基于Hv方法的三轴液压振动系统频响函数估计的研究

三轴液压振动系统是实验室内模拟振动环境的主要设备,其主要功能是精确地复现给定的功率谱和时间历程。振动控制技术是实现这一目标的关键技术,它以频响函数估计为基础。频响函数估计的精度影响控制过程的快速性和稳定性。本文对几种典型的频响函数估计方法进行了分析,针对传统方法精度低且受到矩阵病态条件约束等缺点,应用特征分析与摄动理论构造了一种多入多出的Hv方法,并且应用三轴液压振动系统的实测数据对其进行了检验。结果表明该方法是适用的。     

Decumbent development: Urban sprawl in the Guwahati Metropolitan Area,India

Urban sprawl has become a global phenomenon as an outcome of growing population and rapid urbanization. Previous studies have addressed the rising incidence of uncontrollable urban development, particularly in peri-urban areas of cities, leading to chronic urban sprawl. The city of Guwahati, a million city in north east India, has expanded significantly in recent years. In this article, the links between population and growth of built-up areas were examined using geo-spatial techniques and remotely sensed datasets. The results indicate that the sprawl has accentuated in recent years. The intensity of land use remained uneven due to marked variations in the distribution of built-up areas, plausibly an outcome of unplanned urban growth. If current trends are anything to go by, future urban sprawl could pose serious threats to the vulnerable eco-sensitive and peri-urban areas of Guwahati. Secondary cities have unfortunately received scant attention in urban policy research, and Guwahati, epitomizes urban woes in a developing country.     

鲁西北地区土地现实生产力调查与估算

以鲁西北地区县级1∶5万土壤类型图图斑作为基础评价单元,根据农户现有的投入水平,采用“调查法”模拟分析农业土地资源的现实生产力,并与统计资料和“机制法”模型模拟结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,现实投入水平下鲁西北地区夏玉米单产略高于冬小麦单产,对冬小麦的投入从整体上来看相当于中等投入,但又存在着区域差异。对夏玉米的投入具有南北向的差异,由南到北投入水平逐渐降低。鲁西北地区土地现实生产力以宁津县最高,庆云县最低,与“机制法”模型模拟结果比较,各县市之间土地生产潜力差距较大。由此可以说明,各县市土壤质量本身对土地年生产力的大小起着重要作用,进一步证明“调查法”能充分反映土壤在土地综合性质中的主要作用。     

Defining dynamic pelagic habitats in oceanic waters off eastern Australia

Although many species in the pelagic ocean are widespread, they are not randomly distributed. These species may have associations with particular water masses or habitats, but to best understand patterns in the ocean, these habitats must be identified. Previous efforts have produced static or seasonal climatologies, which still represent smearing over habitats. The Eastern Tuna and Billfish Longline Fishery (ETBF) targets a range of high trophic level species in oceanic waters off eastern Australia. In this study, dynamic ocean habitats in the region were identified for each month based on cluster analysis of five oceanographic variables averaged at a monthly time scale and a spatial scale of 0.5° for the period 1995-2006. A total of seven persistent habitats were identified off eastern Australia with intra and interannual variation in size and location, indicating the importance of spatial and temporal variation in the dynamics of the region. The degree to which these dynamic habitats were distinguished was tested using (i) stable isotope analysis of top fish predators caught in the region and (ii) estimates of variation in estimated abundance generated from catch data from the fishery. More precise estimates (measured as lower total CV) of isotopic values from swordfish (Xiphias gladius), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and albacore (Thunnus alalunga) were obtained for 4 of 6 isotope comparisons using the dynamic habitat groupings, which indicate that stratifying by pelagic habitat improved precision. Dynamic habitats produced more precise abundance estimates for 7 of 8 large pelagic species examined, with an average reduction in total CV of 19% compared to when abundance was estimated based on static habitat stratification. These findings could be used to guide development of effective monitoring strategies that can distinguish patterns due to environmental variation, and in the longer term, climate change.     

静态精密单点定位中对流层延迟估计

首先介绍了三种对流层误差改正模型,然后把模型改正值作为先验值,将天顶延迟的剩余误差作为待定参数,分别用卡尔曼滤波和最小二乘两种估计方法计算对流层的残余量;实验证明Saastamoinen模型优于后两种模型,并利用实测气象参数计算对流层延迟,结果表明标准模型与实测气象参数对静态精密单点定位中对流层延迟量的计算结果影响不大...     

基于现代信号处理的罗兰C天波延迟估计研究

传统罗兰C接收机为避免天波信号干扰,采用固定的采样时刻,以致接收机信噪比下降,直接影响了接收机的整体工作性能.分析了三种测量天波时间延迟的现代信号处理方法,并进行了实验仿真分析比对,验证了该方法对于测量天波延迟地波时间的准确性和有效性.     

ASM1中污水水质参数与化学计量系数的估测

简要介绍了活性污泥1号模型中14个污水水质参数与5个化学计量系数的估测方法和典型取值。     

海水叶绿素α浓度遥感测量的实验研究

本文描述了1989年11月在青岛即墨岙山养殖基地所做的海水叶绿素σ浓度遥感测量的基础实验。该实验获得了高浓度叶绿素α含量的海水反射光谱。该反射光谱的特征波段为:波谷在485nm;波峰在450nm 和535nm;“节点”在572nm.根据该实验数据选取了叶绿素α浓度两种双波段估算模式.分析结果表明;两种模式的精度都在50%以上,且双波段反射率的差值法优于双波段反射率比值法.     

海面水包油乳化液溢油量等效估算方法研究

激光诱导荧光(LIF)是一种主动光学探测技术,该技术已在海面未乳化溢油油种鉴别及油膜厚度评估方面取得了一定的研究成果,但乳化溢油的监测理论基础和探测方法尚未成熟。溢油乳化物的量化会直接影响溢油污染的应急处理和灾害评估,但目前对溢油乳化液溢油量的计算尚未有研究报道。本文以水包油乳化液为研究对象,基于等效思想,根据油量相等建立了水包油乳化液与油膜的荧光检测等效模型,并依据光的辐射传输机理推导出等效油膜厚度的估算公式,最后采用仿真实例对估算方法的适用性和有效性进行了验证。实验结果表明,当水包油乳化液含油率小于12×10^-6,厚度小于5.98 cm时,利用所提出的等效方法能有效计算出水包油实际溢油厚度。该方法可为海面乳化溢油量的估算提供一种创新性的方法,具有良好的借鉴意义和实际应用价值。     

经典选权迭代法研究与两步抗差估计的提出

随着权函数的不同出现了不同的抗差估计方法,相应不同的抗差估计方法在一定程度上存在着不足或者缺陷。详细地论述了几种经典的选权迭代抗差估计方法的不足,并从理论出发,提出了两步抗差方案。