An Automatic Method of Direct Interpretation of Residual Gravity Anomaly Profiles due to Spheres and Cylinders

We have developed a least-squares minimization approach to determine the depth and the amplitude coefficient of a buried structure from residual gravity anomaly profile. This approach is basically based on application of Werner deconvolution method to gravity formulas due to spheres and cylinders, and solving a set of algebraic linear equations to estimate the two-model parameters. The validity of this new method is demonstrated through studying and analyzing two synthetic gravity anomalies, using simulated data generated from a known model with different random error components and a known statistical distribution. After being theoretically proven, this approach was applied on two real field gravity anomalies from Cuba and Sweden. The agreement between the results obtained by the proposed method and those obtained by other interpretation methods is good and comparable. Moreover, the depth obtained by the proposed approach is found to be in very good agreement with that obtained from drilling information.     

A weighted surface-depth gradient method for the numerical integration of the 2D shallow water equations with topography

A finite volume MUSCL scheme for the numerical integration of 2D shallow water equations is presented. In the framework of the SLIC scheme, the proposed weighted surface-depth gradient method (WSDGM) computes intercell water depths through a weighted average of DGM and SGM reconstructions, in which the weight function depends on the local Froude number. This combination makes the scheme capable of performing a robust tracking of wet/dry fronts and, together with an unsplit centered discretization of the bed slope source term, of maintaining the static condition on non-flat topographies (C-property). A correction of the numerical fluxes in the computational cells with water depth smaller than a fixed tolerance enables a drastic reduction of the mass error in the presence of wetting and drying fronts. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme are assessed by comparing numerical results with analytical and reference solutions of a set of test cases. Moreover, to show the capability of the numerical model on field-scale applications, the results of a dam-break scenario are presented.     

Internal wave generation in an improved two-dimensional Boussinesq model

A set of Boussinesq-type equations with improved linear frequency dispersion in deeper water is solved numerically using a fourth order accurate predictor-corrector method. The model can be used to simulate the evolution of relatively long, weakly nonlinear waves in water of constant or variable depth provided the bed slope is of the same order of magnitude as the frequency dispersion parameter. By performing a linearized stability analysis, the phase and amplitude portraits of the numerical schemes are quantified, providing important information on practical grid resolutions in time and space. In contrast to previous models of the same kind, the incident wave field is generated inside the fluid domain by considering the scattered wave field in one part of the fluid domain and the total wave field in the other. Consequently, waves leaving the fluid domain are absorbed almost perfectly in the boundary regions by employment of damping terms in the mass and momentum equations. Additionally, the form of the incident regular wave field is computed by a Fourier approximation method which satisfies the governing equations accurately in water of constant depth. Since the Fourier approximation method requires an Eulerian mean current below wave trough level or a net mass transport velocity to be specified, the method can be used to study the interaction of waves and currents in closed as well as open basins. Several computational examples are given. These illustrate the potential of the wave generation method and the capability of the developed model.     

粘性泥石流阻力和运动方程验证分析

现有的粘性泥石流阻力方程可以大致归纳为三类：一类是将泥石流视为固液两相流,通过理论分析建立的泥石流阻力运动方程;二类是认为粘性泥石流符合宾汉姆流体阻力方程;三类是依据泥石流体具有基本符合库伦公式的剪切强度,将泥石流视为固体颗粒散体重力流,在理论分析基础上建立的阻力和运动方程。用粘性泥石流动力学实验数据对三类阻力运动方程进行了验证,结果表明第三类阻力和运动方程与实际接近。     

系泊船非线性波浪力时域计算:二维模型

为找到具有工程实用价值的港口系泊船波浪力的时域计算方法,建立了在港口中存在系泊船时非线性波浪力时域计算的垂直二维耦合模型:用Boussinesq方程计算船的两侧的外域,用欧拉方程计算船底面下的内域,两域在交界面处的连接条件是流量连续和压力相等.将复平面内的边界元方法应用于所研究问题,对耦合模型进行了验证.进行了相关模型实验,实验结果与数值计算结果比较表明这两种数值计算模型都具有满意的精度,但耦合模型的计算效率要远远高于边界元方法的计算效率.本耦合模型的数学处理简单,可适用于工程计算.     

High order numerical code for hyperbolic mild-slope equations with nonlinear dispersion relation

Based on the hyperbolic mild-slope equations derived by Copeland (1985), a numerical model is established in unstag- gered grids. A composite 4 th-order Adam-Bashforth-Moulton (ABM) scheme is used to solve the model in the time domain. Terms involving the first order spatial derivatives are differenced to O ( Δx )4accuracy utilizing a five-point formula. The nonlinear dispersion relationship proposed by Kirby and Dalrymple (1986) is used to consider the nonlinear effect. A numerical test is performed upon wave propagating over a typical shoal. The agreement between the numerical and the experimental results validates the present model. Biodistribution and applications are also summarized.     

水平层状介质中基于DTA的三维电磁波逆散射快速模拟算法

为提高水平层状介质中三维电磁波散射和逆散射数值模拟的效率,在对角张量近似(DTA)的基础上根据不同回代方式得到了求解积分方程的DTA1和DTA2两种近似. 这两种近似可以作为计算积分方程稳定型双共轭梯度快速Fourier变换(BCGS-FFT)算法的初始猜测值和预条件因子,从而形成效率更高的混合DTA-BCGS算法. 散射实例说明了DTA2的高精度和混合DTA-BCGS算法尤其是混合DTA2-BCGS算法的高效率. 由于DTA2近似程度更高,将DTA2与变型Born迭代反演方法(DBIM)相结合形成了一种对三维异常体进行重构的快速电磁波逆散射技术. 文中的逆散射实例说明所开发的逆散射技术对重构水平层状介质中的任意三维异常体是非常有效的.     

绿洲生态系统的发展和气候的关系

在植被和裸地共存的情况下,考虑了植物的某些生态条件,利用热量平衡方程,对于不同气候和生态条件计算了绿洲总的蒸散率以及植被和土壤的温度。研究表明,在某些条件下,蒸散率的解可出现准分岔和多平衡态的形式,它们主要发生在植被覆盖小的地区。     

一类常微分方程组边值问题的求解方法

证明了一类非线性二阶常微分方程组边值问题在一定条件下存在唯一的解并且给出了解的求法。     

低纬大气Kelvin波和Rossby波的非线性相互作用

利用多重尺度摄动法,对低纬大气Kelvin波和Rossby波的波包演变进行了分析,得到两波的非线性相互作用方程为耦合的非线性复系数Landau方程组。数值计算表明两波相遇将使波振幅变化,波宽变窄;两波非线性相互作用可能是低纬强烈天气突然爆发的原因之一。