不规则区域海浪嵌套模式设计及其应用实例

本研究针对第三代MASNUM海浪模式的并行设计特点,设计实现了并行化不规则嵌套计算,从而提高了海浪模式嵌套模拟的灵活性和时效性.选取浙江舟山、宁波附近海域,利用201 1年的NCEP再分析风场作为强迫,采用大、中、小网格并利用该嵌套模式进行了三重嵌套应用.其中大、中区域实验均采用规则矩形方式设置开边界,大区域的模拟结果为中区域嵌套实验提供开边界条件,同时中区域嵌套输出小区域嵌套实验在不规则开边界上的边界条件.中区域的实验结果与卫星观测资料的对比表明:嵌套实验比无嵌套实验的误差小30％左右,二者在开边界附近的有效波高差异较大,达到0.5m以上.8月份中区域的无嵌套实验所得有效波高平均为0.7m,最大值为3.6m,嵌套实验结果则分别为1.0、7.1m,后者更接近以往观测资料所显示的平均波高1.5～2.0 m和最大波高5.0 ～10.0 m的结果,表明该常规嵌套方式的可行性.小区域实验也包含嵌套和无嵌套2个实验,开边界均采用不规则形状.实验结果表明:在5～8月期间,嵌套实验的波向与无嵌套的波向差异较明显,主要表现为外海传入;在6～7月份,嵌套实验与无嵌套实验有效波高的差值达1.0m以上;嵌套实验的周期普遍大于无嵌套的模拟结果,其最大差异为8 s.上述实验结果表明,该嵌套模式可实现规则开边界区域和不规则区域的嵌套模拟,可应用于复杂近岸区域的海浪数值模拟和预报,有效提高对关注区域海浪的模拟能力.     

Comparison of Ensemble Kalman Filter groundwater-data assimilation methods based on stochastic moment equations and Monte Carlo simulation

Traditional Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) data assimilation requires computationally intensive Monte Carlo (MC) sampling, which suffers from filter inbreeding unless the number of simulations is large. Recently we proposed an alternative EnKF groundwater-data assimilation method that obviates the need for sampling and is free of inbreeding issues. In our new approach, theoretical ensemble moments are approximated directly by solving a system of corresponding stochastic groundwater flow equations. Like MC-based EnKF, our moment equations (ME) approach allows Bayesian updating of system states and parameters in real-time as new data become available. Here we compare the performances and accuracies of the two approaches on two-dimensional transient groundwater flow toward a well pumping water in a synthetic, randomly heterogeneous confined aquifer subject to prescribed head and flux boundary conditions.     

储层弹性与物性参数地震叠前同步反演的确定性优化方法

储层弹性与物性参数可直接应用于储层岩性预测和流体识别,是储层综合评价和油气藏精细描述的基本要素之一.现有的储层弹性与物性参数地震同步反演方法大都基于Gassmann方程,使用地震叠前数据,通过随机优化方法反演储层弹性与物性参数;或基于Wyllie方程,使用地震叠后数据,通过确定性优化方法反演储层弹性与物性参数.本文提出一种基于Gassmann方程、通过确定性优化方法开展储层弹性和物性参数地震叠前反演的方法,该方法利用Gassmann方程建立储层物性参数与叠前地震观测数据之间的联系,在贝叶斯反演框架下以储层弹性与物性参数的联合后验概率为目标函数,通过将目标函数的梯度用泰勒公式展开得到储层弹性与物性参数联合的方程组,其中储层弹性参数对物性参数的梯度用差分形式表示,最后通过共轭梯度算法迭代求解得到储层弹性与物性参数的最优解.理论试算与实际资料反演结果证明了方法的可行性.     

半拉格朗日模式风的半解析解及与差分解的比较试验

质点的轨迹计算是半拉格朗日模式的重要基础,传统的数值计算方法由于采用时间差分代替微分,只能得到质点运动轨迹终点的速度,因此质点的移动轨迹（位移）只能靠风速外推的方法计算,导致了模式计算不稳定等问题.借鉴精细积分法中使用半解析解的思路,利用正压原始方程研究了用运动方程的半解析解构建数值模式的可能性.求解了运动方程的一阶和二阶微分方程组的半解析解,通过时间积分半解析解计算质点运动轨迹.数值试验表明,一阶微分方程组的半解析解比差分解略有优势.二阶微分方程组的半解析解在时间步长增大时优势非常明显,而且在保证计算精度的前提下,节省计算时间,这对提高模式性能有重要作用.     

