南北方人工造雾的气象可行性研究

本文分析了造雾剂的成雾原理和影响成雾效果的温度、相对湿度和风速等环境因素,对典型南方城市(长沙)和北方城市(北京)的相关气象资料进行统计分析表明,南方的气候除14时外非常适合造雾,而北方02时和08时造雾完全可行,20时也存在很大的可能性。外场试验表明,由于开放空间的特点,造雾剂成雾所需的相对湿度降低,同时也由于大面积人造雾的集团效应和外场空间较高的凝水效率,使人工造雾的抗风能力加强,外场人工造雾的可行性很大。     

Using Artificial Neural Networks to Predict the Presence of Overpressured Zones in the Anadarko Basin,Oklahoma

Many sedimentary basins throughout the world exhibit areas with abnormal pore-fluid pressures (higher or lower than normal or hydrostatic pressure). Predicting pore pressure and other parameters (depth, extension, magnitude, etc.) in such areas are challenging tasks. The compressional acoustic (sonic) log (DT) is often used as a predictor because it responds to changes in porosity or compaction produced by abnormal pore-fluid pressures. Unfortunately, the sonic log is not commonly recorded in most oil and/or gas wells. We propose using an artificial neural network to synthesize sonic logs by identifying the mathematical dependency between DT and the commonly available logs, such as normalized gamma ray (GR) and deep resistivity logs (REID). The artificial neural network process can be divided into three steps: (1) Supervised training of the neural network; (2) confirmation and validation of the model by blind-testing the results in wells that contain both the predictor (GR, REID) and the target values (DT) used in the supervised training; and 3) applying the predictive model to all wells containing the required predictor data and verifying the accuracy of the synthetic DT data by comparing the back-predicted synthetic predictor curves (GRNN, REIDNN) to the recorded predictor curves used in training (GR, REID). Artificial neural networks offer significant advantages over traditional deterministic methods. They do not require a precise mathematical model equation that describes the dependency between the predictor values and the target values and, unlike linear regression techniques, neural network methods do not overpredict mean values and thereby preserve original data variability. One of their most important advantages is that their predictions can be validated and confirmed through back-prediction of the input data. This procedure was applied to predict the presence of overpressured zones in the Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma. The results are promising and encouraging.     

Remote sensing and GIS for artificial recharge study, runoff estimation and planning in Ayyar basin, Tamil Nadu, India

This paper focuses on artificial groundwater recharge study in Ayyar basin, Tamil Nadu, India. The basin is covered by hard crystalline rock and overall has poor groundwater conditions. Hence, an artificial recharge study was carried out in this region through a project sponsored by Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology. The Indian Remote Sensing satellite 1A Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor II (IRS 1A LISS II) satellite imagery, aerial photographs and geophysical resistivity data were used to prioritize suitable sites for artificial recharge and to estimate the volume of aquifer dimension available to recharge. The runoff water available for artificial recharge in the basin is estimated through Soil Conservation Service curve number method. The land use/land cover, hydrological soil group and storm rainfall data in different watershed areas were used to calculate the runoff in the watersheds. The weighted curve number for each watershed is obtained through spatial intersection of land use/land cover and hydrological soil group through GeoMedia 3.0 Professional GIS software. Artificial recharge planning was derived on the basis of availability of runoff, aquifer dimension, priority areas and water table conditions in different watersheds in the basin.     

非线性方法油气平面成像预测的研究

系统论和非线性方法为石油地球物理勘探注入了新的动力。本文试通过分形理论结合人工神经网络方法对测井资料进行解释,对油气分布进行平面成像预测。     

Offshore oil platforms and fouling communities in the southern Arabian Gulf (Abu Dhabi)

This study examined the fouling organisms on the legs of offshore oil platforms at two sites in the southern Arabian Gulf (offshore Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates). 100% of the metal structures was colonized by encrusting organisms. Both the number of individuals and the total biomass tended to decrease with depth. The total weight of dead shells always exceeded that of living organisms. Sessile filter feeders dominated the biomass, whereas small mobile forms had the largest number of individuals. The biomass at the deeper platform (22 m) was dominated by bivalves, barnacles and bryozoans, while polychaetes and amphipods had the greatest number of individuals. Biomass values here ranged from 1 g/0.1 m2 at 20 m to 147 g/0.1 m2 at 5 m; the corresponding individual numbers were 266 (20 m) and 11,814 indiv./0.1 m2 (5 m). The results at the shallower platform (11 m) differed in several respects: barnacles clearly dominated over bivalves, and sponges exceeded byrozoans, while total individual numbers fell due to a decline in polychaete dominance. Biomass values here ranged from 84 g/0.1 m2 at 10 m to 153 g/0.1 m2 at 0 m; the corresponding individual numbers were 695 (10 m) and 3,125 indiv./0.1 m2 (0 m). The potential role of such fouling communities on artificial structures in the Gulf is discussed.     

含巨大孤石地层钻进成孔方法浅析

介绍了目前在含巨大孤石地层中的成孔方法,包括一般方法如开挖法,冲击钻进、回转钻进,大直径潜孔锤钻进,爆破法,复合钻进工艺。一般方法处理某些孤石具有一定的效果,但对质地较硬,表面光滑、形状不规则的孤石,则效果欠佳。若采用爆破法或复合性钻进工艺则很好地解决含大孤石地层成孔难题。     

P波对大体积混凝土裂缝的扩展作用研究

根据断裂动力学理论及弹性P波与裂缝相互作用的分析,利用混凝土的动态断裂韧度,研究了大体积混凝土深层或贯穿裂缝在爆炸应力波P波作用下的扩展,得到了含裂缝混凝土的安全质点振动速度,并讨论了P波频率及其入射角对安全质点振动速度的影响。结果表明,频率越低、入射角越大的应力波对混凝土裂缝的扩展作用越大,频率为10 Hz垂直入射条件下,混凝土裂缝不扩展的安全质点振动速度仅为0.95 cm/s,与水利水电工程施工组织设计手册中规定的混凝土重力坝、混凝土闸墩等大体积混凝土结构的安全振速5 cm/s有较大差距,含裂缝混凝土更加容易被破坏。     

爆炸法处理软土地基的回弹模量研究

简要介绍了自洽方法和爆炸法处理软土地基的工作原理,并用自洽方法计算爆炸法处理的软土地基的回弹模量,计算结果和试验结果符合较好。试验证明了用自洽方法计算爆炸法处理软土地基的回弹模量是可行的。     

洞室开挖卸荷作用下岩体裂纹动态应力强度因子分析

在线弹性变形假设的情况下,以龙滩水电站地下厂房开挖为例和以ANSYS数值计算软件为平台,计算了在爆破荷载和初始地应力卸荷荷载作用下岩体裂纹的动态应力强度因子。计算表明,在中高地应力地区的爆破破岩过程中,虽然炮孔附近的裂纹扩展和岩体损伤主要由爆破荷载引起的,但岩体初始地应力的动态卸荷可能是引起保留岩体中远区松动及原有裂纹扩展的重要因素之一。     

天然气管道沟槽石方爆破开挖技术研究

结合西气东输工程聊城至泰安天然气输气管道沟开挖工程的特点,探讨了沟槽石方爆破的设计原则和爆破施工方案。通过选择合适的炮孔布置方式及参数、分段装药结构和起爆顺序,提出了沟槽微差爆破技术以及减小爆破震动和飞石的安全措施,保证了通讯光缆和周围设施的安全,取得了良好的爆破效果,为工程的顺利进行创造了有利条件