基于ASTER数据的内蒙古东乌珠穆沁北部地区遥感蚀变信息提取

ASTER数据在短波红外和热红外波段光谱信息明显优于ETM,使得在ASTER波段范围内能够更为详尽地刻画地物波谱,尤其是具有特征谱带的岩石和矿物.选择内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗北部地区为工作区域,设计了用光谱角制图法提取矿化蚀变信息的技术方案.通过波段组合和增强处理,ASTER数据对含Fe-OH(如黄钾铁矾,含铁白云母)、Al-OH(如粘土类矿物、明矾石、绿泥石、绢云母)和Fe~(3+) (如褐铁矿,赤铁矿)3种类型蚀变信息的刻画能力明显比ETM更好.野外查证了提取结果的可靠性.     

考虑位移的柔性挡墙上土压力计算

针对地下连续墙等柔性挡土结构, 根据土体的渐进破坏机制,建立了非极限状态下改进的库仑土压力公式,并推导了填土内摩擦角及墙土接触面上外摩擦角的发挥与土体位移的非线性关系。将这一公式运用到改进的弹性抗力法中,得到了一种新的考虑位移的柔性挡墙上土压力计算方法。算例分析表明,模型板上土压力计算值和试验实测值吻合得较好。该计算方法可用于柔性挡墙的设计及验算。     

基于南海波浪要素的波浪滑翔机翼板参数优化设计与仿真

针对南海不同波浪要素条件下波浪滑翔机翼板参数设计的问题进行研究。基于欧洲中尺度天气预报中心大气和海洋全球再分析数据集(ERA5), 对南海不同季节以及台风经过时的波高波周期进行统计。并利用FLUENT软件研究南海不同波浪要素条件下翼板最大偏转角度、转轴位置以及翼板间距对波浪滑翔机水下翼板平均推力的影响。仿真结果表明, 波高越大, 翼板最大偏转角度也应相应增大, 才能保证翼板获得更大的推力; 在南海波浪要素条件下, 翼板转轴位置选取在翼板前端1/5处较佳; 适当增加翼板间距能够提高翼板获得的推力。通过对翼板被动摆动进行仿真, 得到了翼板在不同参数设置下产生的推力, 为波浪滑翔机翼板设计提供参考。     

An Integrating VAP Method for Single-Doppler Radar Wind Retrieval

Some traditional methods, such as the velocity-azimuth display (VAD) and the velocity-azimuth processing (VAP), have been widely usedto retrieve the 3-D wind field from single-Doppler radar data because of their relative conceptual and practical simplicity. The advantage of VAD is that it is not affected by small-scale perturbations of the radial wind along the azimuth, to which the VAP method is very sensitive. Nevertheless, the spatial resolution of the VAD method is very poor compared to the VAP method. We show, in this study, that these two retrieval methods are actually related with each other and they are two special applications of a retrieval function based on the azimuthal uniform-wind assumption for a given azimuthal interval [θ1, θ2]. When using this retrieval function to retrieve wind fields, the azimuthal interval used in retrieval can be adjusted according to the requirement of smoothness or resolution. The larger (smaller) the azimuthal interval is, the coarser (finer) the horizontal resolution of retrieved wind field is, and the more insensitive (sensitive) the retrieval method is to small-scale perturbations. Because the full information within the azimuthal interval [θ1, θ2],instead of the information at two terminal points only, i.e., azimuths θ1 and θ2, is used to retrieve the wind fields, this method is referred to as the integrating VAP (IVAP) method, wherein the horizontal wind field is retrieved by using the Doppler velocity over the part of circumference, delimited by the given azimuthal interval times the scan radius. By contrast,the VAP method uses only the velocities at two terminal points of the given azimuthal interval. Therefore, the IVAP method has a filtering function, and the filtering rate can be controlled by adjusting the azimuthal interval. The filter such as that used in the pre-processing of the VAP method is no longer necessary for the IVAP method. When the retrieval azimuthal interval is as large as a whole circumference, the IVAP becomes the VAD. On the other hand, if only two neighboring azimuthal data are used, the IVAP becomes the VAP. The frequency response function of IVAP indicates that the IVAP method can filter out shortwaves, and a larger azimuthal interval leads to stronger filtering ability, therefore a smoother retrieved wind field. The shortwave filter function of the IVAP method is tested by an ideal experiment wherein the radar observations are artificially created by a uniform flow superposed with random disturbances. The VAP and IVAP methods are used in wind retrieval, respectively, and give different results for different azimuthal intervals (i.e., 6°, 12°, 24°, and 48°). Because the VAP method is sensitive to small disturbances, the retrieved winds have larger errors for all different azimuthal intervals. However, the retrieved wind by the IVAP method has smaller errors when the azimuthal interval is larger due to its shortwave filter function. An experiment for an idealized linear wind field is also carried out to demonstrate the effect of the retrieval azimuthal interval on the IVAP method. The results show that a short interval gives the retrieval close to the “true" wind field with a linear distribution. When increasing the interval, the retrieval is smoothed and can represent only the mean wind field.     

