The Distribution of Riparian Corridor Plants and the Relations to River Water Salinity along Perai River, Penang, Malaysia

Ecological surveys were carried out to investigate the distribution and characterization of riparian corridor plants along the Perai River,Penang,Malaysia from July 2007 to March 2008.Surveys were design to represent horizon-tal sections of the river starting from the river mouth towards the upper reaches for 20 km.A total of 84 species of plants from 30 families were recorded.They consisted of 28 species of standing plants(plants with height of more than 1 m)and 56 species of weedy plants(plants with heigh...     

Leaching Behavior of Fly Ashes from Power Plants

The Yanzhou mine district, located in southwestern Shandong Province, is about 1300 km2 with more than 8×109tons of proved coal reserves and there are 10 big power plants in this area. A large amount of coal ashes, which are regarded as waste materials, have been stockpiled in the area and have influenced the environment of the mine district. In this paper, analysis of fly ash samples from three power plants is carried out, the enrichment and concentration of trace elements, Pb, Zn, Cu and As, in coal ashes are analyzed, and petrological and mineralogical characteristics and chemical compositions of coal ashes are studied. The aim of this work is to provide basic scientific data for utilization of ashes and reduction of environmental pollutions.     

四川冕宁冶勒变质火山沉积岩系中微古植物的发现及意义

位于扬子地台西缘康滇地轴中段的冶勒变质杂岩体中分布的变质火山沉积岩系,首次发现微古植物化石,计有１１个属３６个种,时代确定为中新元古代蓟县系—青白口系,为岩系的划分及归属提供了依据,证实有褶皱基底的存在。     

Insect communities of Phragmites habitats used for sewage purification: Effects of age and area of habitats on species richness and herbivore-parasitoid interactions

In 1994, 28 sewage purification plants based on common reed Phragmites australis were analyzed, to study fragmentation effects on diversity and on food web structure of insect communities. Purification plants differed in age (2 to 11 years) and area (10 to 2,500 m²). Both age and area were significantly correlated with species richness of herbivores. Populations of the two most abundant herbivores, the gall makers Lipara pullitarsis (Diptera, Chloropidae) and Giraudiella inclusa (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), increased significantly with age and size of the Phragmites habitats, i.e. the purification plants. Incidence curves showed that only habitats older than 6 years and larger than 100 m² have a 50% probability of finding these two most abundant gall makers, and can correspondingly be considered to contribute to insect species conservation. Natural enemies were even more susceptible to habitat fragmentation than their phytophagous hosts or prey, thereby hampering possible biocontrol. Percent parasitism of both the Lipara and Giraudiella gall makers significantly increased with habitat age.     

论固氮植物在山区农业持续发展中的应用

对固氮植物在山区的应用潜力及前景进行了讨论。固氮植物不仅可以用于改善土壤肥力和保持水土,还可以为山区提供大量的木本饲料在提高土壤肥力方面,详细阐明了应用多年生木本固氮植物提高土壤肥力的新原理和新思路论述了植物篱、生物梯田的水土保持作用、建立生物梯田的方法及其与传统人工梯田相比的优越性。认为发展多年生木本固氮植物在山区水土保持、坡耕地土壤肥力改善、荒坡荒山的治理、木本饲料和薪炭林的发展及在恢复山区退化生态系统方面都有着广阔的前景。     

顶芽、节数和埋藏深度对六种沉水植物断枝再生能力的影响

研究了顶芽、节数和埋藏深度对穗花狐尾藻、黑藻、篦齿眼子菜、菹草、金鱼藻和轮藻等6种沉水植物断枝再生能力的影响.结果表明,顶芽显著抑制了菹草的断枝再生能力,但是对其它5种植物没有显著影响;随着节数增加,断枝萌生再生枝和根的能力显著增强,总体上,5节以上的断枝具有明显更强的再生能力;穗花狐尾藻和6节以下的黑藻在埋藏条件下没...     

