A model of low-mass neutron stars with a quark core

We consider an equation of state that leads to a first-order phase transition from the nucleon state to the quark state with a transition parameter λ>3/2 (λ=ρ_Q/(ρ_N+P₀/c²)) in superdense nuclear matter. Our calculations of integrated parameters for superdense stars using this equation of state show that on the stable branch of the dependence of stellar mass on central pressure dM/dP_c>0) in the range of low masses, a new local maximum with M_max=0.082_⊙ and R=1251 km appears after the formation of a toothlike kink (M=0.08M_⊙, R=205 km) attributable to quark production. For such a star, the mass and radius of the quark core are M_core=0.005M_⊙ and R_core=1.73 km, respectively. In the model under consideration, mass accretion can result in two successive transitions to a quark-core neutron star with energy release similar to a supernova explosion: initially, a low-mass star with a quark core is formed; the subsequent accretion leads to configurations with a radius of ～1000 km; and, finally, the second catastrophic restructuring gives rise to a star with a radius of ～100 km.     

带约束条件的DLT解法

从直接线性变换 (DL T)的基本原理出发 ,分析了 DL T一般解法中存在的缺陷 ,提出了附加两个条件的 DLT解算方法的数学模型 ,并通过实验验证了其正确性和可行性     

Numerical Simulation of the 1969 Portuguese Tsunami by a Finite Element Method

On 28 February 1969, the coasts of Portugal, Spain and Morocco were affected by sea waves generated by a submarine earthquake (Ms = 7.3) with its epicenter located off Portugal. The propagation of this tsunami has been simulated by a finite element numerical model solving the Boussinesq equations. These equations have been discretized using the finite element Galerkin method and a Crank–Nicholson scheme in time. The model is validated by investigating the propagation of a solitary wave over a flat bottom. The grid sizes for the 1969 event have been determined by one-dimensional tests offshore and in shallow water regions. The two-dimensional simulation of the 1969 tsunami is carried out using the hydraulic source calculated from the geophysical model of Okada and seismic parameters of Fukao. The modeled waves are compared with the recorded ones with respect to travel times, maximum amplitudes and periods of the signal. The comparison between Boussinesq and shallow-water models shows that the effects of frequency dispersion are minor. Good agreement is found for most of the studied gauges.     

移极旋转坐标系中的大气动力学方程

本文仅研究无粘、无地形和绝热运动假定下的大气动力学问题，用分析力学的方法求得了固定在地球上的移极旋转坐标系， 如直角坐标系， 球坐标系和柱坐标系中的第二类 Lagrange方程。从而求得普遍的大气动力学方程。所谓的视示力 —— Coriolis力和离心力 —— 与其它各种力统一处理。当地球自转轴不为坐标系的z轴时，不存在大气运动的对称和反对称性。特别值得提出的是以往很多学者利用柱坐标系来数值模拟台风(飓风)的轴对称和非轴对称性时所使用的基本方程是含糊的， 本文给出了准确的基本方程。     

General solution to random advective-dispersive equation in porous media

This series of articles present general applications of functional-analytic theory to the solution of the partial differential equation describing solid transport in aquifers, when either the evolution of the system, the sources, the parameters and/or the boundary conditions are prescribed as stochastic processes in time or in space. This procedure does not require the restricting assumptions placed upon the current particular solutions on which today's stochastic transport theory is based, such as small randomness assumptions (perturbation techniques), Montecarlo simulations, restriction to small spatial stochasticity in the hydraulic conductivity, use of spectral analysis techniques, restriction to asymptotic steady state conditions, and restriction to variance of the concentration as the only model output among others. Functional analysis provides a rigorous tool in which the concentration stochastic properties can be predicted in a natural way based upon the known stochastic properties of the sources, the parameters and/or the boundary conditions. Thus the theory satisfies a more general modeling need by providing, if desired, a systematic global information on the sample functions, the mean, the variance, correlation functions or higher-order moments based on similar information of any size, anywhere, of the input functions. Part I of this series of articles presents the main relevant results of functional-analytic theory and individual cases of applications to the solution of distributed sources problems, with time as well as spatial stochasticity, and the solution subject to stochastic boundary conditions. It was found that the stochastically-forced equation may be a promising model for a variety of random source problems. When the differential equation is perturbed by a time and space stochastic process, the output is also a time and space stochastic process, in contrast with most of the existing solutions which ignore the temporal component. Stochastic boundary conditions seems to quickly dissipate as time increases.     

长出瞳距目镜的等晕代数法及其编程设计

本文提出等晕代数法用于三组元长出瞳距目镜的初始结构求解及其象差设计。分析结构型式,建立等晕代数方程,并阐述了应用微机编程实现象差平衡的基本原则。文中最后给出两个数字例子的结构参数和象差结果。     

有限元素法全倾角波动方程偏移

本文试图从两个方面提高波动方程偏移的效果:1.使用全方向波动方程进行偏移,使之适用于任意倾角界面的反射;2.使用有限元素法提高微分方程数值解法的精度。     

Kriging without negative weights

Under a constant drift, the linear kriging estimator is considered as a weighted average ofn available sample values. Kriging weights are determined such that the estimator is unbiased and optimal. To meet these requirements, negative kriging weights are sometimes found. Use of negative weights can produce negative block grades, which makes no practical sense. In some applications, all kriging weights may be required to be nonnegative. In this paper, a derivation of a set of nonlinear equations with the nonnegative constraint is presented. A numerical algorithm also is developed for the solution of the new set of kriging equations.     

一类测井响应方程存在的必要条件

本文将测井分析中所用的绝大多数响应方程归并为一类,给出了这类方程的一般形式。同时,根据一个基本事实导出了这类方程存在的必要条件,从而建立了检验和评价它们的理论标准,并已得到了实验验证。     

电离层声重波扰动的高频无线电诊断

为了充分发挥现代数字式电离层探测仪在电离层结构与优动研究中的潜力,必须在传统的频高图真高换算的基础上,发展新的反演理论和算法.本文介绍了随时空缓变的各向异性电离层介质中无线电波包传播的广义射线方程组,讨论了计算波包射线几何路径以及计算波包参数,如频移、波矢、群时延等沿射线路径变化的传播正问题,并详细讨论了根据波包参量的测定值反演介质结构和扰动伏态的传播反问题.文中若干实验实例表明,这种反演理论和算法可用于数字式电离层探测仪记录的分析,它使高频无线电波探测技术成为研究全球电离层声重波一类扰动的有力工具。