转基因水稻"竹转68"病害发生风险的初步研究

采用抗病性鉴定和田间隔离小区试验病害调查相结合的方法,研究了转抗真菌基因"RC24"的转基因水稻"竹转68"的抗病性和病害发生规律,对"竹转68"田间释放后病害发生的风险进行了初步预测.试验结果表明,"竹转68"对纹枯病具有较高的抗病性,对稻瘟病的抗病性也有显著提高且存在田间抗病性.进一步的田间隔离小区试验结果表明"竹转68"田间释放后,病害发生轻,表现较好的综合抗病能力.     

Barrier holes and trench application to reduce blast induced vibration in Seyitomer coal mine

In this research, experimental applications have been performed to reduce blast induced vibrations in open pit mines. For this purpose, artificial discontinuity zones such as barrier holes and trench were opened in a dragline panel of Seyitomer Lignite Enterprise, Kutahya, Turkey. Peak particle velocities in front of and behind them were measured by seismographs. In this way, their effect against vibration was observed and compared. Barrier holes were opened 24 m deep through 3 parallel lines and aligned at 1 m spacing. On the other hand, the trench had 8 m depth and 4 m width. During the research, 209 measurements were taken belonging to 105 explosions. Twenty-eight explosions were carried out in the barrier holes experiments and 77 explosions were carried out in the trench experiments. A decrease in vibration of 14.3–18.5% was obtained behind the barrier holes while a decrease of 24.8–58.1% was provided by the trench.     

福建地方爆破的识别

本文通过对福建地方爆破波形的分析 ,总结了本省地方爆破的一些波形特征 ,有利于今后对爆破的识别 ,并提出今后可进一步研究的方向     

Valorization of harbor dredged sediment activated with blast furnace slag in road layers

The valorization solutions for dredged sediment have been the subject of a great number of investigations over the previous decades.In the current present study,treatment of polluted dredged sediment fom the commercial port of Sfax,Tunisia,is proposed.An industrial byproduct(blast furnace slag)was used to bind raw sediment for a reuse in road engineering.Following standards of this field,the raw sediment first was identified and classified according to the French technical guidance.Then an environmental assessment was applied due to the presence of heavy metals.The concentrations were measured on the raw sediment particles so as to control the binding effect on heavy metals.Sediment mixtures consisted of a mix of sand and a blast furnace slag activated with quicklime.Different mixtures were tested and some were proposed for sub-layer applications.The Sfax commercial port raw sediment is considered as a sandy loam with a very low fraction of clay.The measured concentrations of heavy metals exceed the recommended thresholds for cadmium,copper,lead,and zinc.These can induce hazardous effects in the case of their dumping into the sea.On the other hand,the concentrations of the detected elements after leaching tests run on raw sediment samples are very low compared to the thresholds;such results highlight a possible recycling of the raw sediment in subgrade layers without any negative impact.Suitable formulations were deduced for road engineering tests relying on the ratio the California Bearing Ratio index and the immediate bearing index.If the obtained ratio exceeds one,the treated sediment can be recycled and used in road layers.     

爆破对建筑物的影响

研究了爆破振动强度与爆破药量、距离和工程地质条件等因素的关系。并就爆破对建筑物的破坏作用进行了分析。编写的计算程序可供爆破安全设计使用。     

Measurement and analysis of near-field blast vibration and damage

Summary Blast vibration and its attenuation within the rock mass immediately adjacent to a blast hole (2–15 m) were monitored for a blast hole diameter of 100 mm and a 2.4 m column of an emulsion explosive charge. Peak particle velocities calculated from the measured accelerations were compared with predictions from the charge-weight scaling law using typical site parameters which would be adopted for many far-field vibration predictions. It was found that the vibration amplitudes predicted by the conventional charge-weight scaling law are significantly lower than measured values. Strain and strain rates at different monitoring holes were calculated from experimental data. Using attenuation analysis of different frequency bands of measured acceleration signals, it was found that blast vibration attenuation between 2 m and 4 m depended not only on frequency but also on amplitude. A failure wave was postulated based on observations at the monitoring hole 2 m from the blast. A blast damage zone was evaluated using borehole camera and cross hole seismic studies. The damage zone in the rock was also analysed according to acceleration waveforms measured at different monitoring locations. The use of different techniques to measure blast damage provided an accurate assessment of the blast damage volume.     

广西地震台网数字记录爆破事件典型特征分析

分析了2008—2012年广西地震台网数字爆破事件数字记录波形典型特征,结果表明:广西地区爆破的时间分布具有明显规律性,优势分布在中午与下午,晚上基本上不进行爆破作业,爆破地点固定。广西地震台网记录到的爆破发生在龙滩水库、扶绥昌平、南宁双定的采石场,龙滩水库的爆破震级分布主要在ML0.0~0.9,扶绥昌平、南宁双定的爆破震级分布主要在ML1.0~2.3之间,强度较低。广西地区爆破产生的P波方向呈四象限向上分布,爆破持续时间短、衰减快,S波周期较大且发育好,与天然地震波形存在明显的区别。正确识别爆破事件,对判断地震和爆破信号具有参考价值。     

Blast furnace slag can effectively remediate coastal marine sediments affected by organic enrichment

There is an urgent need to control nutrient release fluxes from organically-enriched sediments into overlying waters to alleviate the effects of eutrophication. This study aims to characterize blast furnace slag (BFS) and evaluate its remediation performance on organically-enriched sediments in terms of suppressing nutrient fluxes and reducing acid volatile sulfide. BFS was mainly composed of inorganic substances such as CaO, SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and MgO in amorphous crystal phase. Container experiments showed that the phosphate concentration in the overlying water, its releasing flux from sediment and AVS of the sediment decreased by 17-23%, 39% and 16% compared to the control without BFS, respectively. The loss on ignition was significantly decreased by 3.6-11% compared to the control. Thus, the application of BFS to organically-enriched sediment has a suppressive role on organic matter, AVS concentration and phosphate releasing flux from sediments and therefore, is a good candidate as an effective environmental remediation agent.     

Numerical study of characteristics of underground blast induced surface ground motion and their effect on above-ground structures. Part II. Effects on structural responses

Studies of structural responses and damage to high-frequency blast motion are very limited. Current practice uses some empirical allowable ground vibration limits in assessing structural performance. These empirical limits overlook the physical parameters that govern structural response and damage, such as the ground motion characteristics and inherent structural properties. This paper studies the response of RC frame structures to numerically simulated underground blast-induced ground motions. The structural response and damage characteristics of frame structures to ground motions of different frequencies are investigated first. The effects of blast ground motion spatial variations and soil–structure interaction on structural responses are also studied. A suitable discrete model that gives accurate response prediction is determined. A damage index defined based on the accumulated plastic hinge rotation is used to predict structural damage level. Numerical results indicated that both the low structural vibration modes (global modes) and the first elemental vibration mode (local) might govern the dynamic structural responses depending on the ground motion frequency and structural response parameters under consideration. Both ground motion spatial variations and soil–structure interaction effects are prominent. Neglecting them might yield inaccurate structural response prediction. The overall structural response and damage are highly ground motion frequency dependent. Numerical results of structural damage are also compared with some test results obtained in a previous study and with code specifications. Discussions on the adequacy of the code allowable ground vibration limits on RC frame structures are also made.