Removal of Organic Dyes in Environmental Water onto Magnetic‐Sulfonic Graphene Nanocomposite

A magnetic‐sulfonic graphene nanocomposite (G‐SO₃H/Fe₃O₄) was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. It was used for removal of three cationic dyes: safranine T (ST), neutral red (NR), victoria blue (VB), and three anionic dyes: methyl orange, brilliant yellow, and alizarin red, from environmental water. The experimental conditions were optimized, including pH, amount of adsorbent, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, ionic strength, etc. The results show that G‐SO₃H/Fe₃O₄ can adsorb cationic dyes more efficiently and selectively than anionic dyes at pH 6.0. In the first 10 min of adsorption time, more than 93% of the cationic dyes were removed by the sorbent. Adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model well. The adsorption isotherm coincided with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The maximum adsorption capacities of G‐SO₃H/Fe₃O₄ for ST, NR, and VB dyes were 199.3, 216.8, and 200.6 mg g^?1. The adsorbed cationic dyes were eluted by using different pH values of ethanol as the solvent. The established method was simple, sensitive, and rapid, and was suitable for the adsorption of cationic dyes in environmental water.     

Biologische Behandlung von synthetischen Abwässern mit Azofarbstoffen

Purification of Wastewaters Containing Azo Dyes This study describes the degradability of the azo dye C.I. Reactive Violet 5 by a continuous flow biological treatment system consisting of three rotating disc reactors. The azo dye was first decolorized in an anaerobic reactor. Decolorization was improved by adding an auxiliary substrate (yeast extract and acetic acid). Although severe operating conditions were experienced due to failures in the temperature and pH-controllers, the reactor recovered quickly and continued to decolorize reliably. The removal of the auxiliary substrate in the anaerobic reactor was not satisfactory, probably due to the copper in the azo dye. Batch experiments showed that copper was removed from the dye molecule and precipitated during the decolorization. In the continuous flow reactor, the copper precipitate on the disc can redissolve due to a pH-gradient in the fixed biomass becoming toxic again for the bacteria. In the following two aerobic reactors, the auxiliary substrate was degraded, but mineralization of the dye metabolites was insufficient. The aromatic amines produced by the anaerobic decolorization are more toxic in the bacterial luminescence test than the azo dye. Therefore, decolorization alone cannot be used to treat colored wastewater. Since the amines can also be produced in anaerobic parts of rivers, the dyes have to be removed in a more efficient way. That is the reason why in further experiments ozonation is being tested to increase the biological degradability of the azo dye for a following aerobic stage. Either ozonation can be used after the two stage treatment of the dye in anaerobic/aerobic reactors or the dye can be oxidized directly, making the addition of auxiliary substrate unnecessary. These configurations are being tested with the goal to degrade the dye with the least ozone consumption.     

络合剂对显色反应体系的增敏研究

本文研究了在非离子表面活性剂存在下,络合剂对三苯甲烷酸性染料与金属离子显色反应的增敏效应。实验表明,在Triton x—305存在下,各种络合剂(磷酸二氢钾、苦杏仁酸、钛铁试剂、盐酸羟胺、抗坏血酸等)对三苯甲烷酸性染料(二甲酚橙、溴邻苯三酚红、铬天青S等,其中以铬天青S为主)与金属离子显色体系有增敏、加快显色速度和增强有色络合物的稳定性,对一些干扰离子有一定的掩蔽作用。文章指出显色体系增敏效应的大小因显色体系的不同而异,络合剂掩蔽干扰离子的范围因体系本身的性质而定,虽能提高显色体系的选择性,改善实验条件,但没有规律性,有待进一步研究与应用。     

海水养殖珍珠的染料染色研究

使用艳红S-BRL、艳黄S-5GL、枣红GRL、黑S-2R、红ST-3BF、黑ST-ED和黄ST-4RFN等7种染料,海水、去离子水、乙醇和甲醇等4种溶剂,以及Tween-80、十二烷基硫酸钠和聚乙二醇二甲醚等3种表面活性剂配成不同染液进行海水养殖珍珠染色。结果表明:使这7种染料达到最佳染色效果的溶剂和表面活性剂依次为去离子水和Tween-80、海水和十二烷基硫酸钠、去离子水和十二烷基硫酸钠、去离子水和Tween-80、海水和聚乙二醇二甲醚、海水和Tween-80、乙醇和聚乙二醇二甲醚。此外,艳黄S-5GL、红ST-3BF、黑ST-ED等以海水为溶剂的染色效果要优于以去离子水、乙醇和甲醇为溶剂的染色效果。中性染料着色效果好、孔口沾色轻,活性染料染色色彩鲜艳。