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Luiz Francisco Fontana João Graciano Mendonça Filho 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(10):1674-1681
The aim of this work was to quantify the biopolymers associated to esterase enzymes and identify bacterial respiratory activity in four cores collected in Suruí Mangrove, Guanabara Bay - RJ. Biopolymer concentration was 1000 times lower than previously reported in the literature, indicating the need for creating and establishing eutrophication indicative rates and records compatible with tropical coastal systems. The biochemical representative relationships in the cores were equivalent to those from studies on coastal marine environments made in the Northern Hemisphere. The esterase enzymes in the sediment proved efficient in the mineralization of biopolymers, even with preferentially anaerobic metabolic physiology. Despite the lack of incipient geomicrobiological studies, the results highlighted the possible application of microbiology to a better understanding of geological processes. 相似文献
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鲈鱼群体生化遗传学研究 Ⅰ.同工酶的生化遗传分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
于1994年9月—1995年12月,在青岛近海采集37尾鲈鱼的生化样品,采用淀粉胶和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶2种电泳方法,分析了LDH、MDH、MEP、IDHP、PGM、G3PDH、AK、CK、ADH、SDH、G6PDH、GDH、PGDH、CAT、MPI、EST、SOD等同工酶在鲈鱼眼睛、肌肉、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、鳃、胸鳍等7种组织或器官中的表达情况,并对同工酶表型进行了生化遗传分析,以期为其种质资源保护和开发,以及遗传育种等方面的研究提供基础资料。结果表明,17种同工酶由31个基因座位编码,其中Mep-1、Pgm-1、Sdh、Gdh、Pgdh、Mpi、Est-1、Est-4等8个基因座位为多态。多态座位比例为25 8%。 相似文献
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Shanta Nair C. Mohandass P. A. Loka Bharathi G. Sheelu Raghukumar Chandralata 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):273-283
The response of sediment bacteria and biochemical variables to benthic disturbance was investigated in the Central Indian Ocean Basin from cores at nine stations. Generally, bacterial density and biochemical variables declined vertically with depth in the upper layers of the cores. Mechanical disturbance caused by a hydraulic disturber brought about a substantial decrease in total bacterial numbers. However, the numbers of retrievable bacteria increased by two orders of magnitude. The biochemical parameters decreased in quantity with a shift in the linear relationship. The data suggest that abiotic artifacts will directly affect the biomass and biochemistry of the sediment. 相似文献
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Ramos-Gómez J Martins M Raimundo J Vale C Martín-Díaz ML DelValls TA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(7):1538-1549
Sediment toxicity assessments using caged organisms present advantages over using laboratory and native community studies. The use of caged Arenicola marina in sediment toxicity assessments was evaluated. Lugworms were exposed in situ to sediments from coastal and port areas in Spain for seven days, and the activities of the biotransformation enzymes ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, dibenzylfluorescein dealkylase and glutathione S-transferase, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation were then analyzed as biomarkers. Biomarker results and sediment physicochemical data were integrated. Cádiz Bay (SW Spain) sediments presented metal contamination that was not linked to a biochemical response. In LPGC Port (SW Spain), Pb contamination exhibited a moderate toxic potential, while PAHs, and presumably pharmaceuticals, provoked biochemical responses that efficiently prevented lipid peroxidation. In Santander Bay (N Spain), exposure to PAHs and, presumably, pharmaceuticals induced biomarker responses, but lipid peroxidation occurred nevertheless. These results indicated that caged A. marina were effective for the assessment of sediment quality and that the selected biomarkers were sufficiently sensitive to identify chemical exposure and toxicity. 相似文献
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An exploratory study on the use of enzyme activities as sediment tracers: biochemical fingerprints? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kazem NOSRATI Gerard GOVERS Hassan AHMADI Forood SHARIFI Mohammad Ali AMOOZEGAR Roel MERCKX Matthias VANMAERCKE 《国际泥沙研究》2011,26(2):136-151
Little information exists on the potential of soil enzyme activities,which are sensitive to soil properties and management,for the characterization of sediment sources at the catchment scale.The objective of this study is to explore and evaluate enzyme activity as tracer for sediment fingerprinting in the Hiv catchment(55 km~2),Iran.Therefore,four enzymes were measured from 42 different sampling sites,covering three sediment source areas(rangeland/surface erosion,orchard/surface erosion,and streambank erosion),as well as from 12 sediment samples from reservoir check dams (sediment sinks).The results indicate that,based upon backward mode discriminant analysis,βglucosidase and dehydrogenase,allowed more than 95%of the samples to be correctly assigned to their source areas.These enzymes were selected as input data for a mixing-model to determine the relative contribution of the sampled sediment sources.The mean contributions from rangeland, orchard and streambank sources in the study area were estimated as 11.3%,15.1%and 73.7%, respectively.Using geochemical tracers,the mean contribution from rangeland,orchard and streambank sources was estimated as 14.1%,9.5%and 74.8%,respectively.Combined biochemical and geochemical tracers,similar values were obtained(18.7%,10.7%and 70.7%,respectively).Our results indicate that soil enzyme activity allows for a good characterization of sediment sources,and can provide a complementary tool to currently existing sediment fingerprinting approaches.However, the method should be also tested in other regions. 相似文献
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对从湛江市水产品批发市场分离得到一株溶藻弧菌噬菌体的生理特性进行测定,结果表明:该株噬菌体噬菌斑12 h直径为1~1.5 mm,对紫外线敏感,暴露在紫外灯(20 W,30 cm)下30 min可丧失全部裂解活性;在pH8~11范围内裂解活性较强,最适pH值为11,裂解周期为65 min,对65℃以上的高温敏感,对乙醚和氯仿有较好的耐受性,对抗病毒药物阿昔洛韦敏感,最大常规稀释度为106CFU/mL,最佳感染复数为10。 相似文献
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Characterization of fish hold effluent discharged from commercial fishing vessels into harbor waters
《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,88(1-2):29-38
Fish hold effluent and the effluent produced from the cleaning of fish holds may contain organic material resulting from the degradation of seafood and cleaning products (e.g., soaps and detergents). This effluent is often discharged by vessels into near shore waters and, therefore, could have the potential to contribute to water pollution in bays and estuaries. We characterized effluent from commercial fishing vessels with holds containing refrigerated seawater, ice slurry, or chipped ice. Concentrations of trace heavy metals, wet chemistry parameters, and nutrients in effluent were compared to screening benchmarks to determine if there is a reasonable potential for effluent discharge to contribute to nonattainment of water quality standards. Most analytes (67%) exceeded their benchmark concentration and, therefore, may have the potential to pose risk to human health or the environment if discharges are in significant quantities or there are many vessels discharging in the same areas. 相似文献
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Anette Reenberg Trine Louring Nielsen Kjeld Rasmussen 《Global Environmental Change》1998,8(4):309-327
The paper addresses the dynamic relationship between the human use of land and alterations in the biophysical environment, demographic pressure or socio-economic conditions. An empirical study from the Sahelian zone in northern Burkina Faso illustrates the dynamics of cultivation pattern at the village level and the changing priorities given to different landscape units over time. Field measurements, aerial photos and satellite images from seven successive years provide information on land use pattern changes from 1945 to 1995. A household survey illustrates how socio-economic and cultural parameters enable and constrain land use strategies at the farm level. 相似文献