Gypsum karst intensification as a consequence of sulphur mining activity (Jaziv field,Western Ukraine)

The scope of this study is to evaluate the parameters of the gypsum–anhydrite strata karstification under the influence of the quarry exploitation of Jaziv sulphur field (West Ukraine) accompanying by drainage. The quarry drainage provoked the enormous depression cone forming with 100 km² in area and the corresponding intensification of chemical denudation of the gypsum–anhydrite strata. The gypsum karstification rate for the 29-year period of the quarry drainage was 0.06% with the dissolved rock volume of 1,328,507 m³ that is about 80 times higher than in natural conditions. For the drainage period (29 years) the karst denudation rate was 17,952 m³/km² against the natural background of 231.3 m³/km². The absolute value of artificial denudation for the studied massif area is 1.79 cm for 29 years or 0.062 mm/year while the denudation rate under natural conditions would be 0.231 cm for 29 years or 0.0008 mm/year. The forecasted volumes of the surface-evident collapses are evaluated using the relationship between the calculated amount of dissolved sulphate rocks and volumes of the current surface-evident collapses. According to this evaluation, the current collapses correspond to about 34% only from the dissolved rocks volume calculated for the drainage period.     

Application of neural network and MODIS 250m imagery for estimating suspended sediments concentration in Hangzhou Bay,China

Suspended sediments concentration (SSC) in surface water derived from bottom sediment resuspension or discharge of sediment-laden rivers is an important indication of coastal water quality and changes rapidly in high-energy coastal area. Since artificial neural networks (ANN) had been proven successful in modeling a variety of geophysical transfer functions, an ANN model to simulate the relationship between surface water SSC and satellite-received radiances was employed. In situ SSC measurements from the Hangzhou Bay and the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 m daily products were adopted in this study. Significant correlations were observed between in situ measurements and band 1–2 reflectance values of MODIS images, respectively. Results indicated that application of ANN model with one hidden layer appeared to yield superior simulation performance (r ² = 0.98; n = 25) compared with regression analysis method. The RMSE for the ANN model was less than 10%, whereas the RMSE for the regression analysis was more than 25%. Results also showed that different tidal situations affect the model simulation results to some extent. The SSC of surface water in Hangzhou Bay is high and changes rapidly due to tidal flood and ebb during a tidal cycle. The combined utilization of Terra and Aqua MODIS data can capture the tidal cycle induced dynamic of surface water SSC. This study demonstrated that MODIS 250 m daily products and ANN model are useful for monitoring surface SSC dynamic within high-energy coastal water environments.     

夏季对流云人工增雨效果评价方法初探

由于对流云尺度小、生消快,降水时空分布不均匀等特点,对其进行人工增雨效果评价是十分困难的事.本文利用2003年在"江淮地区对流云人工增雨外场试验"试验区获取的对流云人工增雨监测资料,采用成对对流云试验方案,开展对对流云人工增雨效果进行评估.通过对催化云催化前后雷达特征量和地面雨量变化分析,以及催化云与非催化云自身对比分析和双比分析,初步得出:人工催化后10～20 min增雨效果不明显,人工催化30 min后才能产生明显的增雨效果,其效果在100%以上.     

Finite element modeling of wave propagation problems in multilayered soils resting on a rigid base

A new finite element scheme is proposed, in this paper, for solving two-dimensional wave propagation problems in multilayered soils resting on a rigid base. The multilayered soils are treated as multiple horizontal layers of lateral infinite extension in geometry. Since these horizontal layers can be truncated by two artificially truncated vertical boundaries, two high-order artificial boundary conditions are applied for propagating the incoming waves from the interior domain into the far field of the system. Both the semi-analytical method and the truncated boundary migration procedure are used to derive the high-order artificial boundary conditions, which are comprised of a physically meaningful dashpot and a generalized energy absorber. The main advantage of using the proposed finite element scheme is that the derived artificial boundary condition can be straightforwardly implemented in the finite element analysis, without violating the band/sparse structure of the conventional finite element equation. The related numerical examples have demonstrated that the proposed finite element scheme is of high accuracy in dealing with wave propagation problems in multiple horizontal layers.     

