CHAMP型卫星定轨顾及非线性改正的轨道扰动方程

本文针对CHAMP型卫星建立了顾及非线性改正的轨道扰动方程定轨理论与方法.首先从卫星运动的二阶微分方程出发,引入了正常引力位以及相应的参考轨道,然后分别推导了线性化轨道扰动方程与顾及非线性改正的轨道扰动方程,同时说明了建立的线性化轨道扰动方程与目前处理CHAMP卫星数据的动力学定轨方法是等价的.其次分别对线性化轨道扰动方程与顾及非线性改正的轨道扰动方程的精度进行了估计,在卫星定位精度为3cm与非惯性力测量精度为3×10~(-10)m·s~(-2)的前提下证明了下列结论:当参考轨道与实际轨道之间的距离ρ≤4.7m时线性化轨道扰动方程的精度能达到非惯性力的测量精度以及当ρ≤4.14×10~3m时顾及非线性改正的轨道扰动方程能达到非惯性力的测量精度.由此便可得出结论:相对于线性化轨道扰动方程,顾及非线性改正的轨道扰动方程具有更高的精度,且适合在更长的时间弧段上建立关于引力场位系数的法方程组,特别是针对CHAMP卫星计划进行的模拟计算也完全验证了该结论.最后利用叠加原理,给出了顾及非线性改正的轨道扰动方程的求解方法.此外,还针对GRACE卫星计划利用顾及非线性改正的轨道扰动方程进行了恢复引力场的模拟计算,结果表明:分段建立位系数的法方程组时子弧段分别取值2h、1d、6 d对恢复引力场的结果几乎不产生影响,这表明在处理GRACE数据时能够以6d的弧长来建立法方程组.     

基于LGCP的城市管理事件空间点模式分析

数字化城管系统累积了大量城管事件历史数据,充分挖掘事件背后的空间分布模式和事件成因机制能够为城管部门的管控工作提供决策支持。论文利用Log Gaussian Cox Processes(LGCP)模型分析了西北某地H市P区的街面秩序类、市容环境类和宣传广告类城管事件之间的空间分布差异和事件成因影响差异。研究发现：① 3类城管事件都呈现出明显的空间聚集,其空间聚集尺度最远不超过924 m;② 各类事件聚集的特征各不相同,街面秩序类贴近城区主要干道,呈路网状。市容环境类表现出在城区中心块状聚集,周边地区零星分散的特征。宣传广告类靠近交通干线呈长条状,靠近商业中区域呈块状分布;③ 城区内不同类别的POI对城管事件的影响大小不同。购物服务类、医疗保健类和居民住宅类表现出最显著的影响,说明特定区域内人群的流量和密度是影响城管事件分布的重要因素,人群的流动和聚集会加剧城管事件数量的增加。研究结果能够满足城管部门的城管事件空间分布热点识别以及事件成因分析的需求。     

New approximate solution for time-fractional coupled KdV equations by generalised differential transform method

In this paper, the generalised two-dimensional differential transform method (DTM) of solving the time-fractional coupled KdV equations is proposed. The fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. The presented method is a numerical method based on the generalised Taylor series expansion which constructs an analytical solution in the form of a polynomial. An illustrative example shows that the generalised two-dimensional DTM is effective for the coupled equations.     

Remote sensing of intertidal morphological change in Morecambe Bay,U.K., between 1991 and 2007

Tidal Flats are important examples of extensive areas of natural environment that remain relatively unaffected by man. Monitoring of tidal flats is required for a variety of purposes. Remote sensing has become an established technique for the measurement of topography over tidal flats. A further requirement is to measure topographic changes in order to measure sediment budgets. To date there have been few attempts to make quantitative estimates of morphological change over tidal flat areas. This paper illustrates the use of remote sensing to measure quantitative and qualitative changes in the tidal flats of Morecambe Bay during the relatively long period 1991–2007. An understanding of the patterns of sediment transport within the Bay is of considerable interest for coastal management and defence purposes. Tidal asymmetry is considered to be the dominant cause of morphological change in the Bay, with the higher currents associated with the flood tide being the main agency moulding the channel system. Quantitative changes were measured by comparing a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the intertidal zone formed using the waterline technique applied to satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from 1991–1994, to a second DEM constructed from airborne laser altimetry data acquired in 2005. Qualitative changes were studied using additional SAR images acquired since 2003. A significant movement of sediment from below Mean Sea Level (MSL) to above MSL was detected by comparing the two Digital Elevation Models, though the proportion of this change that could be ascribed to seasonal effects was not clear. Between 1991 and 2004 there was a migration of the Ulverston channel of the river Leven north-east by about 5 km, followed by the development of a straighter channel to the west, leaving the previous channel decoupled from the river. This is thought to be due to independent tidal and fluvial forcing mechanisms acting on the channel. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of remote sensing for measurement of long-term morphological change in tidal flat areas. An alternative use of waterlines as partial bathymetry for assimilation into a morphodynamic model of the coastal zone is also discussed.     

