太子河流域本溪期沉积相特征

太子河流域是华北地台区本溪组最发育的地区之一。本文从典型剖面分析入手,对本溪期的沉积相进行分析讨论。本溪的牛心台剖面海相层位出现最早,晚期出现浅水生物碎屑滩沉积,底部之滨海湖沼相中的铝土矿厚度大品位高;大葫芦套村剖面以泥岩广泛发育,且灰岩层数多而薄为特征,代表滨海平原湖泊的沉积;田师付太平沟剖面以下部发育一完整的三角洲沉积而有别于其它地区;在最北部的暖河子剖面,下部为滨岸冲积平原的沉积,代表了近陆环境中的沉积。本溪期沉积可分为两个演化阶段,早期沉积受古地形的制约,为一填平补齐作用,沉积环境主要为滨岸冲积平原、滨海湖泊、沼泽以及三角洲;晚期是随着海侵范围的扩大和地形差异的缩小,基本上为一海湾—泻湖环境,但局部有浅水生物碎屑滩的存在。     

辽宁鞍山-本溪地区中太古代花岗质岩石的成因--地球化学及Nd同位素制约

鞍山－本溪地区中太古代花岗质岩浆作用十分发育,形成了３．１Ｇａ立山细粒奥长花岗岩、３．０Ｇａ东鞍山片麻状花岗岩、３．０Ｇａ铁架山片麻状花岗岩和３．０Ｇａ弓长岭片麻状花岗岩等一系列花岗质岩石。岩石的εＮｄ（ｔ）分别为,立山奥长花岗岩（１０个样品）变化于－１．９６～４．２４之间,平均值为０．７６,东鞍山片麻状花岗岩（５个样品）变化于０．２６～２．７２之间,平均值为１．２６,铁架山片麻状花岗岩（５个样品）变化于－３．８５～－４．８３之间,平均值为－４．２８,弓长岭片麻状花岗岩（１个样品）为－２．５８。结合岩石的常量、微量和稀土元素特征,可以认为,立山奥长花岗岩和东鞍山片麻状花岗岩形成于地壳滞留时间不长的中酸性陆壳岩石的部分熔融,前者很可能有玄武质物质的参与。而铁架山片麻状花岗岩和弓长岭片麻状花岗岩则来自于成熟度很高的早期陆壳物质。由此可以推断,鞍山－本溪地区在中太古代以前陆壳基底就有了相当的规模,并具有很长的地壳演化历史。     

Structure and evolution of the Bay of Pozzuoli (Italy) using marine seismic reflection data: implications for collapse of the Campi Flegrei caldera

Digital marine seismic reflection data acquired in 1973 in the Bay of Pozzuoli, and recently reprocessed, were used to study the volcanological evolution of the marine sector of Campi Flegrei Caldera during the last 37 ka. In order to gain more information, interpretation also involved estimation of the "pseudo-velocity" and the "pseudo-density" from the resistivity logs of two onshore deep exploration wells. The main results are: (1) discovery of ancient pre-18 ka and post-37 ka submarine and mainly effusive volcanic activity, along coeval emission centers located at the edges of Campi Flegrei Caldera; (2) confirmation that the caldera collapse in the marine sector of Campi Flegrei seems strongly controlled by regional NE–SW and NW–SE structural discontinuities; (3) the finding of at least two episodes of collapse in the bay; and (4) identification of a post-18 ka volcanic deflation phase that has caused about 150–200 m of subsidence in the central sector of the Bay of Pozzuoli in the last 18 ka.Editorial responsibilty: T. Druitt     