中深孔松动控制爆破在露天方解石矿中应用

桦甸市全兴矿业有限公司银龙大理岩矿是露天开采大理岩(方解石)的矿山,但由于传统的爆破方法造成优质矿石在爆破过程中因抛掷碰撞、炮孔内爆轰压力过大而形成粉碎区而使矿石粉碎,落地后被污染而使部分优质的矿石不能被利用,造成资源浪费。为此进行多次中深孔松动控制爆破试验并获得成功,使优质的矿石得到了回收,提高了产品质量,提高资源利用率,降低了生产成本。     

AFSA-BP神经网络在大坝变形预测中的应用

经典BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值随机给定,使得训练速度慢、网络易于陷入局部极值。引入具有强大全局搜索能力的人工鱼群算法(AFSA)优化BP网络的权值和阈值,建立了基于AFSA-BP神经网络的预测模型,并对大坝的实测资料进行了实证分析。与经典BP神经网络预测模型的预测结果比较表明:AFSA-BP神经网络模型不仅训练速度快,而且预测精度明显提高,是一种较好的大坝变形预测模型。     

Sediment flux sensitivity to climate change: A case study in the Longchuanjiang catchment of the upper Yangtze River, China

Climate change may affect the sediment generation and transportation processes and the consequent sediment flux in a river. The sensitivity of suspended sediment flux to climate change in the Longchuanjiang catchment is investigated with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). ANNs were calibrated and validated using sediment flux data from 1960 to 1990 during which the influence from human activities was relatively stable. The established ANN is used to predict the responses of sediment flux to 25 hypothetical climate scenarios, which were generated by adjusting the baseline temperature up to − 1, 1, 2 and 3 °C and by scaling the baseline precipitation by +/− 10% and +/− 20%. The results indicated when temperature remains unchanged, an increase in rainfall will lead to a rise in sediment flux; when rainfall level remains unchanged, an increase in temperature is likely to result in a decrease in sediment flux. Same percentage of changes in rainfall and temperature are likely to trigger higher responses in wetter months than in drier months. However, it is the combination of the change in temperature and rainfall that determines the change of sediment flux in a river. Higher sediment flux is expected to appear under wetter and warmer climate, when higher transport capacity is accompanied by higher erosion rate.     

Modelling rock fracturing and blast-induced rock mass failure via advanced discretisation within the discontinuous deformation analysis framework

Rock mass failure is a particularly complex process that involves the opening and sliding of existing discontinuities and the fracturing of the intact rock. This paper adopts an advanced discretisation approach to simulate rock failure problems within the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) framework. The accuracy of this approach in continuum analysis is verified first. Then, the advanced discretisation approach for fracturing modelling is presented, and the discretisation strategy is discussed. Sample rock static failures are simulated and the results are compared with experimental results. Thereafter, with a generalised definition of the artificial joints, this approach is further extended and applied in the simulation of blast-induced rock mass failures in which the instant explosion gas pressure obtained by the detonation pressure equation of state is loaded on the main blast chamber walls and the induced surrounding connected fracture surfaces. In the simulation instance of rock mass cast blasting, the whole process, including the blast chamber expansion, explosion gas penetration, rock mass failure and cast, and the formation of the final blasting pile, is wholly reproduced.     

罗安达BurityUltimo基坑支护工程设计与施工

介绍了安哥拉首都罗安达一座建筑基坑支护结构设计概念和实施过程,实例说明恰当地利用坑侧土层特点,采用钉锚组合支护可使结构平面面积与建筑场地面积之比达到92．5％,基坑竖直开挖深度超过14m而对距坑边0．3～0．5m的普通民房正常使用与结构安全影响甚微,基坑可观测到的水平位移小于3mm,支护结构经受多次暴雨安全使用2年之久。     

多孔方形鱼礁对水动力环境影响的试验研究

借助声学多普勒流速仪(ADV)测量了水槽中的中空有盖、无盖多孔方形人工鱼礁模型在0(°)及45(°)迎流方向时尾流场的流速分布与素动强度分布,并对鱼礁周边冲刷后的地形进行了精细测量,由试验资料分析可知:无盖鱼礁0(°)布置时,阻流垂向范围沿程增大,局部冲刷宽度、深度最小,且其对水流的阻减强度呈下强上弱的垂线分布,沿程阻...