井约束非稳态相位校正方法

在地震勘探资料处理中,子波的零相位化有助于提高地震资料的分辨率、改善叠加剖面的质量.常规的相位校正方法是利用测井合成记录对井旁地震记录进行相位估计,然后对整条剖面进行常相位校正,该方法没有考虑地震子波相位的非稳态性（相位随时间和空间变化）.虽然通过局部相似度方法利用最大方差模准则或包络最大相似度准则可以估计出随时间和空间变化的相位属性,但是由于零相位判别准则本身具有一定的局限性,因此精度有限.针对这一问题,本文在局部地震属性和局部平面波模型下,提出了一种井约束的非稳态相位校正方法,该方法不仅考虑了子波相位的非稳态性,而且充分利用了测井合成地震记录进行相位校正精度高的优点.理论模型和实际资料处理表明,本文方法可以有效实现信号的零相位化,有利于改善叠加效果,提高资料的分辨率.     

本溪井水位地震响应范围初探

本溪井对应地震的水位响应可分为震前响应（水位异常）和震时、震后响应（震后效应）两种。自1999年以来,本溪井多次记录到了对应典型地震较为明显的水位响应变化,最远为2004年12月26日印尼苏门答腊MS8.7地震,震中距为4990km,一般来讲,地震的震级越大,震中距越小,本溪井水位响应幅度越大。     

辽宁省本溪期-山西期沉积岩相古地理分析

辽宁省本溪期-山西期沉积地层主要分布于太子河地层小区,少量见于大连地层小区,零星出露于辽西锦州、朝阳、凌源和葫芦岛一带.根据其岩性组合、沉积构造、指相化石及沉积矿产等特征,对该期沉积环境进行较深入的研究,划分为三角洲相、障壁海岸相和海湾陆棚相3个沉积相,进而对本期岩相古地理特征进行分析研究.     

河南省荥巩煤田大峪沟矿段深部铝土矿床地质特征及找矿方向

荥巩煤田大峪沟矿段深部铝土矿床是最近找矿突破发现的一个大型铝土矿床。该铝土矿床成矿时代为早二叠世,成矿物源主要为古陆铝硅酸岩风化物,少量为中奥陶统马家沟组碳酸盐岩风化产物,成矿环境为潮坪-沼泽环境,由长期的沉积间断、特定的岩相古地理环境、构造变形和表生风化作用共同控制着矿床的形成;上石炭统本溪组是铝土矿形成的含矿岩系;海湾泻湖相沉积环境是铝土矿床形成的有利条件;下古生界奥陶系、寒武系古岩溶侵蚀面是铝土矿形成的有利场所,古岩溶侵蚀面洼地及漏斗是铝土矿的定位空间。大峪沟矿段铝土矿床成因模式属于"古陆风化+碎屑和化学沉积";成矿机制为机械和化学分异。含矿岩系底部铁质风化壳/铁质黏土岩为碳酸盐岩风化形成,铝(黏)土矿来源于铝硅酸盐岩。大峪沟深部铝土矿床的发现为河南省寻找深部铝土矿床指明了方向。     

安页1井志留系龙马溪组页岩有机质拉曼光谱特征及其地质意义

我国下古生界海相页岩有机质热演化程度普遍高、陆源植物镜质体缺乏,显微组分难以区分,现有镜质体反射率、岩石热解、Tm/Ts等生物标志化合物指标的测试方法难以有效评价泥页岩有机质成熟度。本文以贵州正安地区安页1井志留系龙马溪组页岩为研究对象,利用场发射扫描电镜观察和激光拉曼光谱检测相结合,不依赖于有机质显微组分类型,直接获取高演化页岩中不同赋存状态有机质的拉曼谱图,利用拉曼谱图衍生参数评价高演化页岩的有机质成熟度。结果表明:安页1井志留系龙马溪组页岩发育着生物结构型、脉状或团块状、自形边界填隙状、他形边界填隙状4种类型有机质,其中自形边界填隙状有机质孔径大于80nm,他形边界填隙状有机质孔径小于60nm,这两种填隙状占比在90%以上,是页岩储层的主体储集空间;4种形态的有机质热演化程度不一致。激光拉曼面扫描取谱方式获得大量数据计算的拉曼成熟度主体介于2. 8%～3. 0%,各类型有机质的拉曼成熟度数量占总数量的比例与场发射扫描电镜观测的半定量统计结果一致。该方法为刻画我国高-过成熟度页岩有机质成熟度提供了一种行之有效的手段。     

Measurement of platform conductor preload in streamlining the life extensions of ageing offshore wells

