基于改进层次熵分析法的致密砂岩储层可压性评价 ——以准噶尔盆地Z109井侏罗系储层为例

储层可压裂性评价是储层改造方案设计的重要依据,影响致密砂岩可压裂性的主要因素有天然裂缝、砂岩脆性、水平应力差异、断裂韧性等。研究以准噶尔盆地中部1区块Z109井侏罗系致密砂岩为例,综合考虑天然裂缝、砂岩脆性、水平应力差异、断裂韧性四种影响因素,采用改进的层次分析和熵值法相结合的方法进行了致密砂岩储层可压裂性评价。研究结果表明:可压裂性指数越大,致密砂岩储层越易于压裂,压裂时越能获得较复杂的裂缝网络;可压裂性指数大于0.44,砂岩脆性高,断裂韧性小,裂缝发育程度高,水平差异系数小的储层段为Ⅰ级优质压裂层;可压裂性指数大于0.44,砂岩脆性高,断裂韧性小,裂缝发育程度低,水平差异系数大的储层段为Ⅱ级可压裂层;研究区Z109井4036~4039 m、4062~4067 m、4214~4218 m和4260~4272 m为Ⅰ级优质压裂层,4093~4108 m和4284~4313 m为Ⅱ级可压裂层。研究成果可为致密砂岩压裂改造提供科学依据。      

滇西保山、泰国西部和南部及澳大利亚悉尼盆地的冈瓦纳相二叠系对比

对滇西保山地块、泰国西部和南部及澳大利亚悉尼盆地的冈瓦纳相二叠纪地层进行了对比。前两者的二叠纪地层岩性和所含生物群面貌基本可以对比 ,皆反映出由冈瓦纳相向特提斯相的转变 ,后者是典型的冈瓦纳相 ,仅早二叠世地层的岩性和所含化石与前两者相似。     

莫霍面地震反射图像揭露出扬子陆块深俯冲过程

近垂直深地震反射剖面对莫霍面变化的观测 ,强有力地说明大陆莫霍面的复杂特征记录了岩石圈的构造历史。横过大别山造山带前陆的深地震反射剖面长约 1 4 0km ,记录时间达 3 0s ,探测深度超过莫霍面深达岩石圈地幔。深地震反射剖面揭示出扬子陆块与大别山造山带结合部位的岩石圈精细结构、清晰的莫霍面及其变化特征。作为相关解释的第一步 ,我们将探测到的莫霍面变化特征与其他特殊反映不同地质年代和岩石圈构造历史的深地震反射剖面进行对比 ,以追索扬子陆块与大别山造山带的岩石圈构造过程。总体北倾的莫霍面和同样北倾的下地壳结构记录了中生代扬子陆块的向北俯冲。北倾的莫霍面错断、叠置现象描述出扬子陆块的俯冲过程。大别山前向北和向南倾斜的交叉反射图像 ,反映了扬子陆块与大别山造山带岩石圈尺度的碰撞关系     

华南陆块钨和锡的地球化学时空分布

以1∶20万区域化探全国扫面计划水系沉积物和中国东部地壳与岩石元素丰度研究W、Sn分析数据为基础,探讨了华南陆块W、Sn的时空分布特征。从空间分布上看,华南陆块W、Sn的高含量主要分布在华南陆块东南部,即岳阳-怀化-桂林-梧州-茂名以东、长江以南广大地区的华夏地块华南造山带和东南沿海火山岩带与扬子地块下扬子台褶带和江南地轴;而南岭地区则是华南造山带W、Sn高含量的集中分布区,与华南中生代大花岗岩省成矿域产出的中国乃至世界重要的W、Sn矿产地相一致。从岩性上看,华南陆块东南部基底碱(正)长花岗岩、板岩、千枚岩、片岩以W、Sn背景含量高为特点。从时间分布上看,华南陆块东南部自中元古代以来形成的基底和盖层中砂岩和泥岩富含W、Sn,在地壳演化后期以富含W、Sn的碱(正)长花岗岩为主体的印支-燕山期大面积花岗质岩浆火山侵入活动达到高峰,造成华南陆块东南部W、Sn高背景含量的分布,形成巨大的W、Sn地球化学域。加之,华南陆块东部W、Sn成矿作用强烈,与W、Sn有关的中大型矿床密集分布,从而导致大量W、Sn区域地球化学异常和局部地球化学异常的形成。     

腔隙性脑梗塞的CT诊断及临床特点

本文回顾性分析了１２０例脑腔隙性梗塞的ＣＴ诊断及临床特点,认为梗塞病灶可被清晰、准确的发现。有助于临床的定性分析,为治疗提供了依据。ＣＴ是目前诊断脑腔隙性梗塞的最有效的检查手段。     

基于GPS速度场采用RELSM模型分析青藏块体东北缘的形变—应变特征

利用青藏块体东北缘地区1999～2001年GPS观测获得的地壳水平运动速率场,通过对该地区进行块体划分,将该地区划分为9个块体,应用块体的整体旋转线性应变模型(RELSM)估计了各个块体的旋转与应变参数,以及计算了该地区内143个GPS站点的应变参数,以此分析了该地区的应变场的基本特征,结果表明:①阿拉善块体s较稳定,其旋转角为0.630×10-8,运动速率为0.688 mm/a,②相比其他块体,共和块体旋转角最大达到了6.589×10-8 ,运动速率达到了7.296 mm/a,③应变高值区主要集中在祁连山断裂,海原断裂等,在这些地区最大剪应变率达到了7.5×10-8、面膨胀率达到了-2.5×10-8、主压应变达到了-6×10-8.     

