改进的波流相互作用Boussinesq方程

对于波流相互作用的Boussinesq方程,为了考虑水流作用所引起的平均水面变化,通过引入新的计算速度,使方程色散关系中的水深为考虑水流影响后的实际水深,并使方程色散精度达到了Padé[4,4]。通过计算潜堤强水流和裂流两种背景水流流场情况下的波浪运动特征,验证了该模型和数值方法的正确性。     

Numerical solution of the asymmetric water impact of a wedge in three degrees of freedom

Impact problems associated with water entry have important applications in various aspects of naval architecture and ocean engineering. Estimation of hydrodynamic impact forces especially during the first instances after the impact is very important and is of interest. Since the estimation of hydrodynamic impact load plays an important role in safe design and also in evaluation of structural weight and costs, it is better to use a reliable and accurate prediction method instead of a simple estimation resulted by analyzing methods. In landing of flying boats, some phenomena such as weather conditions and strong winds can cause asymmetric instead of symmetric descent. In this paper, a numerical simulation of the asymmetric impact of a wedge, as the step of a flying boat, considering dynamic equations in two-phase flow is taken into account. The dynamic motion of the wedge in two-phase flow is solved based on finite volume method with volume of fluid (VOF) scheme considering dynamic equations. Then the effects of different angles of impact and water depth on the velocity change and slamming forces in an asymmetric impact are investigated. The comparison between the simulation results and experimental data verifies the accuracy of the method applied in the present study.     

Improved method to determine the molar volume and compositions of the NaCl-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O-CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> system inclusion

On the basis of Parry’s method (1986), an improved method was established to determine the molar volume (Vm) and compositions (X) of the NaCl-H2O-CO2 (NHC) system inclusion. To use this method, the determination of Vm-X only requires three microthermometric data of a NHC inclusion: partial homog-enization temperature (Th ,CO2), salinity (S) and total homogenization temperature (Th). Theoretically, four associated equations are needed containing four unknown parameters: X CO2, XNaCl, Vm and F (volume fraction of CO2 phase in total inclusion when occurring partial homogenization). When they are released, the Vm-X are determined. The former three equations, only correlated with Th ,CO2, S and F, have simplified expressions:XCO2=f1(Th,CO2,S,F),XNaCl=f2(Th,CO2,S,F),Vm=f3(Th,CO2,S,F). The last one is the thermodynamic relationship of X CO2, XNaCl, Vm and Th:f4(XCO2,XNaCl,Vm,Th)=0.Since the above four associated equations are complicated, it is necessary to adopt iterative technique to release them. The technique can be described by:(i) Freely input a F value (0≤F≤1),with Th ,CO2 and S, into the former three equations. As a result,X CO 2,XNaCl and the molar volume value recorded as Vm1 are derived. (ii) Input the X CO2 and XNaCl gotten in the step above into the last equation, and another molar volume value recorded as Vm2 is determined. (iii) If Vm1 is unequal to Vm2, the calculation will be restarted from “(i)”. The iteration is completed until Vm1 is equal to Vm2, which means that the four associated equations are released. Compared to Parry’s (1986) solution method, the improved method is more convenient to use, as well as more accurate to determine X CO 2. It is available for a NHC inlusion whose partial homogenization temperature is higher than clatherate melting temperature and there are no solid salt crystals in the inclusion at parital homogenization.     

COHERENS模式在长江口赤潮源推测中的应用

在COHERENS基础上,建立了一个σ坐标下的三维渤海、黄海和东海海域夏季环流数值模式,较好地模拟了夏季渤海、黄海和东海海域的环流系统(黑潮、台湾暖流、对马暖流和长江冲淡水)。在此斜压流场的基础上,进行了拉格朗日颗粒追踪和欧拉输运数值模拟来推测长江口及其邻近海域赤潮高发区的可能赤潮源。提出台湾海峡、福建浙江近海和台湾东北海底存在赤潮的“种子”,它们很可能就是我国长江口赤潮高发区的赤潮源,这仍需现场的海洋调查去证实。数值模拟推测赤潮源是对流-扩散输运方法在海洋生态学领域中的一个新应用。     

孤立波与直墙式多孔介质结构相互作用数值分析

以连续性方程和雷诺平均方程为控制方程,用k-ε模型封闭方程组,采用VOF方法追踪自由面,建立了具有造波和消波功能的二维孤立波数值水槽。并基于改进的Darcy多孔介质模型研究了二维孤立波与直墙式多孔介质结构的相互作用问题。数值分析了孤立波与直墙式多孔结构相互作用引起的流场和波形变化特性,并与文献中的实验结果进行了比较,数值结果与实验结果吻合良好。     

扩展型Boussinesq水波方程的混合求解格式

为高效求解扩展型Boussinesq水波方程,建立了基于有限差分和有限体积方法的混合数值格式。将一维控制方程写为守恒形式,方程中通量部分采用有限体积方法求解,剩余部分采用有限差分方法求解。其中,有限体积方法采用Godunov类高分辨率格式,并结合HLL(Harten-Lax and van Leer)式黎曼问题近似解求界面数值通量,黎曼问题界面左右变量通过高精度状态插值方法(MUSCL)构筑。有限差分方法则采用具有二阶精度的中心差分公式进行。采用具有TVD(Total Variation Diminishing)性质的三阶龙格-库塔多步积分法进行时间积分。对数值模式进行了验证,数值结果同解析解或实验数据吻合良好。     

应力与变形的数值模型方法--数值模拟软件FLAC介绍

FLAC软件是进行应力与变形的一种专业软件，特别适合求解岩土力学工程中非线性的大变形问题，在地质构造及块体运动学、动力学研究中得到了广泛应用。本文主要介绍了FLAC应用软件的主要功能和特点以及它在国内外的应用现状。     

ZONAL MEAN STRUCTURES OF THE EXTRATROPICAL TROPOSPHERE

The study of mean circulation fields requires evaluation of eddy foreings in the atmosphere.Due to the difficulty in calculating the eddy forcings on theory,the mean state equations including the eddy forcings were used mostly for diagnostic studies only.Using the geostrophic perturbation solutions obtained by McHall (1991a),we may deal with theoretically the eddy fluxes and their convergence.This allows us to employ the mean state equations for the study of mean circulation fields.It will be found that the time averaged zonal mean structure and circulation of the troposphere at middle and high latitudes can be reproduced basically in terms of the mass and momentum balances in geostrophic wave circulations.     

一种非线性大气化学动力学方程组的新算法

提出了一种求解非线性大气化学动力学方程组的新算法,即预测／校正拟稳定近似法（ＰＣＱＳＳＡ）该方案集中了传统的ＱＳＳＡ方案和Ｈｙｂｒｉｄ方案的优点,具有较高的计算效率和精度,对于复杂的大气化学模式和区域污染模式较适用。     

SAR影像几何校正

SAR影像的几何校正是阻碍其应用的瓶颈问题，目前所用的方法都有其局限性。介绍描述SAR构像几何的坐标系统及距离－多普勒方程，同时，介绍卫星轨道及描述卫星轨道的参数。为提高几何校正的精度，提出一种由几个离散点的值内插整个弧段上卫星状态向量的轨道模拟算法。在此基础上，给出利用DEM进行SAR影像几何校正的方法。该方法以时间参数为自变量，迭代解算距离－多普勒方程，计算DEM中点每一点对应的影像坐标，最后进行了实验与讨论。