吉林地震台网与中国地震台网测定东北地区深源地震震级偏差研究

选用吉林地震台网正式运行以来记录的18次东北地区mb (mB)≥4.0深源地震资料,以中国地震台网地震目录给出的震级为标准震级,进行震级偏差统计分析,得出震级校正值.分析震级差异形成的原因,为吉林地震台网测定东北深源地震震级偏差校正提供参考.     

2004-2010年中国地震台网中心科研论文产出状况分析

以科学引文数据库为资料来源,分析了中国地震台网中心2004-2010年科研论文的产出状况.结果显示,中国地震台网中心自2004年10月成立以来,科技人员在科研活动中的主导地位逐步增强,发表论文的质量提高较快,论文的被引用量及下载量均大幅增加,不同研究领域发表论文的情况差别较大,地震预测预报、震灾应急救援等方面的论文科研影响力较大.     

Density variations of Cr-rich garnets in the upper mantle inferred from the elasticity of uvarovite garnet

The thermoelastic parameters of Ca₃Cr₂Si₃O₁₂ uvarovite garnet were examined in situ at high pressure up to 13 GPa and high temperature up to 1100 K by synchrotron radiation energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction within a 6-6-type multi-anvil press apparatus. A least-square fitting of room T data to a third-order Birch–Murnaghan (BM3) EoS yielded K₀ = 164.2 ± 0.7 GPa, V₀ = 1735.9 ± 0.3 ų (K’₀ fixed to 4.0). P–V–T data were fitted simultaneously by a modified HT-BM3 EoS, which gave the isothermal bulk modulus K₀ = 163.6 ± 2.6 GPa, K’₀ = 4.1 ± 0.5, its temperature derivative (?K_0,T/?T)_P = –0.014 ± 0.002 GPa K^?1, and the thermal expansion coefficients a₀ = 2.32 ± 0.13 ×10^?5 K^?1 and b₀ = 2.13 ± 2.18 ×10^?9 K^?2 (K’₀ fixed to 4.0). Our results showed that the Cr³⁺ enrichment in natural systems likely increases the density of ugrandite garnets, resulting in a substantial increase of mantle garnet densities in regions where Cr-rich spinel releases chromium through a metasomatic reaction.     

The first fossil mayfly nymph (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from the British Isles

Mayflies are very rare in the British fossil record. The first nymph to be found, Schistonotorum wallisi gen. et sp. nov., is described from the non-marine Lower Cretaceous of southeast England. This Early Barremian find is from the Upper Weald Clay Formation at Smokejacks brickworks, Surrey. It is preserved as an adpression in concretionary sideritic ironstone from the upper insect bed exposed in the northeast face of the pit. The palaeoecological significance of this record is discussed.     

山东移动通讯枢纽工程场址的地震环境与地震动参数确定

简要介绍了山东移动通信枢纽工程场地所处的地震环境、历史地震影响以及工程场地条件,利用地震危险性概率分析方法确定了50年超越概率为63％、10％和2％时工程场地平均土条件下的地震烈度、基岩地震动参数,并依据一维剪切波理论进行了场地地震反应分析,得到了具体的抗震设计参数。     

Impact of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program on Operations of the Richard H. Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Center

The first 7 years of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) have had a significant positive impact on operations of the Richard H. Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC). As a result of its seismic project, the amount and quality of real-time seismic data flowing into PTWC has increased dramatically, enabling more rapid, accurate, and detailed analyses of seismic events with tsunamigenic potential. Its tsunameter project is now providing real-time tsunameter data from seven strategic locations in the deep ocean to more accurately measure tsunami waves as they propagate from likely source regions toward shorelines at risk. These data have already been used operationally to help evaluate potential tsunami threats. A new type of tsunami run-up gauge has been deployed in Hawaii to more rapidly assess local tsunamis. Lastly, numerical modeling of tsunamis done with support from the NTHMP is beginning to provide tools for real-time tsunami forecasting that should reduce the incidence of unnecessary warnings and provide more accurate forecasts for destructive tsunamis.     

