重金属胁迫下四种红树植物幼苗生理响应特征

研究了四种红树植物红海榄、秋茄、木榄、角果木幼苗在不同浓度重金属水溶液胁迫28天后的生理生化指标变化特征,包括可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）活性和氧化损伤标志物丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）含量。研究结果表明四种植物叶片内的SOD、POD活性均呈现出先升高后下降趋势,10倍重金属水溶液中的红海榄,5倍重金属水溶液中的秋茄和木榄,以及1倍重金属水溶液中的角果木具有较好的抗氧化酶活性,能有效清除活性氧,减小氧化损伤。在同等浓度重金属水溶液处理下,MDA含量结果显示红海榄受损程度最轻,秋茄、木榄受损程度居中,角果木受损程度最重。红海榄抗重金属胁迫能力强于秋茄、木榄,角果木抗重金属能力最弱。上述四种红树植物对重金属的抗性结果说明红树科植物具有较强的抗污染能力,这对于我国红树林生态修复与保护具有重要的指导意义。     

甘肃省重要古植物化石产地区划及保护利用

古植物化石是地质历史时期各类植物实体或遗迹的残留.对古植物化石产地进行系统的调查和区划研究是开展古生物化石保护和利用工作的基础.在资料研究和实地调查的基础上,对甘肃省24处重要古植物化石产地进行了评价和区划研究.甘肃省古植物化石产地可划分为北山地区、祁连山——河西走廊地区、鄂尔多斯和秦岭地区4个古生物化石大区以及6个古...     

Diurnal Variations of Hydrochemistry in a Travertine-depositing Stream at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China

Diurnal variations of hydrochemistry were monitored at a spring and two pools in a travertine-depositing stream at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China. Water temperature, pH and specific conductivity were measured in intervals of 5 and 30 min for periods of 1 to 2 days. From these data the concentrations of Ca²⁺, HCO₃⁻, calcite saturation index, and CO₂ partial pressure were derived. The measurements in the spring of the stream did not show any diurnal variations in the chemical composition of the water. Diurnal variations, however, were observed in the water of the two travertine pools downstream. In one of them, a rise in temperature (thus more CO₂ degassing) during day time and consumption of CO₂ due to photosynthesis of submerged aquatic plants accelerated deposition of calcite, whereas in the other pool, where aquatic plants flourished and grew out of the water (so photosynthesis was taking place in the atmosphere), the authors suggest that temperature-dependent root respiration underwater took place, which dominated until noon. Consequently, due to the release of CO₂ by the root respiration into water, which dominated CO₂ production by degassing induced by temperature increase, the increased dissolution of calcite was observed. This is the first time anywhere at least in China that the effect of root respiration on diurnal hydrochemical variations has been observed. The finding has implications for sampling strategy within travertine-depositing streams and other similar environments with stagnant water bodies such as estuaries, lakes, reservoirs, pools and wetlands, where aquatic plants may flourish and grow out of water.     

柴达木盆地西部第三系咸水湖相原油地球化学特征

在系统分析柴达木盆地西部各油田40余个原油样品碳同位素和饱和烃、芳烃组成的基础上,全面剖析了该地区第三系湖相原油的地球化学特征.研究结果表明,这些原油具有特殊的碳同位素组成和异常的生物标志物分布.其全油碳同位素偏重(-26‰～-24‰);正构烷烃系列单体烃碳同位素分布曲线呈水平状,表现出类同于海相有机质的碳同位素组成特征.它们的生物标志物中正烷烃系列兼具奇碳和偶碳优势双重碳数分布模式;呈强植烷优势,Pr/Ph值大多<0.6;伽玛蜡烷普遍异常丰富,C35藿烷含量高,表征高盐、厌氧的咸水湖相沉积环境性质.芳烃组份以萘、菲系列为主,而二苯并噻吩等含硫有机化合物相对含量较低,反映该地区咸水湖相原油源岩沉积相的特殊性.柴西各油田原油地球化学参数在区域上呈规律性变化趋势,与其源岩沉积相的时空变迁相一致.     

西溪湿地外来植物及其风险管理

采用经典分类及群落学研究方法,通过实地调查和资料分析,对西溪湿地外来植物,特别是外来入侵植物的种类、生境、危害程度等进行了研究。结果表明:西溪湿地现有外来种子植物97科234属328种,其中被子植物91科220属311种。菊科、禾本科和蔷薇科等14科所含属种是该地外来植物的主要组成部分,菊科、禾本科占绝对优势;菊科外来植物在外来种中所占比例大,且危害较重。景观改造、湿地植物园引种是西溪湿地外来植物种类大量增加的主要原因。西溪湿地现有外来入侵植物共27科55属71种,原产地为美洲的48种,占总种数的67.61%;原产地为欧洲的9种,占12.68%。外来入侵植物以一年生或二年生草本居多,有52种,占总种数的73.24%,落叶灌木仅1种(占1.41%)。提出西溪湿地外来植物的编目、监测和数字化管理的建议,并建议将美丽飞蓬、南美天胡荽、再力花和黄菖蒲等4种外来植物列入中国外来入侵植物名录。     