塔里木盆地深层碳酸盐岩中不同赋存形式芳烃化合物组成

通过对塔参1井深层（＞5 700 m）碳酸盐岩游离有机质（氯仿沥青“A”）和包裹有机质（氯仿沥青“C”）中芳烃化合物组成和成熟度参数对比研究发现,芳烃化合物组成中菲和二苯并噻吩系列化合物较为丰富,菲和〖JX-*9〗〖XCQQ.TIF;%80%80〗〖JX*9〗等系列化合物丰度随埋深增加而增大,而二苯并噻吩、苯并萘并噻吩和芴等系列化合物丰度表现出相反的规律,这反映出不同芳烃系列化合物在高过成熟阶段热稳定性的差异。同一样品两种赋存形式芳烃化合物组成和成熟度参数明显不同,芳烃化合物成熟度参数和烷基化程度都反映出包裹有机质成熟度低于游离有机质,说明包裹有机质的热演化作用受到了抑制。在高过成熟阶段仍有部分芳烃参数仍可以用来表征深层有机质热演化程度,这些参数包括:菲系列烷基化指标（C1 P /C4 P、C1 P /C3 P、 C2 P /C4 P 、C2 P /C3 P）、以及二苯并噻吩系列化合物中MDR、C1/C3 DBT、2,4/1,4 DMDBT和4,6/1,4 DMDBT参数;虽然DBT/P比值被认为指示沉积环境的有效参数,但塔参1井深层样品研究表明,该参数与热演化程度关系密切,为高过成熟度阶段较好的成熟度参数。      

豫西偃师龙门地区上石炭统本溪组含铝岩系矿物学特征及其原岩分析

以华北陆块南部豫西偃师县龙门镇地区全取芯铝土矿钻孔ZK4704为主要研究对象,通过岩芯观察和垂向上连续取样,运用扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射分析、差热分析、红外光谱分析等手段对本溪组含铝岩系的矿物学特征及其垂向变化规律进行了分析。研究表明,偃龙地区本溪组含铝岩系的矿物均为自生矿物,除后期重结晶作用的影响外,主要以隐晶质或微晶存在,矿物成分在垂向上具有明显的变化规律:下部和上部泥岩以粘土矿物为主,但下部泥岩以伊利石为主,上部泥岩以高岭石为主。中部铝矿物含量较高,粘土矿物含量较少。在上述分析基础上,以化学风化作用的基本原理和产生的条件为联结本溪组含铝岩系矿物学特征和原岩的纽带,分析了铝土矿的原岩。认为,可以迅速水解的火山灰是最有可能的含铝岩系的原岩,而由弱碱性的海相环境逐渐转变为弱酸性沼泽环境的海退序列可以很好地解释水解过程中化学环境的变化,含铝岩系基底强烈的古岩溶作用,可以为硬水铝石的产生提供良好的泄水条件。偃龙地区本溪组铝土矿的火山灰物源可由华北陆块北缘和我国西部地区同时期强烈活动的火山作用提供。     

豫西偃师南部铝土矿地质特征及控矿地质条件

偃师南部铝土矿床产于中奥陶统侵蚀面之上的石炭系本溪组中,分布于早古生代沁阳-开封坳陷与嵩山隆起过渡地带,构造环境相对稳定,沉积间断时间长,沉积相为滨海-泻湖相,风化及淋滤作用对铝土成矿物质来源及后期铝土矿品位提高起着重要作用.     

塔里木盆地塔中Ⅰ号带西北部上奥陶统碳酸盐岩同生期岩溶——以顺2井为例

在对塔中Ⅰ构造带西北部的顺2井奥陶系碳酸盐岩详细岩心观察和室内研究基础上,通过对岩溶作用中的泥质和方解石充填物的矿物组成、粘土成分、常量与微量元素和碳氧同位素的综合研究认为:顺2井良里塔格组碳酸盐岩取心井段显示出小型的潜流-缓流带及渗潜带岩溶结构,发育厚度为几十米(20～60m);具有块(粒)状结构、不发光泥微晶颗粒和裂隙充填方解石等大气水成岩特征及等粒镶嵌状结构、环带结构等埋藏或混合成岩作用特征;泥质充填物含稳定石英、钾长石、斜长石及代表埋藏早期未压实的标型矿物菱铁矿,相对高的CaO、K2O、Sr/Ba、B、F和相对低的Sr具负铈异常等;泥岩充填物中碳酸盐岩δ13C>0,中低负值的δ18O和Z>120;反映其形成于海相或处于海水-淡水混合带,代表了与沉积间断面有关的同生期表生岩溶的特征,后经历了成岩埋藏阶段的热液(水)作用改造。     

