地下水位前兆敏感水力学条件的数值模拟研究

根据弹性孔隙理论,利用数值分析的方法,研究了承压含水层对井水位的映震效果的影响,模拟结果显示：含水层系统的封闭状态对水位的映震效果有很大的影响,侧漏的大小和水头的高低会直接影响水位的观测效果,在系统封闭很好的情况下,观测水位的变化基本与水头的变化呈线性关系,此外,含水层系统的渗透性也是影响水位变化的重要条件之一,渗透性好则水位的映震效果明显。     

分形噪声、多维分形滤波及地球物理测井曲线处理应用

白噪声、布郎运动以及其它满足在双对数坐标中呈一直线和信号具分形结构、自相似性或尺度无关性。地球物理信号通常表现为多个这种信号的叠加,表面为多维分形特征,研究、模拟在双对数坐标中成一直线的信号以及如何将多维分形中多个这种信号剖分出来,对于理解相应的地质、地球物理成因机制有重要意义。通过对两口井的地球物理测井曲线处理,可以初步看出,在选定的物理测井曲线中,其具多维分形特征,不同的沉积过程相互叠架在原始测井曲线中,用滤波方法分析分解信号,可以了解不同沉积作用特征并进一步分析可能的环境变化控制机制。开发的图形界面程序使得这一过程极为容易。     

小庙台应变观测孔水位的源兆异常

2003年6~7月在四川省西昌市小庙地震台附近连续发生2次M_L4.8地震, 台站距震中为8~12 km。 这次地震前在该台地应力观测孔的辅助水位观测中, 记录到了二次特殊的异常现象。 异常表现为: 一是改变水位上升趋势为下降; 二是表现为日变幅度变为显著, 其形态似固体潮效应。 这类异常国内外尚未见报道, 研究认为这与震源过程密切有关, 可作为源兆异常。     

辽宁东部晚古生代本溪组煤系地层鳞木的发现及其意义

最近在辽宁本溪牛毛岭剖面上的上石炭统（宾夕法尼亚亚系）本溪组新洞沟段（本溪组中段）的煤系地层中发现了大量鳞木化石。现有资料证明,在牛毛岭剖面本溪组复洲湾段（本溪组上段）灰岩中发现了属于晚石炭世莫斯科期的牙形石,而在牛毛岭剖面邻近地区本溪组湖田段（本溪组下段）中则发现了属于早石炭世（密西西比亚纪）的亚鳞木、大脉羊齿和贝叶。由此认为,新发现的牛毛岭剖面本溪组新洞沟段（本溪组中段）的鳞木化石,应晚于早石炭世,早于晚石炭世莫斯科期,即应属巴什基尔期。鳞木是辽宁东部第一次成煤期滨海沼泽相成煤植物群中的代表性植物。     

Analytical solution for two-phase flow in a wellbore using the drift-flux model

This paper presents analytical solutions for steady-state, compressible two-phase flow through a wellbore under isothermal conditions using the drift flux conceptual model. Although only applicable to highly idealized systems, the analytical solutions are useful for verifying numerical simulation capabilities that can handle much more complicated systems, and can be used in their own right for gaining insight about two-phase flow processes in wells. The analytical solutions are obtained by solving the mixture momentum equation of steady-state, two-phase flow with an assumption that the two phases are immiscible. These analytical solutions describe the steady-state behavior of two-phase flow in the wellbore, including profiles of phase saturation, phase velocities, and pressure gradients, as affected by the total mass flow rate, phase mass fraction, and drift velocity (i.e., the slip between two phases). Close matching between the analytical solutions and numerical solutions for a hypothetical CO₂ leakage problem as well as to field data from a CO₂ production well indicates that the analytical solution is capable of capturing the major features of steady-state two-phase flow through an open wellbore, and that the related assumptions and simplifications are justified for many actual systems. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of the analytical solution to evaluate how the bottomhole pressure in a well in which CO₂ is leaking upward responds to the mass flow rate of CO₂-water mixture.     

