全热解石墨管石墨炉原子吸收法测定痕量锶

研究了热解涂层和全热解石墨管中Sr的原子吸收信号形状和原子化行为,讨论了CaCl_2、FeCl_3和HClO_4,抑制Sr吸收信号的原因。采用EDTA铵盐作基体改进剂,全热解石墨管石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定河泥中痕量Sr,方法的特征量为6.9pg/0.0044A。     

不同原子化方法对样品气化速率的影响

本文研究了石墨炉原子吸收分析中管壁、平台和探针原子化测量Cd、Pb、Mn、Co、Cu和Cr的吸收信号特征。结果表明,吸收信号形状由被测元素的性质、样品气化速率和原子蒸气扩散速率决定。对于同一元素,在选定仪器条件下,峰形主要由样品气化速率决定。而样品气化速率又与原子化表面的升温速率有关。三种原子化方法中,探针的升温速率最快,得到较窄的信号峰,平台的升温速率最慢,峰形较宽。在提高样品气化速率方面,探针原子化是最理想的方法。     

松软突出煤层复合排渣钻进技术试验研究

为提高煤矿松软煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔施工深度和抽采效果,以中风压(0.7～1.2 MPa)复合排渣钻进技术为基础,采用不同规格的螺旋钻具组合配合相应的工艺参数进行现场试验,比较不同钻具组合的应用情况,选择适应松软突出煤层的最优钻具组合与配套工艺,达到高效施工全煤长钻孔的目的。     

广元堡后沟矿渣泥石流成因分析及应急抢险工程方案

2013年7月4日,石棉县广元堡地区发生特大矿渣泥石流,给沟口的广元堡社区人民造成严重威胁。由于矿渣泥石流的特殊性,国内泥石流应急抢险治理方面的经验相对较少。结合广元堡后沟矿渣泥石流应急抢险工程实例,对泥石流的成因进行了简要分析,并介绍了泥石流应急治理的方案和设计内容。     

The effects of sodium sulfate on the emissions characteristics of an emulsified marine diesel oil-fired furnace

Degraded diesel oils are commonly used in marine power plants to conform to the demands of shipowners for fuel economy. The burning of these marine fuel oils, which frequently contain various extents of oxides of iron, silicon, calcium, vanadium and potassium, such as Na₂SO₄, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, CaO, V₂O₅, etc., are susceptible to form much more complex compounds of either gaseous or solid phases. The release of these emissions to the environment may cause atmospheric pollution and a health hazard to human beings. Emulsification of a fuel oil with water to produce a micro-water-particles-dispersed-in-oil (W/O) emulsion has been considered as one of the promising techniques to improve combustion characteristics of low-grade marine oils and in turn effectively help to reduce the release of air pollutants. Marine fuel oil A, which approximates ASTM No. 2D oil was used as the test oil and the surfactant Span 80 was used to promote the affinity and integrating force between the components of the emulsion. An emulsifying/homogenizing machine was employed to stir the emulsion mixture of the marine oil, distilled water, surfactant Span 80 and sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) powder of 300 ppm. The mechanically blended emulsion mixture was injected, atomized and burned in an oil-fired furnace using an automatic burner. Burning gas composition, burning efficiency and gas temperature were measured and analyzed. Compared to neat marine diesel oil, W/O emulsions had higher combustion efficiencies, higher concentrations of O₂ and SO₂, while gas temperatures were lowered and CO and NO_x production was reduced. The addition of sodium sulfate decreased combustion efficiency and NO_x concentration and increased O₂, CO, and SO₂ concentrations.     