Rayleigh scattering: Volterra equation for the matrix source function

Multiple Rayleigh scattering is examined in a semi-infinite atmosphere with uniformly distributed primary sources of partially polarized radiation. The resulting linear polarization is described by a 2×2 matrix transfer equation. A matrix generalization of Rybicki's two point Q-integral is obtained for this case. It is shown that the Volterra equation for the matrix source function for this problem is a particular case of our Q integral. Applying the Laplace transform to it yields the matrix form of the Ambartsumyan-Chandrasekhar H-equation. The Volterra equation for Sobolev's matrix resolvent function is another simple consequence of this equation. Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 301–310 (May 2009).     

基于缓变地形的远程海啸传播模拟的改进

在Sung(2002)所提出方案的基础上,考虑了非线性的作用,使得浅水差分方程组的数值解可以近似代替精度较高但却难以计算的Boussinesq方程的理论解,通过实验将新方案与Sung(2002)所提方案进行了比较,表明新方案适用于地形变化的情况。     

Numerical investigation of oscillations induced by submerged sliding masses within a harbor of constant slope

Oscillations within a rectangular harbor of constant slope induced by submerged sliding masses are investigated numerically based on Boussinesq-type equations and results are used to reveal the characteristics of the generated oscillations. The numerical result of each transverse eigenfrequency is very close to the theoretical prediction and the spatial structure of each mode of the oscillations may also be well captured by the existing analytical solutions based on shallow water equations. The investigation shows that relatively small-scale sliding masses whose width is small compared with the harbor width may induce obvious transverse oscillations. The predominant transverse components are those with small mode numbers when the solid slides start moving from the backwall. In comparing the oscillations induced by the slides of constant velocity and those accelerated by gravity force with bottom friction, it is observed that the movements accelerated by gravity force may facilitate the development of very low transverse oscillation modes while those with constant velocity may also be in favor of the higher ones. The augmentation of the sliding velocity along the constant slope may shift the amplitudes of the oscillation components to smaller values, which corresponds to the physical understandings of the waves generated by underwater sliding masses or landslides. While the sliding masses may not act on an isolated point of the bottom but follow a certain trajectory along the harbor, the transverse oscillations induced by them are sensitive to their position of departure in both the cross-harbor direction and the offshore direction. Longitudinal oscillations may be induced by relatively large sliding masses of harbor width on a constant slope within the harbor. Although the longitudinal oscillations may not reach a steady state without forcing terms at the entrance of the harbor, some patterns of several low-mode ones occur and wavelet spectra are used to analyze their evolutions and comparisons are made with theoretical predictions. It is revealed that the longitudinal oscillations are also sensitive to the moving velocity and initial location of the sliding masses.     

附加条件对普通数码影像DLT算法精度影响

在不同的控制点条件下,利用附加条件的DLT算法处理普通数码影像.结果表明,附加条件对DLT的精度影响随控制点条件变化而变化.当控制点分布不良时,影响较大,但难以达到较高精度;当控制点分布较好且为常用数量时,影响明显;当控制点较多时,影响不大.     

Rocking vibration of a rigid strip footing on saturated soil

The dynamic response of a rigid strip footing lying on saturated soil is greatly affected by the pore pressure induced by a rocking moment. To consider the complex behavior of the soil under the rocking load, an analytical solution for a rigid strip foundation on saturated soil under a rocking moment is developed under the framework of Biot’s coupling theory. The boundary-value problem for the governing coupling equations for saturated soil is solved using a Fourier transform to yield a pair of dual integral equations. These dual integral equations are transformed into a set of linear equations using an infinite series of orthogonal Jacobi polynomials to yield the compliance functions. In addition, a parametric study has been carried out to examine the influence of: (1) the dimensionless frequency, (2) the dynamic permeability and (3) the Poisson’s ratio on saturated soil under a rocking rigid strip footing.     

部分模糊度固定的多基线解算方法

采用非差观测值构建误差方程,通过等价变换消除卫星钟差参数和接收机钟差参数,建立多个测站的联合等价双差观测方程。针对联合方程等价模糊度个数较多、相关性较强的特点,本文提出一种新的部分模糊度固定（PAR）方法。该方法将等价模糊度按照方差大小升序排列,通过循环剔除最大方差模糊度并进行Ratio检验,最终实现部分模糊度的固定。实例计算表明,相比完全模糊度固定（FAR）方法,PAR方法不仅具有更高的模糊度固定率和成功率,且提高了多基线精密定位的可用性,其坐标解算精度与FAR具有较好的一致性。