黑河实验区若干下垫面总辐射、地表反射率与太阳高度角的关系

本文利用1991年“黑河实验”期张掖，化音，沙漠站1月、4月、8月、10月太阳辐射观测资料，分析了晴天总辐射、地表反射率与太阳高度角的关系，得到了不同下垫面、不同季节的地表反射率与太阳高度角的函数关系及各站晴天总辐射与太阳高度角的函数关系的拟合公式，并讨论了这种关系在利用卫星观测资料反演地表反射率中的应用．     

通过影响高度多路径质量控制改进热带对流层低层GPS掩星资料同化效果

与观测气象、电离层和气候的GPS卫星计划COSMIC-1相比,COSMIC-2有更大功率的GPS接收天线,高2倍的采样率(100 Hz),小3倍的轨道倾角(24°)。因此,COSMIC-2和未来小卫星将为热带地区提供前所未有的大量无线电掩星观测资料。因为热带对流层低层水汽含量高,折射率有局地大梯度,违背大气球对称性假定,造成影响多路径现象,所以热带地区的掩星资料同化具有较大挑战性。本文首先利用之前研究中提出的影响参数多路径质量控制方法,去除热带对流层低层弯角模拟中出现影响参数多路径现象的资料,然后使用有限射线长度二维(2D)路径追踪观测算子和一维(1D)Abel变换观测算子,进行GPS弯角资料同化。结果表明,如果射线路径限制在离近地面点±300~400 km的水平距离以内,有限射线长度2D路径追踪观测算子得到的弯角模拟与2D射线追踪观测算子得到的弯角廓线之差不仅无偏,而且其标准差远比1D Abel的弯角模拟精度高。此外,无论采用1D Abel变换还是有限射线长度2D路径追踪观测算子来模拟弯角,影响参数多路径质量控制方案都能进一步改进GPS掩星弯角资料同化和预报精度。     

不同坡角公路路基流场的风洞实验

根据内蒙古S315一级公路黑风口路段风沙危害现状,基于风洞模拟实验,采用毕托管测定不同坡角路基模型断面的风速,通过对流场分布、风速廓线及风速减弱率的分析探讨沙漠公路风沙危害的形成机理。结果表明：坡角对路基两侧的积沙范围和风蚀强度有重要影响。风速一定时,坡角越大,路基两侧积沙范围越大,与之对应的防护范围也应加大。路基坡角一定时,路基背风侧积沙范围随风速增大整体可能呈扩大趋势,坡角越大,扩大趋势越不明显,导致大量沙粒堆积在背风坡脚附近,这就需在坡角较大的公路背风侧多设置几道阻沙栅栏和固沙方格来降低风速、防治沙害。风沙流对迎风坡脚和迎风坡肩的风蚀作用最强,在实际应用中,应重点对这两个部位进行工程砌护,以防路基塌陷造成交通事故威胁公路安全运营。     

斜切[010]晶带切片上直接测定斜长石⊥[010]晶带Np′∧[010]_(max)角的新方法

本文作者研究出来的测定Np′∧[010]_(max)的新方法,以测定斜长石斜切[010]晶带切片中钠长石面律双晶结合面(010)的倾角(θ)为手段,按a=90°-θ公式求出斜切[010]晶带切面的倾角(a)。然后,根据视消光角(φ′)和⊥(010)晶带最大消光角(φ)与a角三者间的三角函数关系求出φ角。最后,依φ角查有关图表定出斜长石成分(An％)。     

邢北深部勘查区低角度正断层成因浅析

通过邢北深部勘查区钻孔中所见的断层构造迹象分析,认为原来部分定为高角度的正断层是受太行山隆起赞皇变质核杂岩东侧拆离构造带影响而派生的中、小型低角度正断层。由于变质基底与上覆沉积盖层之间为软硬差距较大的主拆离构造面,在其影响下,上覆地层发育了若干个次级拆离构造面,邢北深部低角度正断层正是受基底拆离构造影响而形成。     

基于拱效应的边坡抗滑桩桩间距计算

基于桩间土的斜拱效应,考虑边坡的倾角对抗滑桩桩间距的影响,并以此建立计算模型。首先在假定土拱的轴线为抛物线的基础上,根据水平面、竖直面内的静力平衡条件和强度条件,推导出桩间距的计算公式,分别得到了相应的合理桩间距计算方法。其次通过具体工程实例,阐述考虑边坡倾角情况下抗滑桩桩间距的计算过程,得到了比较合理的计算结果,并分析了桩间距与土体内摩擦角以及桩间距与坡面倾角之间的关系。分析结果表明,在其他因素不变的情况下,桩间距随桩后土体的内摩擦角增大而增大,随边坡倾角增大先增大后减小。