Emission characteristics of marine furnaces burned at varying inlet air temperatures and humidity

Marine power plants are frequently operated under varying atmospheric air temperature and humidity conditions. The effects of inlet air temperatures and humidity of marine furnaces such as incinerators and boilers thus attract much research interest. An industrial furnace incorporated with an automatic burner was employed to experimentally investigate the influences of the inlet air temperature and humidity on the emission characteristics. The inlet air humidity and temperature were adjusted using an air-conditioning machine to preset values before being admitted into the burner. ASTM No. 2D diesel oil was atomized, mixed with the inlet air and burned inside the industrial furnace. Eight small rectangular slots were cut on the upper side of the furnace to allow gas analyzer and thermocouple probes to be inserted into the furnace center to measure the axial variations in the gas temperature, burning efficiency and burning gas compositions such as NO_x, SO₂, CO. The experimental results show that the O₂ and NOx emission concentrations decreased while the CO₂ emission concentration and burning efficiency increased with either increasing inlet air humidity or temperature.     

Measurement of the Growth of Perturbations on Blast Waves in a Mixed Gas

We have performed a series of experiments examining the properties of high Mach number blast waves. Experiments were conducted on the Z-Beamlet laser at Sandia National Laboratories. We created blast waves in the laboratory by using ∼1000 J laser pulses to illuminate millimeter scale solid targets immersed in gas. Our experiments studied the validity of theories forwarded by Ryu and Vishniac (1987, 1991) and Vishniac (1983) to explain the dynamics of perturbations on astrophysical blast waves. These experiments consisted of a systematic scan of the decay rates of perturbations of known primary mode number induced on the surface of blast waves by means of a regularly spaced wire array. The amplitude of the induced perturbations relative to the radius of the blast wave was tracked and fit to a power law in time. Measurements were taken for a number of different mode numbers in a mixed gas consisting of 7.5 Torr xenon and 2.5 Torr nitrogen and the results are compared to theoretical predictions. It is found that two of the three mode numbers imply one polytropic index while the third case, which is the most complicated for several reasons, implies a higher polytropic index.     

生石灰激发GGBS固化高含水率香港海相沉积物的物理力学性质研究

海相沉积物处置已成为一项全球范围的挑战。在传统固化/稳定化方法中,环境污染严重的波兰特水泥(PC)是一种被广泛使用的固化剂。在此背景下,一种环境友好型的固化剂(生石灰与粒化高炉矿渣(简称GGBS)的混合料)取代PC来用在土壤改良领域。使用生石灰激发GGBS固化处理高含水率海相沉积物,并与PC固化海相沉积物进行比较。通过物理、化学试验及无侧限抗压强度试验分析了生石灰-GGBS固化海相沉积物的物理、化学和强度特性。结果表明:与PC固化海相沉积物相比,生石灰-GGBS固化沉积物具有体积收缩大、含水率低和密度略高的物理特性。随着生石灰比例的降低和养护时间的延长,生石灰-GGBS固化沉积物的pH值逐渐降低。生石灰-GGBS固化沉积物的无侧限抗压强度呈先增大(生石灰:固化剂为0.05～0.15)后减小(生石灰:固化剂为0.15～0.3)再增大(生石灰:固化剂为0.3～0.4)的趋势;当生石灰与固化剂的比值为0.15及0.4时,强度达到最大值;当生石灰与固化剂的比值为0.15时,生石灰-GGBS固化沉积物达到的峰值强度是相同条件下PC固化沉积物强度的1.4倍。该研究结果证实了GGBS与少量生石灰组合...     

台风暴雨矿渣型泥石流形成机制与动力特征——以兴宁乌石坑沟泥石流为例

受台风“尤特”登陆影响,台风暴雨直接激发兴宁乌石坑沟特大矿渣型泥石流灾害,物源巨大,潜在危害极大。笔者等通过现场调绘及室内试验,对本次泥石流的形成机制及动力特征进行研究,旨在为此类泥石流致灾机理及危害性评价提供借鉴。研究表明,其独特的流域地形特点为泥石流形成的基本因素,以沟道堆积物为主的丰富矿渣型物源是基础条件,高强度的台风暴雨是直接激发因素,与矿山开采、矿渣随意堆放等人为因素共同作用扩大了灾害规模。泥石流形成过程与动力特征为前期强降雨—崩滑碎屑流—矿渣型泥石流—台风暴雨—沟道堵塞雍高—溃决、规模放大。