富营养水体中沉水植物与浮游藻类相互竞争的研究

本文就沉水植物与浮游藻类在富营养水体中的相互竞争现象及机制作了初步研究。室内外实验结果表明,二者之间存在着复杂的相互竞争关系。在光资源竞争上,浮游藻类占有相对优势;对水中营养盐的竞争是单向的,沉水植物因可以从底泥中得到营养盐而处于优势地位;当光照和营养盐充足时沉水植物对浮游藻类有明显的生化抑制效应,这种抑制可能通过促进藻类沉降而起作用。二者的互竞争受水深、水温及水中营养盐含量的强烈影响,高水温、高营养盐含量及深水均不利于沉水植物,而助长了浮游藻类的竞争优势。沉水植物群落一旦形成较大的密度,就能对浮游藻类产生强烈的抑制,保持自己的优势地位。因此,沉水植被恢复应从水温和水位均较底的冬季开始,严格控制营养盐输入量是非常重要的。     

荧蒽与铜对三角褐指藻的单一和联合毒性

在实验室条件下研究了多环芳烃荧蒽和铜对三角褐指藻的单一和联合毒性。结果表明:在本实验所测试的浓度范围内,荧蒽(0~0.315μg/mL)和铜(0~1.262μg/mL)分别对该藻的生长产生了一定的影响,且都呈现较好的剂量-效应关系;其中当荧蒽浓度升高至0.079μg/mL或铜离子浓度升至0.317μg/mL时,开始明显抑制藻种群的增殖。经回归分析求得荧蒽和铜对三角褐指藻的72hEC50分别为(0.103±0.009)μg/mL和(0.531±0.037)μg/mL。在联合毒性实验中,定义0.5×EC50(荧蒽) 0.5×EC50(铜)=1个毒性单位(TU)。荧蒽和铜混合后,对三角褐指藻的72hEC50为(1.093±0.085)TU,其联合毒性效应方式表现为拮抗作用。     

1990—2021年东太湖网围养殖规模变化下的水质变化特征及成因分析

2019年,东太湖30 km2养殖网围实现清零,结束了长达34年的太湖网围养殖历史。系统整理东太湖30年来(1990 2021年)水体氮、磷等营养盐浓度监测资料,对比分析14个监测点位水质在不同网围利用和整治时期的时空差异性及影响因素,判识网围拆除后水体营养盐变化趋势及存在问题对东太湖生态修复与保护具有重要意义。结果表明,东太湖30年来水体营养盐浓度年际变化随养殖结构(主养鱼到主养蟹)和养殖规模(过度利用到网围整治和拆除)的变化而变化,网围养蟹因其有效的水生植物管控和生态混养相对于主养鱼类水质较优,但水质均随着养殖强度的增大而变差,网围规模缩减对改善水质有正面效应。总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)和叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度分别由1990年的0.53 mg/L、0.014 mg/L、3.58 mg/L和2.90μg/L上升到2021年的1.87 mg/L、0.128 mg/L、5.72 mg/L和28.09μg/L,TN是主要的污染因子。原网围区和湖心区因较高的水生植被覆盖度,TN、TP、磷酸盐、悬浮颗粒物(SS)30年来变化不大,原网围区透...     

Petroleum and PAH contamination of the Black Sea

Concern has been expressed regarding the extent of contamination of the Black Sea. Analyses of coastal sediments taken from throughout the region indicate, however, that levels of petroleum hydrocarbons (2-300 microg g(-1) dry wt total hydrocarbons) are generally comparable to those encountered in the Mediterranean and are lower than concentrations reported for highly contaminated areas such as the Gulf, Hong Kong, Taiwan and New York Bight. Highest concentrations of total hydrocarbons (>100 microg g(-1) dry wt) were associated with discharges from Odessa, Sochi and the River Danube. Chronic/degraded petroleum was the major contributor at these sites. Samples from the Ukrainian coastline were comparatively clean (<10 microg g(-1) dry wt total hydrocarbons). Major contributions of fresh oil (as indicated by sigma n-C14-34) occur through the River Danube. Concerning total PAH, concentrations (7-638 ng g(-1) dry wt) compare to relatively unpolluted locations in the Mediterranean and are much lower than levels reported for polluted UK estuaries (e.g. Mersey, Tyne, Thames). Both pyrolytic and petrogenic PAH are present in most samples, although petroleum derived PAH are dominant at Sochi and pyrolytic sources are prevalent in the Bosphorus region. The absence of a correlation between total hydrocarbons and PAH (R2 = 0.04) indicates different primary sources for the two.