差异. 现有观测资料并不完全“自洽”, 尚有问题需深入研究.      

Blue Earth River quality monitoring using ARCHER hyperspectral data and field measurements

In past decades, remote sensing studies on water quality mapping mainly focused on lakes using medium resolution imagery. Little research utilizes hyperspectral images to assess river water quality. This study aims to assess the capability of using Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance (ARCHER) for river water quality mapping and to characterize spatial patterns of turbidity and chlorophyll in the Blue Earth River (BER) system of Minnesota. The BER was characterized by both hyperspectral imagery (HSI) and laboratory analysis of synchronously collected water quality data. The optimal bands for water quality mapping were determined using a method based on hyperspectral profiles and derivative analysis. Finally, based on the regression analysis and modelling, we mapped continuous surface water turbidity. The results revealed that the ratio of HSI band 17 to band 9 effectively determined turbidity and chlorophyll concentrations. The study also found that turbidity and chlorophyll in the river generally increases downstream.     

Noise-signal index threshold: a new noise-reduction technique for generation of reference spectra and efficient hyperspectral image classification

Reference spectra of terrestrial targets are usually collected using field spectro-radiometers for mineral abundance mapping and target detection. These spectra often have noise that masks characteristic absorption and reflection features and affects the efficiency of material mapping. This work aims at obtaining an empirical technique for reduction of high-frequency noise from field spectra. The proposed noise correction technique uses a ‘normalized’ measure R_n , where R_n  = (L_n  ? F_n )/L_n for each band (n) calculated from field and laboratory spectra of test material, with F_n and L_n being the depth of the absorption feature in field and laboratory spectra, respectively. On the basis of the assumption of the constancy of this ratio in neighbouring bands, an empirical algorithm that approximates the ratio R_n of a noisy band to the corrected ratio of an adjacent band is used to obtain the noise-corrected field spectra. The classification accuracy increases significantly when noise reduced field spectra are used as reference spectra.     

高速铁路列车噪声监测

通过对地震发生时铁路采取的应急处置措施和我国高速铁路地震监测系统现状的分析,提出建设铁路地震监测预警系统的必要性.为确定地震监测预警台站,研究在高速铁路沿线布置台站的技术方案,特在汉宜高速铁路进行列车通过噪声试验,采集列车通过测点引起的振动数据,探讨列车通过的最大振动加速度和测点与铁路正线距离之间的衰减关系.利用统计分析方法分析最大振动加速度和距离之间的衰减关系.利用频域分析方法设置低通滤波器,对列车引起的振动数据进行滤波,进一步减少列车对台站监测预警数据的影响,所提出的衰减关系及数据初步处理方法对高速铁路地震监测预警台站选取和建设具有指导意义.     

背景噪声中地震信号的可识别判据及量化验算

背景噪声与地震信号的强度或周期差异决定地震震相是否可从视觉上有效识别.为寻找平稳背景噪声中地震信号的视觉可识别判据,研究能反映两者频率差异及强度差异的参量用于上述两种信号对比,得到背景噪声中地震信号视觉可识别条件的量化判据,并用实际观测资料及仿真数据进行验证.在此基础上,针对功率谱计算过程中的校正环节进行讨论,利用Albuquerque实验室给出的测试实例阐明USGS标准中功率谱计算的规范步骤及细节.