Jaumann率型一维大变形本构关系的双曲线模型

鉴于Jaumann率型本构关系难以得到应力应变全量之间的严格解析形式,采用有限元法研究了一维大变形过程中Kirchhoff应力和Green应变之间的变化规律。首先,基于虚功原理推导了完全拉格朗日描述的大变形有限元方程,然后提出了模拟大变形本构关系的双曲线模型和割线模量处理方法。算例分析结果表明,双曲线模型能够较好地拟合大变形本构关 系。大变形计算本构关系应当考虑初始孔隙比的影响。     

Hydrochemical variability during flood events within a small forested catchment in Basque Country (Northern Spain)

Understanding runoff processes is critical to issues of water quality. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to test a methodology that can be used when continuous electrical conductivity (EC) data are recorded in a single control point and no more data are available along the catchment. Although both non‐tracer‐based and tracer‐based techniques have been used for two‐component hydrograph separation, EC‐based method proved to be more suitable to gain further insight into the runoff generation and can help clarifying water sources and flowpaths to the river. So the use of EC has allowed the separation of pre‐event (Qp) and event (Qe) water contribution in different types of flood events, the assessment of temporal behaviour of related elements and the calculation of Qp/Qe ratio and regression equations. However, the weaker correlations of some elements with discharge and with this ratio lead us to admit the existence of at least one third component of flow, which is characterized by dissolved organic carbon, SO₄^2? and Cl^?. This component presumably comes from a far‐stream source and through a subsurface flow and is the key for advancing in new findings on the catchment hydrology. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自动观测与人工观测的短历时雨量差异分析

利用湖北省内黄石等11个国家气象站2005—2007年自动观测、人工观测同期分钟雨量数据,分别逐年滑动提取5、10、15、20、30、45、60、90、120、150、180 min这11个短历时的最大雨量值及开始时间。从时间偏差、雨量偏差、设定时间偏差范围三方面分析两种观测下的短历时雨量差异,并利用分析结果建立了自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量关系方程。结果表明:(1)从自动观测、人工观测分钟数据中提取短历时雨量时,对降水过程判断基本一致,选取同一降水过程,各降水历时70%以上样本数据的开始时间偏差基本在0~10 min。(2)各历时自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量提取结果比较吻合,两者雨量偏差范围在±10%以内的情况占样本总数的68.6%,且自动较人工观测短历时雨量偏大的情况居多,占样本总数的60.9%。(3)设定时间偏差范围为0~5 min,自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量提取结果非常吻合。将时间偏差缩小到0~2 min,吻合度进一步提高。(4)分别建立了11个降水历时自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量关系方程,两套数据相关系数达到0.92以上,自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量变化非常一致。     

A fuzzy logic based dynamic wave model inversion algorithm for canal regulation

A fuzzy logic based centralized control algorithm for irrigation canals is presented. Purpose of the algorithm is to control downstream discharge and water level of pools in the canal, by adjusting discharge release from the upstream end and gates settings. The algorithm is based on the dynamic wave model (Saint‐Venant equations) inversion in space, wherein the momentum equation is replaced by a fuzzy rule based model, while retaining the continuity equation in its complete form. The fuzzy rule based model is developed on fuzzification of a new mathematical model for wave velocity, the derivational details of which are given. The advantages of the fuzzy control algorithm, over other conventional control algorithms, are described. It is transparent and intuitive, and no linearizations of the governing equations are involved. Tuning of the algorithm and method of computation are explained. It is shown that the tuning is easy and the computations are straightforward. The algorithm provides stable, realistic and robust outputs. The disadvantage of the algorithm is reduced precision in its outputs due to the approximation inherent in the fuzzy logic. Feed back control logic is adopted to eliminate error caused by the system disturbances as well as error caused by the reduced precision in the outputs. The algorithm is tested by applying it to water level control problem in a fictitious canal with a single pool and also in a real canal with a series of pools. It is found that results obtained from the algorithm are comparable to those obtained from conventional control algorithms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mohr–Coulomb MiniCLoE model Uniqueness and localization studies,links with normality rule

This paper is devoted to a parametric study of a plane Mohr–Coulomb CLoE model. As CLoE models are designed with a consistency condition, it is possible to define a normality condition and to study its consequences. The positiveness of the second order work which implies the uniqueness of the solution of a small strain boundary value problem is studied firstly. Then the localization criterion is also studied. It is proved that normality has consequences similar to those for classical elasto plastic models. However if induced anisotropy is introduced in the hypoplastic CLoE model, some conclusions are no longer true. Finally plane strain experimental data are used to identify the parameters of the model. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

横观各向同性饱和地基三维瞬态Lamb问题

研究了横观各向同性饱和土地基在地表动力荷载作用下的三维瞬态响应。基于饱和多孔介质的三维Biot波动理论,利用Laplace变换,建立圆柱坐标系下横观各向同性饱和土的波动方程;解耦波动方程后,根据算子理论,并借助Fourier展开和Hankel变换技术,得到瞬态荷载作用下,饱和土介质的土骨架位移和应力、孔隙水相对位移和孔隙水压力的一般解;利用一般解,给出横观各向同性饱和地基在地表集中荷载激励下的瞬态Lamb问题的解答。数值算例结果表明,采用各向同性饱和介质的动力学模型,不能准确描述具有明显各向异性特性的饱和土地基的瞬态动力特性。     

基于四阶完全非线性Boussinesq水波方程二维波浪传播数值模型

建立基于四阶完全非线性Boussinesq水波方程的二维波浪传播数值模型。采用Kennedy等提出的涡粘方法模拟波浪破碎。在矩形网格上对控制方程进行离散,采用高精度的数值格式对离散方程进行数值求解。对规则波在具有三维特征地形上的传播过程进行了数值模拟,通过数值模拟结果与实验结果的对比,对所建立的波浪传播模型进行了验证。同时,为了考察非线性对波浪传播的影响,给出和上述模型具有同阶色散性、变浅作用性能但仅具有二阶完全非线性特征的波浪模型的数值结果。通过对比两个模型的数值结果以及实验数据,讨论非线性在波浪传播过程中的作用。研究结果表明,所建立的Boussinesq水波方程在深水范围内不但具有较精确的色散性和变浅作用性能,而且具有四阶完全非线性特征,适合模拟波浪在近岸水域的非线性运动。     

Davey-Stewartson方程组新的精确解

本文通过拓展的映射方法研究Davey-Stewartson方程组新的周期波解,并在极限情况下,得到了方程组新的孤波解以及其他形式解。     

Tetrad formulation of the basic equations of type II superconductors in curved space-time

The basic equations of type II superconductors have been obtained by adopting London’s phenomenological approach. The generation of the electromagnetic field in a superconductor at rest in a stationary universe has been investigated using the method of anholonomic frames. The Newtonian formulation of the problem has also been studied. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 99–107 (February 2008).     

Covariant formulation of the dynamical equations of quantum vortices in type II superconductors

We have derived the closed system of covariant equations which describe the motion of quantum vortices regarded as a two-2dimensional polarized liquid. We have obtained the covariant expressions of the forces acting on the vortices; from the equilibrium condition of these forces we have deduced the equation satisfied by the velocity field of the fluid. It is shown that this velocity field depends on the friction coefficient, the density of vortices and the superconducting current. From this closed system of equations we derived the relaxation equation when a variable magnetic field is applied. Published in Astrofizika, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 381–391 (August 2007).