Occurrence of Alaskan-type mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the North Qilian Mountains, northwest China: Evidence of Cambrian arc magmatism on the Qilian Block

Field relationships, mineralogy and petrology, whole‐rock chemistry, and age of the Zhamashi mafic–ultramafic intrusion in the North Qilian Mountains, northwest China, have been studied in the present work. The Zhamashi intrusive body consists of ultramafic, gabbroic, and dioritic rocks in a crudely concentrically zoned structure. The ultramafic rocks are layered cumulates with rock types varying continuously from dunite through wehrlite and olivine clinopyroxenite to clinopyroxenite. The gabbroic and dioritic rocks are also layered or massive cumulates with rock types varying continuously from noritic gabbro through hornblende gabbro to diorite. The ultramafic and adjoining gabbroic rocks are discontinuous in lithology and discordant in structure across the interface. The interface is steep, sharp, and fractured. Contact metamorphic zones are well developed between the Zhamashi intrusive body and the country rock. The concentrically zoned structure of the intrusive body and the intrusion into the continental crust are the two main pieces of evidence for considering that the Zhamashi intrusion is Alaskan‐type. The mineral chemistry of the chromian spinels (Cr‐spinels) and clinopyroxenes, and the variation trend of the whole‐rock compositional plot in the (Na₂O + K₂O)–FeO–MgO (AFM) diagram are also supportive of this consideration. The age of the Zhamashi intrusive body, determined with sensitive high mass‐resolution ion microprobe on the zircon grains, is 513.0 ± 4.5 Ma. Parental magma of the Zhamashi intrusion is compositionally close to the primitive magma produced by partial melting of the mantle peridotite. It was differentiated by fractional crystallization at low total pressure and under H₂O‐rich conditions in an arc environment to form all the major rock types. The concentrically zoned structure of the Zhamashi intrusive body was constructed in two stages: formation of a stratiform‐type layered sequence, followed by diapiric re‐emplacement. The occurrence of the Alaskan‐type intrusion suggests an active continental margin and Cambrian arc magmatism for the northern margin of the Qilian Block.     

Block coals from Indiana: inferences on changing depositional environment

Significant differences in coal petrography, palynology and coal quality were found between the Lower Block and Upper Block Coal Members (Brazil Formation, Pennsylvanian) in Daviess County, Indiana. The Lower Block Coal Member ranges in thickness from 51 to 74 cm and the Upper Block Coal Member ranges from 20 to 65 cm. Average sulfur content and ash yield of the Lower Block coal (0.98%, 7.65%) are lower than in the Upper Block coal. Megascopically, the coals show distinct differences. The Lower Block is a banded coal with numerous thin fusain horizons and a thin clay parting in the lower third of the seam. The Upper Block coal has a dulling-upward trend, with a bright clarain found at the base that grades into a clarain and then into a durain in the upper portion of the seam. Vitrinite content of the Lower Block coal ranges from 63% to 78%, with the highest vitrinite content found in the middle portion of the seam. In the Upper Block coal, vitrinite content ranges from 40% to 83%, with the highest values found in the lower part of the seam. Ash yield is higher in the upper part of the Upper Block coal, reaching up to 40%. The Lower Block coal is dominated by lycopod trees and tree ferns. The Upper Block coal shows marked differences in spore assemblages between lower and upper parts of the seam. The lower half is dominated by large lycopod trees and tree ferns, similar to the Lower Block coal. The upper half is dominated by small lycopods, mainly Densosporites and Radiizonates. These differences between the Lower Block and Upper Block Coal Members are significant correlation tools applicable to mining exploration and chronostratigraphy.     

上扬子区西北缘米仓山地区卡拉道克中期的三叶虫相

通过对上扬子区西北缘米仓山地区 9个剖面的详细采集 ,在宝塔灰岩 (组 )的 Xenocyclopyge jaskovitchi- Sagavia chuanxiensis三叶虫间隔带 (Caradoc中期 )获得了十分丰富的三叶虫。依据动物群的组成、属的分异度和各个属的相对丰度 ,识别出 4个与深度相关的三叶虫相 :Ovalocephalus- Dislobosaspis相和 Panderia相 ,仅含少量的cyclopygid较浅层浮游的 Microparia(Microparia) cf.speciosa,代表了浅外陆棚的环境 ;Amphytrion- Ovalocephalus相和 Cyclopyge- Cyamella相则出现了较多的在较深水域浮游的 cyclopygid分子 ,属的分异度大大增高 ,代表了深外陆棚的环境     

巴颜喀拉块体北东地区现今水平运动与变形

本文利用GPS数据研究了巴颜喀拉块体北东地区现今水平运动与变形特征。 在球坐标系中解算了各应变分量, 分析了应变率场的空间分布特征, 并与地球物理学和地震地质学研究结果进行了综合对比分析。 最新的GPS速度场结果表明, 巴颜喀拉块体北东地区与高原整体运动性质一样具有顺时针向南东方向旋转的特征, 自西向东和北东方向测站水平运动速度呈现明显的衰减特征。 应变场结果显示, 研究区以北东向的主压应变为主, 伴随着近北西向的张性应变。 应变较强的区域主要分布在活动块体的边界断裂东昆仑断裂带的东段塔藏段和龙门山断裂带上。 东昆仑断裂带东段塔藏段的主压应变明显, 结合地震地质和活动构造资料, 认为东昆仑断裂带东段塔藏段的运动性质自西向东发生了改变, 水平滑动速率逐渐减小, 垂向运动逐渐增强。 研究区GPS速度场和应变场的这一变形特征表明, 青藏高原内部的块体运动特征较为明显, 变形主要集中在作为活动块体边界的活动断裂带上, 边界断裂带的运动特征在调节活动块体间的相互运动中起着重要作用。