Fuzzy inference system for identification of geological stratigraphy off Prydz Bay, East Antarctica

The analysis of well logging data plays key role in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Various well log parameters such as porosity, gamma ray, density, transit time and resistivity, help in classification of strata and estimation of the physical, electrical and acoustical properties of the subsurface lithology. Strong and conspicuous changes in some of the log parameters associated with any particular geological stratigraphy formation are function of its composition, physical properties that help in classification. However some substrata show moderate values in respective log parameters and make difficult to identify the kind of strata, if we go by the standard variability ranges of any log parameters and visual inspection. The complexity increases further with more number of sensors involved. An attempt is made to identify the kinds of stratigraphy from well logs over Prydz bay basin, East Antarctica using fuzzy inference system. A model is built based on few data sets of known stratigraphy and further the network model is used as test model to infer the lithology of a borehole from their geophysical logs, not used in simulation. Initially the fuzzy based algorithm is trained, validated and tested on well log data and finally identifies the formation lithology of a hydrocarbon reservoir system of study area. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated by the analysis of the results for actual lithologs and coring data of ODP Leg 188. The fuzzy results show that the training performance equals to 82.95% while the prediction ability is 87.69%. The fuzzy results are very encouraging and the model is able to decipher even thin layer seams and other strata from geophysical logs. The result provides the significant sand formation of depth range 316.0- 341.0 m, where core recovery is incomplete.     

几种防斜技术在宣页1井的试验应用

宣页1井是一口评价页岩气资源潜力的探井,设计垂深2570 m,该井主要钻遇中古生界地层,岩性致密,可钻性极值达8~10级,地层倾角45°左右。在分析塔式钻具、偏心钻具、复合钻进、垂直钻井等防斜技术防斜机理的基础上,重点介绍了各种防斜技术在该井试验应用试验情况,并针对各种防斜技术的应用效果进行了评价。     

保山市杏花社区白纸房沟探采井储水构造模式

探采井岩性、产状、岩体破碎程度、构造条件、岩溶发育均利于地下水储存和运移,具有较好的承压条件。水井正好穿越岩溶管道,形成了自喷井(水量1 328m3)。解决2万余人的饮水,缓解旱情,取得了显著社会、经济效益。     

Sustainable development of the seriously polluted cities in China

The environmental problems in the seriously polluted cities in China have been paid attention to by policy-makers and foreign and domestic scholars. However, it is very difficult to improve the environmental quality fundamentally due to its complexity, for example the formation of the seriously deteriorated environment. It is considered that the terminal harnessing is an important way, but the spread of high-level terminal treatment is restricted by the limit of funds and technological level. Therefore, the way for a sustainable development of the seriously polluted cities should be multiple-sided, which is to correlate the operation of environmental protection with the operation of city construction. To achieve an identity of these opposites, measures should be taken during economic development and environmental protection in every developing stage. In this paper, the authors take Benxi City as a case study.     

豫西偃龙地区本溪组铝土矿成矿物质来源分析

豫西偃(师)龙(门)地区本溪组铝土矿是华北陆块南部铝土矿成矿区的重要组成部分,与世界其他地区的岩溶型铝土矿一样,其成矿物质来源争议较大。本文选取偃龙地区本溪组铝土矿中具有代表性的豆鲕(碎屑)状铝土矿和铝土质泥岩两种岩性进行LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb测年,并辅以Hf同位素测定,分析了偃龙地区铝土矿的物质来源及其性质。结果表明,偃龙地区本溪组铝土矿碎屑锆石年龄可分为两组,第一组378~544Ma,峰值为443Ma,除378Ma一颗锆石为泥盆纪外,其余为早古生代,对应加里东期的年龄,占73%;第二组629~3116Ma,为前寒武纪年龄,占27%,具有三个较明显的年龄峰值,992Ma、1817Ma和2500Ma,分别对应四堡期—晋宁期、吕梁期和五台期的年龄。加里东期和四堡期—晋宁期碎屑锆石具有明显的岩浆锆石特征,吕梁期和五台期的碎屑锆石主要为岩浆锆石的变质增生锆石。加里东期和四堡期—晋宁期碎屑锆石(占85.3%)来源于北秦岭造山带,少量的(占6.4%)吕梁期和五台期的碎屑锆石可能来源于下伏马家沟组灰岩的岩溶不溶物。