The life extension of ageing oil wells is becoming an ever more crucial part of an operator's activities in recent years, mainly due to slumping oil price which discourages new exploration and the potential extended operation of some older fields with sufficient producing capacity still remaining. The conductor forms one of the primary structural components of wells and its deterioration over time warrants immediate integrity assessment and rehabilitation plans. The construction residual loading or preloads on the conductor are calculated as per standard guidelines and by analytical means during its design and installation phase, but may not be realistic when assessing aged conductors, due to the high levels of over-conservatism built in to address the various uncertainties during the well drilling phase, hence a more practical means of evaluating this residual load is required in carrying out the integrity assessments. This article presents the novel use of ultrasonic based non-destructive technique (NDT) to measure the conductor preload by observing the travel time of the longitudinal critical refracted (LCR) waves and employing the acoustoelastic method to determine the structural stresses. The measurement of the time of flight (TOF) of this wave component is evaluated from the signals measurement under a range of preload stresses induced into the specimen, and the acoustoelastic calibration curve is obtained as a result, for various section geometries and dimensions. Numerical analyses are also carried out to correlate and validate the magnitude order of the acoustoelastic constant of typical conductor steel grade (grade-B). These are in good agreement with each other and can be a very reliable tool for the on-site preload measurements during oil well integrity assessment. This measurement of conductor preload results in minimising any associated uncertainties, assumptions and the corresponding over-conservatisms carried over from the design stage, hence streamlining the repair and rehabilitation strategies to the most critical well-conductor groups in the field, thus significantly reducing the costs and resources for operators in extending life of aged wells.     

贵州下石炭统旧司组页岩气地质特征及有利区优选

贵州下石炭统旧司组作为页岩气新区新层系勘探重点,近年来虽开展了大量的页岩气地质调查工作,但勘探效果甚微。本文在大量露头、钻井和测试分析资料的基础上,对其页岩空间展布特征、地球化学特征、页岩气储集特征和含气性特征进行详细分析,发现旧司组主要沉积于台盆和泻湖环境,黔西南地区干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ1和Ⅱ2型,在黔南地区主要为Ⅰ型,TOC主要分布于1%～2%。Ro值主要分布于1%～2.5%,区内热液矿物或温泉的影响不具区域性。页岩中石英含量多＞40%。旧司组下段页岩孔隙以宏孔为主,上段页岩孔隙呈中、宏孔并存。孔隙度主要分布2.0%～10.0%,储集性能中等。黔南地区目标层含气性良好,以吸附气为主。黔西南地区目标层以游离气为主,其含气性受断裂和目标层所处应力状态控制。在此分析基础上,结合勘探实践经验,采用综合信息叠合法初步优选出：望谟-紫云-罗甸、罗甸-克度和蟠龙-勺米3个有利勘探区,有利区面积约为1 448 km²。     

多年冻土区第一井——舍尔金井

舍尔金井位于俄罗斯东西伯利亚萨哈共和国雅库茨克市中心,总深度为116.5 m,是多年冻土区第一口深度超过100 m的井。井的挖掘从筹划到完工（1837年）历时10年,是俄罗斯商人费多尔·舍尔金（φедор Шергин）为挖井取水而建造的。舍尔金井的温度资料无可辩驳地证明了多年冻土的存在,它不仅是重要的文化和历史遗产,还是多年冻土存在的重要证据及冻土学发展的见证。     

辽东半岛早白垩世地壳运动性质——来自兰河峪岩体的证据

通过对辽东半岛兰河峪岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征进行研究,将兰河峪岩体高钾钙碱性系列岩石形成时代归入早白垩世.本溪县兰河峪岩体形成的压力环境为0.8~1.0 GPa,推测本区的花岗岩岩浆形成时源区物质来源于30~40 km的地壳深处,地壳较薄.在花岗岩Rb-（Y+Nb）图和Y-Rb图解中,所有的样品都落入板内花岗岩区内,判断当时辽东陆块处在后造山期,岩石圈减薄环境中,反映当时处于伸展构造环境中.兰河峪花岗岩为辽东陆块在早白垩世处于伸展环境中提供了又一有利的证据.     

Kinetics of hydrocarbon generation for Well Yingnan 2 gas reservoir,Tarim Basin,CHina

Well Yingnan 2,an important exploratory well in the east of Tarim Basin,yields high commercial oil and gas flow in Jurassic.Natural gas components and carbon isotopic composition indicate that it belongs to sapropel type gas.Because this region presents many suits of hydrocarbon source rocks,there are some controversies that natural gases were generated from kerogen gas or crude oil cracking gas at present.By using the kinetics of hydrocarbon generation and carbon isotope,natural gas of Well Yingnan 2 is composed mainly of crude oil cracking gas,about 72%,it is generated from secondary kerogen gas of Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rock and crude oil cracking gas of Mid-Upper Ordovician oil reservoir.The main oil and gas filling time is 65 Ma later in the Jurassic gas reservoir of Well Yingnan 2,so the gas reservoir belongs to late accumulation and continuous filling type.