Basin Modeling in the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin (Western China): A Fully Temperature-dependent Model of Overpressure History

The fully temperature-dependent model of the effective pressure of the solid matrix and its related overpressure has been derived from the pressure balance equation, mass conservation, and Darcy’s law, and is directly useful in basin modeling. Application of the model in the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin in western China proves that this overpressure model is highly accurate. The case of the present-day values of the calculated overpressure histories of Wells Kela2 and Yinan2 approach the field-measured data with mean absolute relative residuals of 3% and 5%, respectively. This indicates that the overpressure simulation is a practical alternative to using rock mechanics experiments for effective pressure measurement. Since calculation of the overpressure history uses the geohistory model and geothermal history model simulation outcomes, the relevant data used and the output of the two models of the Kela2 well are given as examples. The case studies show that the pore fluid density and viscosity used in the calculation of overpressures should be temperature-dependent, otherwise the calculation results would deviate far from the field-measured pressure data. They also show that the most sensitive parameter governing overpressure is permeability, and permeability can be calculated by using either the Kozeny–Carman formula or the porosity–power function. The Kozeny–Carman formula is better if accurate data for the specific surface area of the solid matrix (S _a ) exists, otherwise, the porosity–power function is used. Furthermore, it is vital for calculating an accurate overpressure history that one can calibrate S _a in the Kozeny–Carman formula, or index m in the porosity–power function by using field-measured pressure data as a constraint. In these specific case studies, the outcome found by using the Kozeny–Carman formula approaches the outcome found by using the porosity–power function with m=4, and both approach the field-measured pressure data.     

Alteration processes of cement induced by CO2-saturated water and its effect on physical properties: Experimental and geochemical modeling study

The objective of this study is to understand cement alteration processes with the evolution of porosity and hardness under geologic CO₂ storage conditions. For this study, the cylindrical cement cores (class G) were reacted with CO₂–saturated water in a vessel (40 °C and 8 MPa) for 10 and 100 days. After the experiment, the CO₂ concentration and Vickers hardness were measured in the hydrated cement core to estimate the carbonation depth and to identify the change in hardness, respectively. Diffusive-reactive transport modeling was also performed to trace the alteration processes and subsequent porosity changes. The results show that cement alteration mainly results from carbonation. With alteration processes, four different reaction zones are developed: degradation zone, carbonation zone, portlandite depletion zone, and unreacted zone. In the degradation zone, the re-dissolution of calcite formed in the carbonation zone leads to the increase of porosity. In contrast, the carbonation zone is characterized by calcite formation resulting mainly from the dissolution of portlandite. The carbonation zone acts as a barrier to CO₂ intrusion by consuming dissolved CO₂. Especially in this zone, although the porosity decreases, the Vickers hardness increases. Our results show that cement alteration processes can affect the physical and hydrological properties of the hydrated cement under CO₂-saturated conditions. Further long-term observation is required to confirm our results under in-situ fluid chemistry of a CO₂ storage reservoir. Nonetheless, this study would be helpful to understand alteration processes of wellbore cements under CO₂ storage conditions.     

塔里木盆地玉北5井下奥陶统蓬莱坝组沉积期的暴露标志及其意义

塔里木盆地玉北地区玉北5井下奥陶统蓬莱坝组,属于局限台地潮坪沉积,主要为一套灰、浅灰色泥晶白云岩、灰色藻纹层(藻席)、灰质云岩与细粉晶云岩。首次在岩芯中发现多个层位发育暴露标志,包括钙结壳、渗流豆石、碴状层、溶洞。溶洞主要发育在第10回次下部,碴状层、钙结壳、渗流豆石发育在第10回次中上部至第5回次。蓬莱坝组这些暴露标志的确认,说明玉北地区早奥陶世特马豆克期有一定规模的海平面下降事件,可能是储层形成的重要控制因素。