两种统计分析模型在CVM应用中的比较研究

学术界普遍认为条件价值法(CVM)是生物多样性非使用价值评估的唯一方法,但其中存在许多问题需进一步完善。针对条件价值法评估结果的准确性和有效性问题,以安徽省鹞落坪国家级自然保护区为例,通过将以往一贯采用的单纯随机抽样评估模型与分层随机抽样评估模型结果的分析比较,认为分层抽样评估模型可在一定程度上提高评估结果准确性和有效性。     

渔业资源调查采样设计优化研究进展

渔业资源调查是指利用一定的采样设计,对渔业种群进行空间布点采样,以获取研究区域内鱼类时空分布以及生物学和生态学信息。但是大量的研究表明,不同的鱼类分布适合不同的采样设计,需要根据鱼类的分布特点和调查目标(种群丰度等)优化采样设计,保证数据的准确性和精度。近年来,相关的研究有很多,涉及不同采样设计的比较和应用以及影响数据质量因素的探究。作者着重介绍了定点采样、传统方法、适应性方法和基于地理统计学方法,叙述了计算机模拟及重采样技术在采样设计优化中的应用以及相对偏差、相对估计误差、设计效果和变异系数等评价采样设计性能的指标,同时对采样设计中需要注意的问题进行介绍,最后进行了总结并对未来的研究工作进行展望。     

高精度动态频率测量系统

本文介绍了一种高精度动态频率测量系统。它能以较高的采样频率,对一动态变化的频率进行自动测量,并将数据存盘。即使被测频率比较低,仍能取得很高的测量精度。     

An evaluation of an automated hollow-fibre ultrafiltration apparatus for the isolation of colloidal materials in natural waters

Colloidal materials and macromolecules that are less than 0.45 mircons in diameter can act to transport both hydrophobic and hydrophilic contaminations in subsurface waters. An automated hollow-fibre ultrafiltration apparatus is described and evaluated regarding its ability to physically size and isolate colloidal materials from natural waters. Sufficient size-fractionated colloidal samples can be obtained from 60 litre samples to perform inorganic, organic, and radionuclide characterizations, as well as allow the binding capacities of humic and fulvic materials to be evaluated. Samples processed in the field with the automated system were compared with laboratory analyses using single cartridge hollow-fibre ultrafilters and found to agree well with each other. Typical sample reproducibilities were with 15 per cent. The results indicate that field collection of colloidal materials is feasible with minimal sample perturbation using the automated sampler.     

Sampling‐surface orientation and clast macrofabric in periglacial colluvium

To isolate the influence of sampling‐surface orientation on the macrofabric of periglacial colluvial deposits, clast orientation measurements were obtained from seven paired horizontal and vertical exposures in turf‐banked solifluction lobes on Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range. Most samples form moderately strong, upslope‐plunging clusters aligned with the local slope orientation. Fabrics obtained from vertical faces were stronger than those from horizontal exposures in six of the pairs. Near‐horizontal sampling surfaces yield less biased results than vertical exposures, owing to operator perceptions, procedural difficulties, and the relative thinness of the layer affected by colluvial processes. Sampling procedures must be standardized before comparative studies of colluvium can yield reliable results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

STUDY ON SAMPLING INSPECTION SCHEME TO DIGITAL PRODUCTS IN GIS

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地图数据的综合采样方法

本文从用户对地图数字化采样工艺和数据结构的需求出发,设计了“图斑——链”综合采样方法,并编写了与之相应的程序。实验结果表明,该方法操作过程简单.可直接为地籍信息系统提供标准拓扑数据结构文件,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

提高探矿生产效率是增强探矿单位经济效益的根本保证

吉林省地矿局通过抓好探矿装备的配套,加强生产与技术的管理和坚定不移地依靠技术进步,钻探生产水平大幅度地提高,取得了明显的技术经济效益。