Comparison of Different Order Adams-Bashforth Methods in anAtmospheric General Circulation Model

The Asselin-Robert time filter used in the leapfrog scheme does degrade the accuracy of calculations. As an attractive alternative to leapfrog time differencing, the second-order Adams-Bashforth method is not subject to time splitting instability and keeps excellent calculation accuracy. A second-order Adams- Bashforth model has been developed, which represents better stability, excellent convergence and improved simulation of prognostic variables. Based on these results, the higher-order Adams-Bashforth methods are developed on the basis of NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) CAM 3.1 (Community Atmosphere Model 3.1) and the characteristics of dynamical cores are analyzed in this paper. By using Lorenz nonlinear convective equations, the filtered leapfrog scheme shows an excellent pattern for eliminating 2Δt wave solutions after 20 steps but represents less computational solution accuracy. The fourth-order Adams- Bashforth method is closely converged to the exact solution and provides a reference against which other methods may be compared. Thus, the Adams-Bashforth methods produce more accurate and convergent solution with differencing order increasing. The Held-Suarez idealized test is carried out to demonstrate that all methods have similar climate states to the results of many other global models for long-term integration. Besides, higher-order methods perform better in mass conservation and exhibit improvement in simulating tropospheric westerly jets, which is likely equivalent to the advantages of increasing horizontal resolutions. Based on the idealized baroclinic wave test, a better capability of the higher-order method in maintaining simulation stability is convinced. Furthermore, after the baroclinic wave is triggered through overlaying the steady-state initial conditions with the zonal perturbation, the higher-order method has a better ability in the simulation of baroclinic wave perturbation.     

Antecedent soil moisture conditions of different soil types in South‐western Ontario,Canada

Soil moisture conditions prior to input design storms need to be known in the planning and design of urban stormwater control facilities using the design storm approach. Limited information is available on these soil moisture conditions which are commonly referred to as the antecedent soil moisture conditions. In this study, a deterministic continuous simulation model was used to simulate antecedent soil moisture conditions under south‐western Ontario, Canada, climate conditions. A wide range of different soil types were investigated and various statistical analyses on the simulated antecedent soil moisture results were performed. Frequency analyses illustrated typical distributions of antecedent soil moisture conditions and the influence of finer and coarser textured soil particles. Empirical equations were developed for the estimation of average antecedent soil moisture conditions based on commonly known soil characteristics. Satisfactory performance of the empirical equations was demonstrated by comparing between field average antecedent soil moisture data and empirically estimated average antecedent soil moisture values. These equations are therefore recommended for use in urban stormwater studies incorporating the design storm approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improved method to determine the molar volume and compositions of the NaCl-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O-CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> system inclusion

On the basis of Parry’s method (1986), an improved method was established to determine the molar volume (Vm) and compositions (X) of the NaCl-H2O-CO2 (NHC) system inclusion. To use this method, the determination of Vm-X only requires three microthermometric data of a NHC inclusion: partial homog-enization temperature (Th ,CO2), salinity (S) and total homogenization temperature (Th). Theoretically, four associated equations are needed containing four unknown parameters: X CO2, XNaCl, Vm and F (volume fraction of CO2 phase in total inclusion when occurring partial homogenization). When they are released, the Vm-X are determined. The former three equations, only correlated with Th ,CO2, S and F, have simplified expressions:XCO2=f1(Th,CO2,S,F),XNaCl=f2(Th,CO2,S,F),Vm=f3(Th,CO2,S,F). The last one is the thermodynamic relationship of X CO2, XNaCl, Vm and Th:f4(XCO2,XNaCl,Vm,Th)=0.Since the above four associated equations are complicated, it is necessary to adopt iterative technique to release them. The technique can be described by:(i) Freely input a F value (0≤F≤1),with Th ,CO2 and S, into the former three equations. As a result,X CO 2,XNaCl and the molar volume value recorded as Vm1 are derived. (ii) Input the X CO2 and XNaCl gotten in the step above into the last equation, and another molar volume value recorded as Vm2 is determined. (iii) If Vm1 is unequal to Vm2, the calculation will be restarted from “(i)”. The iteration is completed until Vm1 is equal to Vm2, which means that the four associated equations are released. Compared to Parry’s (1986) solution method, the improved method is more convenient to use, as well as more accurate to determine X CO 2. It is available for a NHC inlusion whose partial homogenization temperature is higher than clatherate melting temperature and there are no solid salt crystals in the inclusion at parital homogenization.     