近海核电厂核素地下水释放通量的模型计算方法

为了定量计算陵区近海核电站排水管线泄漏情景下核素通过地下水途径向海洋环境的释放通量，以某近海核电站为例进行研究。首先，应用GOCAD软件建立三维地形地质模型，刻画地层的分布、剥蚀以及倾向等特点；然后，运用地下水数值模拟软件FEFLOW精细刻画丘陵区地下水系统的补给、径流和排泄特征；最后，以不被吸附滞留的核素³H和被吸附滞留的核素⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs为对象，通过实验测定了⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs在不同岩土介质中的分配系数，模拟计算了排水管线连续渗漏60 a后³H、⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs在地下水中的放射性分布及释放。结果表明：³H迁移速度基本与地下水流速一致，地下水中的最大放射性浓度为0.285 0 Bq/L，第20 000天时向收纳水域的释放通量达到最大值，约526 Bq/d；⁹⁰Sr吸附性能相对较弱，最大迁移距离约80 m，地下水中的最大放射性浓度为0.032 1 Bq/L；¹³⁷Cs吸附能力较强，相当长的时间内被滞留在管线附近，地下水中最大放射性浓度分别为6.840×10^-3 Bq/L，释放通量为0 Bq/d。由弥散度的不确定分析可知，弥散度越大，地下水中³H的最大放射性浓度越小，向海洋环境的释放通量越多。     

贵州关岭生物群中发现完美的植物化石

关岭生物群是指贵州关岭一带以大量海生爬行动物和海百合为特色的多门类化石群［１］，现已成为中国重要的化石宝库之一，但以往一直没有植物化石的报道。近些年来，笔者等在该地产海生爬行动物的同一层位中首次发现较多的植物化石，经鉴定为CtenozamitessarraniZeiller和Equisetitesare－naceus（Jaeger）Bronn．。这些植物化石的发现不仅增添了关岭生物群的组成内容，而且为海生爬行动物时代的确定提供了新的证据。植物化石产于关岭县新铺乡小凹组（原称“瓦窑组”）近底部。小凹组主要系一套海相不纯碳酸盐岩沉积，由灰、深灰、灰黑色…     

基于回声探测监测沉水植物盖度的插值方法研究:以杭州西湖沉水植物盖度监测为例

沉水植物作为水生态系统的重要组成成分,在水生态系统物质循环和能量流动中发挥着重要作用,其覆盖度和生物量是评价湖泊等浅水水体系统稳定性的关键参数随着高效和无损伤监测的回声探测仪在沉水植物盖度监测中的应用,其精确度算法也受到了越来越多的关注本研究以成功恢复沉水植物的浅水湖泊杭州西湖为研究对象,利用BioSonics便携型回声探测仪——MX采集沉水植物回声样本同时结合人工样方设置,采集与回声探测对应位点的沉水植物样本,验证回声探测结果的精确性通过建立回归模型分析回声探测得到的沉水植物体积百分比(PVI)与人工样方获得的对应平均鲜重关系,结果表明二者具有较好的相关性分别采用普通克里金法、反距离权重法、径向基函数法3种插值方法对同一季节的不同湖泊和同一湖泊的不同季节未采集区域沉水植物的盖度数据进行插值分析,并对插值结果进行交叉验证,以确定方法的精确度交叉验证结果表明,插值精确度反距离权重法径向基函数法普通克里金法研究结果为回声探测与插值分析方法结合在大尺度浅水水体中沉水植物监测应用提供了技术支撑.     

全球2℃温升碳约束下中国煤电搁浅资产研究

作为全球煤电装机规模最大且仍在扩张的国家,中国需要慎重评估兑现《巴黎协定》温室气体减排承诺带来的潜在煤电资产搁浅问题.研究运用"上下交互"的碳锁定曲线模型,识别不同产能扩张情景下(无新增、新增200、300和400 GW)的搁浅煤电机组.首先,从"自上而下"角度匡算中国煤电行业2℃温升目标下的碳配额.然后,从"自下而上...     

Validation and Application of Plants as Biomonitors of Trace Element Atmospheric Pollution – A Co-Ordinated Effort in 14 Countries

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) organized a co-ordinated research project (CRP) on Validation and application of plants as biomonitors of trace element atmospheric pollution analysed by nuclear and related techniques involving 14 participating countries. The CRPs objective was to identify appropriate bioindicators for local and/or regional application and validate them for general air pollution monitoring. Activities included quantification studies, research into spatial and time resolution for particular organisms, and physiological studies. A number of suitable bioindicators were identified in different parts of the globe and tested during the CRP. Sampling strategies were reviewed and the recommended approach adopted by the group. Appropriate sample preparation procedures were assessed and harmonised to the degree allowed by different geographic and climatic conditions in the participating countries. Two interlaboratory comparison exercises were carried out on lichen and moss materials. Results confirmed definite improvement in analytical performance of the participating laboratories, but also revealed possible inconsistencies due to different sample processing procedures. Several monitoring surveys were carried out and consequently pollution maps drawn for extended areas or countries. Overall results confirmed applicability of lower plants for assessing the degree of atmospheric pollution and provided several countries with effective monitoring tools not used before.