A depth-integrated model for weakly dispersive, turbulent, and rotational fluid flows

A set of weakly dispersive Boussinesq-type equations, derived to include viscosity and vorticity terms in a physically consistent manner, is presented in conservative form. The model includes the approximate effects of bottom-induced turbulence, in a depth-integrated sense, as a second-order correction. Associated with this turbulence, vertical and horizontal rotational effects are captured. While the turbulence and horizontal vorticity models are simplified, a model with known physical limitations has been derived that includes the quadratic bottom friction term commonly added in an ad hoc manner to the inviscid equations. An interesting result of this derivation is that one should take care when adding such ad hoc models; it is clear from this exercise that (1) it is not necessary to do so – the terms can be included through a consistent derivation from the viscous primitive equations – and (2) one cannot properly add the quadratic bottom friction term without also adding a number of additional terms in the integrated governing equations. To solve these equations numerically, a highly accurate and stable model is developed. The numerical method uses a fourth-order MUSCL-TVD scheme to solve the leading order (shallow water) terms. For the dispersive terms, a cell averaged finite volume method is implemented. To verify the derived equations and the numerical model, four cases of verifications are given. First, solitary wave propagation is examined as a basic, yet fundamental, test of the models ability to predict dispersive and nonlinear wave propagation with minimal numerical error. Vertical velocity distributions of spatially uniform flows are compared with existing theory to investigate the effects of the newly included horizontal vorticity terms. Other test cases include comparisons with experiments that generate strong vorticity by the change of bottom bathymetry as well as by tidal jets through inlet structures. Very reasonable agreements are observed for the four cases, and the results provide some information as to the importance of dispersion and horizontal vorticity.     

二维浅水波方程的间断-连续Galerkin方法

将基于二维简化浅水波模型的间断Galerkin有限元与连续Galerkin有限元耦合方法推广至形式更为复杂的浅水波方程,并给出了误差分析以及模型问题的数值算例。     

直接利用旋转矩阵进行空间后方交会的原理和方法

空间后方交会是摄影测量学的基本内容,其解算的理论基础是共线条件方程及其线性化。传统的解算方法是直接以6个外方位元素为未知参数,使用泰勒级数展开进行线性化,然后迭代求解。而这里则直接以旋转矩阵为未知数进行迭代求解,这样既可直接解算出旋转矩阵,又避免欧拉角和旋转矩阵相互转换所引起的计算误差和时间耗费。试验结果表明该方法切实可行,求解精度高,而且迭代次数更少、迭代速度更快。     

Steady streaming around a circular cylinder in an oscillatory flow

Steady streaming induced by an oscillatory flow around a circular cylinder is investigated using a numerical method. Two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a finite element method with a k-ω turbulent model closure. The range of the Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) number investigated is between 2 and 40, which is substantially higher than those reported in literature related to steady streaming to date. A constant value of Stokes number (β) of 196 is chosen in this study. The steady streaming structures and velocity distribution are analysed in detail. It is found that the characteristics of steady streaming are strongly related to the vortex shedding flow regimes.     

Two dimensional tensor product B-spline wavelet scaling functions for the solution of two-dimensional unsteady diffusion equations

The fourth-order B spline wavelet scaling functions are used to solve the two-dimensional unsteady diffusion equation. The calculations from a case history indicate that the method provides high accuracy and the computational efficiency is enhanced due to the small matrix derived from this method.The respective features of 3-spline wavelet scaling functions, 4-spline wavelet scaling functions and quasi-wavelet used to solve the two-dimensional unsteady diffusion equation are compared. The proposed method has potential applications in many fields including marine science.     

水平层状介质中基于DTA的三维电磁波逆散射快速模拟算法

为提高水平层状介质中三维电磁波散射和逆散射数值模拟的效率,在对角张量近似(DTA)的基础上根据不同回代方式得到了求解积分方程的DTA1和DTA2两种近似. 这两种近似可以作为计算积分方程稳定型双共轭梯度快速Fourier变换(BCGS-FFT)算法的初始猜测值和预条件因子,从而形成效率更高的混合DTA-BCGS算法. 散射实例说明了DTA2的高精度和混合DTA-BCGS算法尤其是混合DTA2-BCGS算法的高效率. 由于DTA2近似程度更高,将DTA2与变型Born迭代反演方法(DBIM)相结合形成了一种对三维异常体进行重构的快速电磁波逆散射技术. 文中的逆散射实例说明所开发的逆散射技术对重构水平层状介质中的任意三维异常体是非常有效的.