Balanced earth satellite orbits

An analytic model for third-body perturbations and for the second zonal harmonic of the central body's gravitational field is presented. A simplified version of this model applied to the Earth-Moon-Sun system indicates the existence of high-altitude and highly-inclined orbits with their apsides in the equator plane, for which the apsidal as well as the nodal motion ceases. For special positions of the node, secular changes of eccentricity and inclination disappear too (balanced orbits). For an ascending node at vernal equinox, the inclination of balanced orbits is 94.56°, for a node at autumnal equinox 85.44°, independent of the eccentricity of the orbit. For a node perpendicular to the equinox, there exist circular balanced orbits at 90° inclination. By slightly adjusting the initial inclination as suggested by the simplified model, orbits can be found — calculated by the full model or by different methods — that show only minor variations in eccentricity, inclination, argument of perigee, and longitude of the ascending node for 10⁵ revolutions and more. Orbits near the unstable equilibria at 94.56° and 85.44° inclination show very long periodic librations and oscillations between retrogade and prograde motion.Retired from IBM Vienna Software Development Laboratory.     

Response of Concrete and Masonry Dams to Ground Vibration due to Blasting

The safety and stability of concrete and masonry dams is a great concern when blasting has to be conducted close to these dams in order to construct small hydro-electric projects. There is a danger of ground vibration amplification to those residential-type buildings that are built close to these dams.

Responses of three concrete and masonry dams were measured directly by conducting a number of blasts and by monitoring vibration in the ground as well as on the dams. The amplitudes and frequencies of the motions were analysed and vibration attenuation relations were derived. These relations were used to compare the vibration levels on the dams with those in the ground.

Because of close-in construction blasts that produced high frequency ground vibrations, there was no amplification of the ground vibrations by these dams. The measured amplitudes of ground vibration were comparable to those of the dams.     

开发广东省空中水资源的战略思考

从干旱和水资源状况出发，探讨了广东省开发空中水资源的必要性。从理论、技术、实践和人工增雨潜力等方面分析了广东省实施人工增雨，开发空中水资源的可行性。结合目前人工增雨现状和存在的问题，提出了广东省开发空中水资源的战略对策。     

应用人工神经网络技术的大型斜拉桥子结构损伤识别研究

本文应用人工神经网络技术对大型斜拉桥结构进行了子结构损伤识别研究。文中首先介绍了子结构损伤识别的基本方法，然后应用自组织竞争神经网络建立了对于大型桥梁结构识别子结构损伤情况的子结构损伤识别方法，并且应用BP网络进一步建立了大型桥梁结构各子结构内部的损伤位置和损伤程度的识别方法，数值模拟了一大跨度斜拉桥子结构损伤以及子结构内部损伤的识别过程，最后得出结论：(1)基于自组织竞争网络的子结构损伤识别方法能迅速准确地识别大型结构的损伤情况；(2)基于BP网络所建立的结构损伤识别方法，能对子结构中结构损伤的位置和程度进行进一步的识别；(3)基于人工神经网络技术的结构损伤识别方法是大型土木工程结构损伤识别的有效方法，可在工程结构损伤识别中广泛应用。     

ALGORITHM FOR DYNAMIC MODELING OF SEDIMENT DISASTER INFORMATION

1 INTRODUCTION Human activities have resulted in enhanced erosion and sedimentation. The process of erosion, sediment transport, and sedimentation in catchments and rivers commonly causes various sediment disasters. To reduce the potential sediment damage, rapid sediment disaster prediction is needed. The main force of sediment disasters is water movement, so the predictive model of sediment disasters is closely related to conventional hydrodynamic models. Because the formation of sedime…     

Fuzzy logic algorithm for runoff-induced sediment transport from bare soil surfaces

Utilizing the rainfall intensity, and slope data, a fuzzy logic algorithm was developed to estimate sediment loads from bare soil surfaces. Considering slope and rainfall as input variables, the variables were fuzzified into fuzzy subsets. The fuzzy subsets of the variables were considered to have triangular membership functions. The relations among rainfall intensity, slope, and sediment transport were represented by a set of fuzzy rules. The fuzzy rules relating input variables to the output variable of sediment discharge were laid out in the IF-THEN format. The commonly used weighted average method was employed for the defuzzification procedure.The sediment load predicted by the fuzzy model was in satisfactory agreement with the measured sediment load data. Predicting the mean sediment loads from experimental runs, the performance of the fuzzy model was compared with that of the artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the physics-based models. The results of showed revealed that the fuzzy model performed better under very high rainfall intensities over different slopes and over very steep slopes under different rainfall intensities. This is closely related to the selection of the shape and frequency of the fuzzy membership functions in the fuzzy model.     

爆破振动分析预测与控制方法综述

本文系统地分析了爆破振动的分析预测和控制方法。对于分析预测,着重讨论了经验公式法、傅立叶变换分析法、小波分析法和人工神经网络法。对于爆破振动控制,介绍了爆破振动控制的方法和原理,重点分析了微差爆破、沟槽和孔排法控制爆破振动的原理。     

地下工程突水的富水优势断裂

突水是地下工程常遇到的主要和危害严重的工程地质现象。工程实例分析表明，地下工程中大的涌水和突水大多与地质结构面，特别是断裂有关。文中分析了断裂控制地下水赋存和运移的规律，以及可能导致突水的富水优势断裂的特征。由于断裂突水的复杂性和众多的影响因素，将地质机制分析、经验判断和定量指标与评价模型相结合是重要的，也是可行的。文中介绍了一种富水优势断裂的量化分级方法，讨论了相应的预测与防治工程对策。     

Productivity optimisation in weak sedimentary formations for improved coal production and roof stability—an approach

Far-field peak particle velocity (PPV) measurements were made in the roof while blasting in coal development drivages at Tandsi Mine, Western Coalfields Limited, India. The roof was fragile at this mine and was posing constant support problems for mining, resulting in low productivity. The PPV measurements have been used to decipher the damage zone in the roof. The extent of damage obtained has been compared to establish the threshold limits for the damage zone. Conversely, the maximum charge per delay that can be exploded is calculated and a suitable blast design has been recommended for maintaining the roof stability and pull. A roof vibration predictor equation has been developed that shows a consistent trend indicating that it may have future use in a similar geo-mining setup. The blast pattern recommended has reduced the damage extent, though marginally, but helped in improving pull. Critical PPV for incipient rock damage in underground coal mine development drivages under fragile roof were computed. The PPV level for incipient crack growth was found to vary from 500 to 800 mm/s while for overbreak it varied from 800 to 1200 mm/s. It was also observed that the location of cut holes, charge concentration and firing sequence were found to be responsible for the difference in their damage potential.     

基于多代理的Web智能信息检索研究

介绍了代理系统的概念和特性。讨论了应用多代理进行Web智能信息检索的技术，随后提出了一种基于多代理的Web信息检索体系结构。