双/多基地天气雷达探测小椭球粒子群的雷达气象方程

首先导出小椭球散射的方向函数及侧向散射截面的表达式。然后,考虑发射水平偏振波与垂直偏振波这两种情况下,当小椭球粒子群旋转轴作一致铅直取向和在空间作均匀随机取向时,分别建立适用于双/多基地雷达接收子站的雷达气象方程。主要结果为:(1)当入射波以不同的仰角及方位角射到旋转轴任意取向的椭球上时,会在椭球的3个轴上产生不同的极化电偶极矩分量,使小椭球散射方向函数不仅与散射方向有关,还与天线和粒子两个直角坐标之间的配置情况有关。(2)无论入射波偏振方式是水平还是垂直,小椭球粒子的总侧向散射截面恒是散射波在该方向上造成的侧向散射截面之和。(3)双基地雷达气象方程与单基地雷达气象方程比较,其差别在于侧向散射截面与后向散射截面的不同,另外,有效照射体积不同,子站与单基地站天线方向性函数不同,使双基地雷达气象方程中多出与双基地角有关的一个因子。(4)主站天线辐射在半功率点内不论均匀与否,双基地雷达气象方程中的侧向散射截面均代表总的侧向散射截面且依赖入射波偏振方式。(5)给出了小椭球群旋转轴一致铅直取向情况下的双基地雷达气象方程,这些方程与入射波偏振方式、主站发射天线辐射在半功率点内均匀与否有关。入射波为垂直偏振时一致铅直取向的椭球群的侧向散射截面可能由包含铅直分量在内的3个正交分量组成。这具体依赖于主站天线仰角。但入射波为水平偏振时到达子站天线处的回波功率与主站天线仰角无关。(6)给出了小椭球群旋转轴在空间无规则取向时的双基地雷达气象方程,这些方程与主站天线仰角、入射波偏振方式等无关,但与主站发射天线辐射在半功率点内均匀与否有关。     

基于GPS/IMU的红外影像直接定位技术

研究无控制点情况下的红外影像目标快速定位技术,有利于发挥红外遥感的测绘应用潜力。首先介绍了基于GPS/IMU的目标定位原理与方法;然后实验验证了红外影像多像前方交会和GPS/IMU辅助红外影像光束法区域网平差的可行性;并分析了误差产生的原因。实验证明,航空红外遥感在GPS/IMU组合系统的配合下,能满足目标探测与预警的精度要求,具有实用价值。     

Numerical solution of the asymmetric water impact of a wedge in three degrees of freedom

Impact problems associated with water entry have important applications in various aspects of naval architecture and ocean engineering. Estimation of hydrodynamic impact forces especially during the first instances after the impact is very important and is of interest. Since the estimation of hydrodynamic impact load plays an important role in safe design and also in evaluation of structural weight and costs, it is better to use a reliable and accurate prediction method instead of a simple estimation resulted by analyzing methods. In landing of flying boats, some phenomena such as weather conditions and strong winds can cause asymmetric instead of symmetric descent. In this paper, a numerical simulation of the asymmetric impact of a wedge, as the step of a flying boat, considering dynamic equations in two-phase flow is taken into account. The dynamic motion of the wedge in two-phase flow is solved based on finite volume method with volume of fluid (VOF) scheme considering dynamic equations. Then the effects of different angles of impact and water depth on the velocity change and slamming forces in an asymmetric impact are investigated. The comparison between the simulation results and experimental data verifies the accuracy of the method applied in the present study.     

改进的波流相互作用Boussinesq方程

对于波流相互作用的Boussinesq方程,为了考虑水流作用所引起的平均水面变化,通过引入新的计算速度,使方程色散关系中的水深为考虑水流影响后的实际水深,并使方程色散精度达到了Padé[4,4]。通过计算潜堤强水流和裂流两种背景水流流场情况下的波浪运动特征,验证了该模型和数值方法的正确性。     

含自相容源的可积系统

含自相容源的可积方程（SESCSs）是一类重要的非线性偏微分方程,研究其可积性和寻求其精确解都具有重要的数学意义,SESCSs描述的是不同孤波间的相互作用,又有重要的物理意义。这类方程也正丰富了Lax可积系统的内容。从可积意义上详细介绍了含自相容源的可积方程,与求解此类方程有关的构造含自相容源的可积方程的方法。给出Lax可积的概念,作为例子,给出了含自相容源的非等谱KdV方程族、含自相容源的非等谱AKNS方程族及其Lax表示。     

关于电磁场的结构

本文讨论了电磁场的结构。作者从变分原理导出了麦氏方程蛆,同时又阐述了电磁场是规范场和电磁势是U(1)丛上的联络这两个近代观点。通过把麦氏方程组表示成外微分形式,作者得到了罗仑兹协变的电磁场方程组。从在不单连通的底流形上的U(1)丛上存在不同的联络这一事实出发,作者得出了Aha-ranov-Bohm效应。最后,考虑到麦氏方程组对(?)和(?)的对称性,还讨论了磁单极问题。     

CHARACTER OF SIMPLIFIED NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS FOR NEAR THE LEADING EDGE PART OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL LAMINAR FLOW PAST A FLAT PLATE

Starting from the Simplified Navier-Stokes(SNS)equations presented at first by Godovachev-Kuzmin-Tsopov,and Gao Zhi,Davis,the authors analyze the character of the SNS equations for the laminarflow near the leading edge of a flat plate and far away from the plate by using the Weiner—Hopf meth-od and Fourier transform.It is proved that the solution of the SNS equations agree with the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for flow near the leading edge of the plate and far away from the plate.How to match the solution of the SNS equations to the Blasius solution of the boundary layer equationsis also discussed.