弧地壳深部岩浆结晶分异过程:来自中祁连西段哈马尔达坂杂岩体的年代学、地球化学和热力学模拟研究SCIEI北大核心CSCD

俯冲带弧岩浆分异是大陆地壳形成的主要过程,对研究大陆地壳的演化与生长机制具有重要意义。本文通过对中祁连弧地体西段盐池湾地区的哈马尔达坂杂岩体进行野外地质、地球化学、年代学和热力学模拟研究,来讨论弧岩浆分异过程。哈马尔达坂杂岩体主要存在两类岩石类型:镁铁质-超镁铁质堆晶岩(包括辉石角闪石岩、角闪辉长岩和角闪石岩)和闪长岩类(包括闪长岩、石英闪长岩)。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示辉石角闪石岩的形成时代为473±1Ma,与相邻高钾岛弧玄武岩的形成时代一致。哈马尔达坂杂岩体与高钾岛弧玄武岩具有相似的全岩Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成,(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_(i)比值在0.7035~0.7053之间,ε_(Nd)(t)=+3.9~+5.1,ε_(Hf)(t)=+10.8~+13.1,表明它们来自同一岩浆源区。结合野外地质关系与岩石地球化学特征,推测该侵入杂岩体的原始熔体为相邻的高钾玄武质弧岩浆。岩石学和地球化学特征表明:闪长岩类是来源于受沉积物熔体交代的俯冲带地幔楔部分熔融形成的原始玄武质岩浆在中下地壳发生(以角闪石为主)结晶分异的产物;镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石具有堆晶结构,地球化学特征呈现富铁贫硅的特征,具有较高的MgO含量(6.19%~14.29%,Mg^(#)=52.3~74.6),代表原始玄武质岩浆分离结晶形成的堆晶体。热力学模拟计算与实验岩石学资料对比,进一步说明该杂岩体中的闪长岩是玄武质岩浆在中压(约0.7GPa)和氧逸度为NNO+1的条件下、发生50%~67%分离结晶的产物。闪长岩类与镁铁质-超镁铁质堆晶岩具有相似的矿物结晶顺序与全岩同位素组成,指示它们具有发生分离结晶作用的互补成分特征,分别代表了玄武质岩浆分离结晶后的衍生熔体和堆晶岩。因此,本文研究表明角闪石分异是弧岩浆分异的主要机制,它导致富SiO_(2)熔体的形成,推动岩浆成分向富硅的方向演变,从而产生新生的安山质地壳。     

北京气候中心大气模式对季节内振荡的模拟

对北京气候中心大气模式(BCC AGCM2.0.1)模拟热带季节内振荡的能力进行了检验.北京气候中心新一代气候模式(BCC AGCM2.0.1)是在原中国国家气候中心模式的基础上参考NCAR CAM3改进形成的.新模式中引进了一个新的参考大气和参考面气压.因此原模式的预报量中的气温(T)和地面气压(p_s)则变为它们对参考大气气温的偏差和对参考面气压的偏差.模式还加入了新的Zhang-Mcfarlane对流参数化方案,并对其参数计算方法进行调整和改进.此外还对模式边界层处理、雪盖计算等进行了改进.上述模式在实测的月海温作为下边界条件的情况下运行52年(1949年9月-2001年10月).然后对运行结果中的季节内振荡的状况进行分析,主要结果如下:NCAR CAM3模式模拟热带季节内振荡的能力很差,主要表现在模拟的热带季节内振荡强度很弱;东移波与西移波的强度很接近,而实际观测中是东移波的能量要远大于西移波;季节内振荡的季节变化及空间分布与观测相差很远.北京气候中心大气模式(BCC AGCM2.0.1)模拟热带季节内振荡的能力有显著的提高.模拟的热带季节内振荡很明显,强度接近于观测结果;模拟东移波的能量要大于西移波,这与观测较为一致;季节内振荡的季节变化和空间分布与观测相差不大.总的来看,BCC AGCM2.0.1模式在模拟热带季节内振荡方面比CAM3模式有明显的改进.