吉林台网测震台站监测效能评估

由于种种原因,台站地震计的固有周期、阻尼、灵敏度、观测动态范围等参数和台基噪声在运行的过程中会发生变化。本文用阶跃标定和计算观测动态范围、台基噪声功率谱的方法,得到吉林测震台网各台站地震计参数和台基噪声的变化情况,掌握吉林测震台网各台站的监测能力,为以后吉林测震台网的建设和发展提出建议。     

用于PB-HTGR燃料球运动规律研究的钴-60螺旋CT系统研发

在球床式高温气冷堆(PB-HTGR)中,球形燃料元件在堆芯中的流动特性是堆芯物理设计和几何设计的基础,球流运动规律的研究在发展球床式高温气冷堆技术中具有基础性的作用。目前还没有一种有效的手段检测燃料球在堆芯中的运动轨迹,有关球流运动规律的理论和实验研究尚不够完善。为了对燃料球在堆芯中的运动规律进行三维实验研究,清华大学核研院按实际堆芯结构等比例缩小设计了实验模型,通过检测目标球在模型中的运动轨迹,可以对不同工况下燃料球的运动规律进行模拟研究。为了满足目标球的检测要求,我们设计了钴-60多层螺旋CT检测方案,可以进行目标球的识别和轨迹追踪,验证实验结果表明该方案可以满足实验系统对目标球检测的要求。      

利用JCZ-1T地震计BB通道观测数据检测地球自由振荡

采用库尔勒台JCZ-1T地震计BB通道垂直向的观测数据,利用功率谱密度估计方法,在没有对观测资料进行任何改正的情况下,获取2016-03-02印尼苏门答腊岛海域7.8级和2016-04-17厄瓜多尔7.5级大地震激发的0S7～0S60基频球型自由振荡,并与PREM模型理论值进行对比分析。结果表明,实测值与理论值相吻合,除部分振型与理论值偏差较大以外,其余振型与理论值偏差均小于0.1％。印尼苏门答腊岛海域7.8级地震所检测的球型振荡能量频谱分布及振型与厄瓜多尔7.5级地震所检测的球型振荡有一定差别,前者所能检测的振型数量相对较多。     

Detection and temporal variation of Co in the digestive glands of the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, in the East China Sea

⁶⁰Co were detected in common octopus specimens collected in the East China Sea in 1996-2005. The source of ⁶⁰Co has remained unclear yet. Stable isotope analyses showed that there was no difference in stable Co concentrations between octopus samples with ⁶⁰Co and without ⁶⁰Co. This result showed that the stable Co in the digestive gland of octopus potentially did not include a trace amount of ⁶⁰Co and the source of ⁶⁰Co existed independently. Furthermore, investigations of octopus in other area and other species indicated that the origin of the source of ⁶⁰Co occurred locally in the restricted area in the East China Sea and not in the coastal area of Japan. Concentrations of ⁶⁰Co have annually decreased with shorter half-life than the physical half-life. This decrease tendency suggests that the sources of ⁶⁰Co were identical and were temporary dumped into the East China Sea as a solid waste.     

深井宽频带地震计的研制

深井地震观测可以排除地面噪声干扰的影响,提高观测的信噪比,应用前景广泛。文中介绍基于DSP的深井宽频带地震计,总体介绍其特点、组成、原理,并对某些关键问题进行阐述,说明各部分的具体实现方案,并研制初步样机。     

Simulation of the subsurface mobility of carbon nanoparticles at the field scale

The production and use of nanomaterials will inevitably lead to their disposal in the natural environment. To assess the risk that these materials pose to human and ecosystem health an understanding of their mobility and ultimate fate is essential. To date, however, relatively little research has been conducted on the fate of nanoparticles in subsurface systems. In this study the subsurface mobility of two carbon nanoparticles: nano-fullerenes (nC₆₀) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is assessed. A two-dimensional finite element model was used to simulate the movement of these nanoparticles under a range of hydrologic and geological conditions, including a heterogeneous permeability field. The numerical model is based on colloid filtration theory (CFT) with a maximum retention capacity term. For the conditions evaluated the carbon nanotubes are much more mobile than nC₆₀ due to the smaller collector efficiency associated with carbon nanotubes. However, the mobility of nC₆₀ increased significantly when a maximum retention capacity term was included in the model. Model results also demonstrate that, for the systems examined, nanoparticles were predicted to be less mobile in heterogeneous systems compared to the homogeneous systems with the same average hydraulic properties.     

地震计阶跃标定自动处理算法研究

标定是监测运行中的地震计主要技术参数的有效手段,保证了观测数据的产出质量。本文介绍了一种新的地震计阶跃标定算法,旨在提高算法的稳定性和自动化程度,适合计算机自动的,成批的处理标定数据。     

JCZ-1T超宽频带地震计LP垂直通道记录的固体潮特征

JCZ-1T超宽频带地震计具有全频带覆盖特性,其低频端输出延伸到固体潮汐,利用地震计LP通道的垂直分向观测数据,经过处理获得有关的固体潮资料,通过对记录信号的频谱分析对其有了初步的认知。JCZ-1T超宽频地震计LP加速度垂直通道记录的观测信号以固体潮汐信息为主,用该仪器观测可以获取与地震相关的综合观测数据,分析JCZ-1T记录波形叠加的的固体潮信息有着重要的实际意义,通过对资料处理运用,可以与传统前兆仪器结合观测,拓展其研究应用领域,更好的服务于地震科学研究。     

地震台JCZ-1与JCZ-1T甚宽频带地震仪对比观测分析

采用成都基准地震台JCZ-1型和JCZ-1T甚宽频带数字地震仪同一时间段记录的地方震、近震和远震的地脉动噪声做功率谱分析.结果表明,JCZ-1和JCZ-1T型甚宽频带地震仪在主要频带内对地噪声的响应程度是一致的.在高频端和低频端JCZ-1T型地震计分辨率更高,且信噪比更高,高出10 ～ 20 dB.JCZ-1型地震计由于长期使用导致材料老化以及受环境温度或气流微量变化的影响,地震计的噪声较高,可能对地震波记录的幅值产生5％左右的影响.JCZ-1T型地震计在安装过程中所采取的保温、防气流扰动等各种防护措施是可靠的.     

渤海海底地震仪探测试验及初步成果

利用大容量气枪枪阵震源和海底地震仪在渤海首次开展人工地震深部地球物理探测试验。本次试验布设一条NWW-SEE向垂直构造走向的勘测线,共投放海底地震仪51台,回收成功50台。试验结果和数据分析表明,所使用的枪阵有足够的能量输出,海底地震仪记录震相丰富,可识别到Ps,Pg,PmP,Pn等多种震相。初至波层析成像结果表明,9 km以上地层速度结构存在明显的横向不均匀性,渤中地区新生代沉积基底埋深5～6 km,结晶基底埋深约9 km,郯庐断裂带内存在"U"型下凹的相对低速体并有向下切割的趋势。此次试验是我国在渤海深部探测中的成功示范,有效填补了渤海海域深地震测深数据的空白,为渤海深部地壳结构研究及含油气盆地形成演化研究提供了重要的基础资料。